Jianruiying martial arts hall

Jianruiying military training hall, commonly known as xiaotuancheng, was built in 1749. It is the only existing building group in Beijing, which integrates City, palace, pavilion, watchtower, teaching ground and other forms. The main buildings are stele Pavilion of Shisheng temple, gate tower of Xicheng, military training hall, Tuancheng, stone bridge and so on. The architectural layout fully reflects the characteristics of the armed buildings in the Qing Dynasty. It is an important material for the study of Qing Dynasty history, architectural art, architectural planning and other topics. In 2006, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Jianruiying martial arts hall

Jianruiying military training hall, a national key cultural relic protection unit, is an ancient military camp building in Qing Dynasty. Located at the east foot of Xiangshan Mountain, Haidian District, Beijing. It is commonly known as Tuancheng martial arts hall. It looks like a castle and was built in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Quick navigation

Panorama

brief introduction

In order to strengthen the rule of the southwest minority areas, the Qing government carried out the policy of changing the land to the flow. The local forces resisted with the stone carving building, but the Qing army was defeated for a long time, so the Jianrui cloud ladder camp was built here to drill and capture the stone carving building, and finally the big and small Jinchuan was pacified. In order to celebrate the victory, Shisheng temple was built here. On the wall of Yingcheng City, the north and South towers are towering. There are two gates, and each gate is written with "Zhi Yu Jin Tang" and "Wei Xuan bulwark". There are three martial arts halls in the south of the city. The auditorium is near the auditorium. There were 67 carved buildings in those years, but now most of them have collapsed. Cao Xueqin's former residence on the west side is a well preserved stone building. Jianruiying martial arts hall is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

history

Jianruiying martial arts hall, also known as Tuancheng martial arts hall, is located in the southeast of Xiangshan mountain. Founded in 1749, it is the only unique military building in Beijing. It is the place where the emperor of Qing Dynasty trained and inspected the soldiers of eight banners. The city, temples, pavilions, watchtowers and teaching grounds are integrated here, which can be called the epitome of the ancient city.

In 1748, shaluoben, the chieftain of Jinchuan, Sichuan Province, attempted to annex the neighboring tribes, and the Qing army sent troops to pacify the chaos. In order to resist the Qing army, the rebels built many tall watchtowers with stones at the pass and the dangerous terrain, resulting in heavy casualties and defeat of the Qing army. Emperor Qianlong was very angry. He personally selected 2000 soldiers from the eight banners to form a special force - "Jianrui YUNTI camp" to attack blockhouses. He also built a training ground at the south foot of Xiangshan mountain. Around the base, 67 blockhouses with a height of more than 10 meters and similar to Jinchuan were built to carry out special skills training of attacking blockhouses by YUNTI (there are still some blockhouses near the mountain).

Later, under the command of Fu Heng, a bachelor, Jianrui YUNTI battalion and other elite troops conquered Jinchuan at one stroke, and the Qing army won a complete victory. At that time, the training ground of Jianrui camp was transformed into a military training hall in Tuancheng.

Tuancheng martial arts hall is not only the training ground of Jianrui camp, but also the place for soldiers of eight banners to practice together. On a fixed day every month, soldiers of eight banners such as Jianrui camp should concentrate here for joint training. Emperor Qianlong visited the "Songtang" of the martial arts hall more than 20 times to inspect and reward the meritorious officers and soldiers. Tuancheng martial arts hall, the smallest city in the world, with its back against the peaks of the Western Hills and its east facing the Yuquan pagoda, is still magnificent despite the vicissitudes of hundreds of years. From north to south, the existing buildings are Tuancheng, Yanwu hall, dongdongchaofang (destroyed), Xicheng loumen, Beiting, fangmahuang (destroyed), etc.

After the founding of new China, it was taken over by the Municipal Farm Bureau and belonged to Jushan farm, where fruit trees were planted all over. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, with the party and government's attention to the work of cultural relics, it was listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit in 1979. In 1988, the municipal government decided to transfer Tuancheng from the farm bureau to the Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, and formally set up a protection agency for management. Since then, the municipal government has allocated more than ten million yuan to repair it. It was not until 2004 that Tuancheng regained its former glory and faced the society with a new face. Now the overall area is 28000 square meters, and the building is as good as ever.

Architecture

Jianruiying martial arts hall is a ring Castle style building, with green bricks inside the city and a moat outside the city. There are two white marble bridges across the river opposite the gate. Tuancheng is 50.2 meters in diameter from east to west, 40 meters in diameter from north to south, 11 meters in height, 5 meters in width, and only 190 meters in circumference. It is the smallest city in the world. The walls of Tuancheng are made of blue bricks. There are two gates in the north and south of the castle. The gate of the north gate is "Zhiyu Jintang" and the gate of the south gate is "Weixuan bulwark", both of which are written by Emperor Qianlong. The hall in the city is a circular open space of 1800 square meters. There is a horse road leading directly to the top of the city in the East and west walls. Jianrui cloud ladder camp used to set up a cloud ladder to attack the city and the blockhouse. There are two towers on the north and south city gates. The north city is three rooms wide. In the building, there is a four body lying stele of Emperor Qianlong's imperial book, which is engraved with jianruiying's achievements in pacifying Junggar. This stele is an important material for studying the history of the Qing Dynasty. The south city is three rooms wide, surrounded by corridors, green glazed tiles and double eaves. It turned out to be a resting place for ministers. It has been turned into a temporary exhibition hall to introduce the evolution of Tuancheng martial arts hall to tourists.

