Former Home of Tan Sitong

Former Home of Tan Sitong

Tan Sitong's former residence, also known as dafudi and Hunan Liuyang guild hall, is located in Liuyang City, Changsha City, Hunan Province. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In March 2009, the parking lot of a hotel intruded into the protection area of Tan Sitong's former residence in Liuyang. In the next two years, the Changsha municipal administrative department of cultural relics lost the lawsuit twice.

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Relics of former residence

Address of Tan Sitong's former residence: Beizheng South Road, Liuyang City, Hunan Province

Protection unit level: national level

It's the place where Tan Sitong lives between 15 and 17 years old.

Brick wood structure

Tan Sitong's former residence, namely dafudi official residence, is located in Beizheng Road, Chengguan Town, Liuyang County. It was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, covering an area of about 10000 square meters. The former residence is located in the southwest and faces northeast. It is of brick and wood structure. It has a garden in the East. The front building faces the street. It has 5 rooms in width and 2 rooms in depth. It has a hard top on the second floor.

Between the nave and the back hall, there is a pavilion, a hilltop, a fire wall, and small green tiles. The building area is about 1200 square meters, which is basically preserved. His room is in the North suite of the five West rooms, which is self titled "mangcangzhai". Many of his poems and letters are written here. There is a couplet written by Tan Tongtong in mangcangzhai: the first couplet is "there is no stone at home", and the second couplet is "Qi Xiong Wan Fu". Later, the first couplet was changed to "see your dream, heaven Hu is so drunk", and the second couplet was changed to "in time and everywhere, people also have words". In the guild hall, there is also the north room of Liyuan where the reformers meet.

architectural style

Tan Sitong's former residence can be summarized as "three entrances in depth, five rooms in width, three buildings, two courtyards and one Pavilion". It is a hard mountaintop structure with small green tiles on the top, wind and fire Gables on both sides, pavilions in the middle and back halls. The exquisite craftsmanship of "dafudi" is mainly reflected in the wood carving. Each beam, each bucket arch and sparrow on the roof has carved patterns and lines fluent.

The main hall screen door is also a masterpiece of carving technology. The upper part of each screen door is hollowed out by means of double-sided carving, and the ventilation and lighting are suitable for the humid climate of Hunan. Over the Pavilion there is a long prismatic hexagonal caisson with pavilions and attics on both sides.

The sculpture inlaid on the Fenghuoshan wall is very novel. Each flower is lifelike. The carving of the lattice door and flower window of the former residence, together with the rigorous layout, tall and spacious hall and courtyard, are rare in southern China.

Dafudi official residence

Most of Tan Sitong's ancestors lived by teaching and reading. His grandfather, Tan Xueqin, once served as a county official and had four sons. Tan's father, Tan Jixun, ranked third. He was a Jinshi in the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859) and became an official in Beijing. Because of the preference in character, he bought the ancestral hall of Zhou family as a private property. After several times of construction, it became the existing courtyard style residential building. This building was built in the late Ming Dynasty. When Tan Sitong's father Tan Jixun was the governor of Hubei Province, he was granted the title of "dafudi official residence" by the emperor's decree because of his prominent official position.

"Dafudi" not only attracted many visitors because of his exquisite decoration and magnificence, but also because he was the former residence of Tan Sitong, one of the "Six Gentlemen of 1898" in modern Chinese history.

Experience

On March 10, 1865 (the 4th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Tan Sitong was born in lanmian Hutong, xuanwumenwai, Beijing. He grew up with his father and learned from his teacher.

When he was 13 years old (1877), he returned to his ancestral home Liuyang for the first time and lived in "dafudi". Although the time was not long, there were many intriguing stories left: Tan's father had a side room, Lu's family, who discriminated against and abused Tan Sitong in all ways depending on his husband's favor. On the eve of new year's Eve, Tan's family gathered around the fire to share their family happiness. Lu then instigated Tan's father to say: "seven childe read The book has really made progress. I can argue with my husband about learning. " In order to provoke Tan Jixun to accuse Tan Sitong, but his father is very happy, think that the son is good, dare to argue with the teacher, show the couplet on the spot to test Tan Sitong: "New Year's Eve is dark, light a lamp, for heaven and earth add color."

The next morning, Tan Sitong ran to the ancestral hall and aimed at the drum hanging in the East corridor to "Dong Dong Dong" tightly beat the three links.