The martial arts hall is five rooms wide and has a platform in front of it. Emperor Qianlong had many military parades here. There was a fire in 1934. In front of the hall is the teaching ground for the emperor to inspect the Eight Banners army, covering an area of about 300 mu, which has been turned into a peach garden.

The gate of Xicheng tower is made of rubble, 11.2 meters high and 24 meters wide. It is arched with blue stone footpaths at the north and south ends. It is the commanding post for the general of Jianrui camp during training.

On the south side of the hall is the stele Pavilion of Shisheng temple, which was built in the 14th year of Qianlong. Inside the pavilion are inscriptions in Manchu, Han, Mongolian and Tibetan characters written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The stele is square, more than Zhang high, with inscriptions on all sides, recording the process of pacifying Jinchuan and the evolution of Shisheng temple. Now the temple has been abandoned, leaving only the stele Pavilion.

Scenery

In the Qing Dynasty, painters once drew "the painting of jianruiying performing martial arts", presenting the scene of the drill to the world. From south to north, the whole hall is composed of the stele Pavilion of Shisheng temple, the gate of Xicheng tower, the school yard, the hall, the East and west side halls, Tuancheng, the East and West courthouses in the city and the north and South towers in the city. After leaving the north gate of the regiment City, a pair of stone lions guard the inclined steps. Under the green trees, there is a white marble bridge leading to the rear site. The whole martial arts hall faces north from south, which fully embodies the characteristics of Martial Arts Architecture in Qing Dynasty. Its majestic momentum and modern urban life form a strong contrast. So that those who are in it can feel the traces of history, at the same time, have a sense of crisscross time and space, and be shocked in their hearts. At present, in addition to the fixed "historical materials exhibition of Tuancheng martial arts hall" in Tuancheng martial arts hall and its auxiliary hall, other temporary exhibitions such as "Xiangshan scenic spot Exhibition", "ancient architecture restoration Exhibition" are often held. There are also interactive projects such as ancient weapon making and outdoor archery. Among them, the important scenic spots are: the stele Pavilion of Shisheng temple, the gate of Xicheng building, the martial arts hall, the lying stele of Tuancheng and Beicheng building.

Shisheng Temple stele Pavilion: located in the southwest of Tuancheng. Inside the pavilion, there is a white jade stele with four kinds of characters: Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan. The inscription is written by Emperor Qianlong himself, recording the history of Pingding and xiaojinchuan and the evolution of Shisheng temple.

Xicheng building gate: located in the north of Beiting, it is made of rock and arched. There are bluestone footpaths at the north and south ends. The floor is trapezoidal, 11.2 meters high and 24 meters wide. It is a kind of carved building. It was used for the practice and review of Jianrui camp ladder soldiers at that time.

Martial arts hall: located in the south of Tuancheng. Five Ying open hall, Xie hilltop, yellow glazed tile, brilliant. Its platform is wide and flat, solemn and solemn. The south of the hall is the arena. Emperor Qianlong had paraded here many times.

Tuancheng: the city is oval, 50.2 meters in diameter from east to west, 40 meters in diameter from north to south, 11 meters high and 5 meters wide. There are two towers in the north and south of the city. The wall is built of green bricks, arched and rolled with door openings. There are Jade Gate forehead on it, Weixuan barrier on the South forehead and Zhiyu Jintang on the North forehead, all of which are written by Emperor Qianlong. In the city, the green brick floor is extremely wide, and there are three couplets in the East and the West. The eastern and Western walls each had a horse road around the top of the city, which was an important place for the military parade at that time.

Beicheng building and lying stele: the floor of Beicheng is three wide Ying, green glazed tile, double eaves and resting on the top of the mountain. Inside the building stands a huge stele, engraved with Qianlong's imperial book "Yuzhi Shisheng Temple postscript", which is composed of four parts: Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan. The inscription is an important historical material of Qing Dynasty.

value

Jianruiying martial arts hall is also called Tuancheng martial arts hall. Tuancheng martial arts hall is a key cultural relic protection unit in Beijing and is now a national key cultural relic protection unit. Hongqi village is located in the south foot of Xiangshan Mountain, Haidian District, Beijing. Through the West and North Ring Road, the traffic is very convenient. It is the only ancient architectural complex in Beijing that integrates the city, temples, pavilions, school yards, watchtowers and other architectural forms. It is also a famous scenic spot with unique characteristics in the royal garden scenic spot in the west of Beijing.

In 1979, Tuancheng martial arts hall was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Beijing. After sorting out and rebuilding, Tuancheng martial arts hall opened a special exhibition such as "historical materials exhibition of Tuancheng martial arts hall", which imitated the Royal couch, golden melon, axe, Gong, umbrella, fan and other utensils and weapons of Qianlong period, and also displayed precious cultural relics such as "martial arts painting of jianruiying" drawn by Italian palace painter Lang shining .

Due to the unique architectural form and superior geography of Tuancheng martial arts hall

Chinese PinYin : Jian Rui Ying Yan Wu Ting