Father was awakened, asked about couplets, Tan Sitong said: "early spring thunder did not move, send three drums, help heaven and earth It can be seen from this that Tan Sitong has been diligent and inquisitive since he was a child. The former residence displays Tan Sitong's bedroom and study as well as his poems and essays. In 1879 (the 5th year of Guangxu), Tan Sitong returned to Liuyang from Gansu Province. During his three years in Liuyang, he studied Confucian classics and history, read a lot of books, and danced sticks and swords in "dafudi" (he once learned from King Wudao). Once, his good friend Tang Caichang and his cousin saw him practicing martial arts in the garden and wanted to try his kung fu. They said, "I heard that you are very good at braiding. Have fun." Tan let Tang Caichang hold the braid, and sure enough, the braid left. From then on, Tang Caichang followed Tan Si to practice martial arts, and developed into a close friend.

In 1881, 2 of the "big Fu" courtyard were planted with Wutong trees, one of which was struck by lightning. Tan Sitong made 2 seven lyre guitars, named Lei Lei (scattered) and "Beng Ting" (extant in the Provincial Museum) by using ancient trees and branches. "Bengting" Qin has the inscription of clay and gold regular script, and the tone is pure and the melody is pleasant. Tan Sitong especially cherishes it. In the dead of night, he either plays the "bengting" Qin or dances the "wind moment" sword. It can be seen that Tan Sitong is proficient in Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting, and is really a versatile man.

From 1890 to 1897, Tan Sitong returned to Liuyang many times and lived in "dafudi" to discuss patriotic strategies with his friends and explore ways to save the country. He was influenced by many patriotic ideas and had a strong interest in physics, astronomy, geology and mathematics. He thought that eight part essay could not save the country, only science could prosper the country, so he formed his idea The primary theoretical thought of the reform.

In 1896, Liuyang suffered from drought, and the people were in dire straits. He actively organized disaster relief and won the trust of local bureaucrats and gentlemen. Therefore, in the second year after Tainan academy stopped running Suan society, he, together with Tang Caichang and Ouyang Zhonghu, successfully established the first scientific and technological group organization in modern Chinese history, the new Suan school (within the territory of No.1 Middle School), which promoted new learning and advocated innovation Science.

On September 28, 1898, Tan Sitong was killed in Caishikou, Beijing because he participated in the reform. When Tan Sitong died, his father, Tan Jixun, happened to meet the imperial court's reduction of officials and was waiting for a decree at home. At this time, the reform movement of 1898 failed, and he had to go back to his hometown to rest in "dafudi" for the rest of his life. Since she married Tan Sitong, her wife Li run actively supported her husband's cause of reform and donated silver to the non foot binding Association. When she learned that Tan Sitong had died, she was very sad and often cried at night. Once, her father-in-law, Tan Jixun, went to the window to comfort her and said, "seventh sister-in-law, you can't come back to life after death. In the future, his fame is likely to be higher than mine. You should also be relieved." So Li Ran turned grief into strength and changed his name to Yusheng.

In 1912, she founded the first women's school in Liuyang. Because she was very old, she was an honorary principal. She was enthusiastic about running a school and setting up a child care Bureau and other public welfare undertakings. When Li Yun was 60 years old, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao jointly presented a plaque with the title of "women's perfect person" and hung it in the second Hall of dafudi's former residence. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the cultural revolution. She lived mainly in dafudi and spent her later years here.

Comprehensive renovation

After the death of Tan martyr, the tan family began to decline slowly. The area of "dafudi" gradually reduced. In the 25th year of the Republic of China, the front gate building was changed into a shop. The existing building area is 762 square meters. It has experienced more than 300 years of ups and downs. In 1944, the Japanese army entered Liuyang. In order to protect their houses, the descendants of the tan family opened a "Garden Hotel" here. Therefore, the former residence was not looted and was not attacked. Since liberation, 12 households have been kept here until November 1996, when it was announced as a state-level cultural relics protection unit. At present, with the support of the State Administration of cultural relics, provincial and municipal leaders and relevant departments, dafudi has been fully renovated.

The former residence's windows are carved on both sides, that is to say, both sides are the same, the middle is carved, and is hollowed out. This screen door is usually closed in the middle. But there are two exceptions, which two? One is that when important guests come to the home, it's a very high etiquette to open the screen door, open the middle door to welcome the guests, and not let the guests walk through the side door; the other is that if there is a wedding or funeral at home, not only the screen door should be opened, including the front door of virtue and kindness, it will be very convenient for pedestrians to get in and out.

There is a movable plank behind the door, which is similar to the cat's eye of the anti-theft door at home now, but our cat's eye is mainly for warning to open the door; and this movable plank is for the convenience of ladies. As we all know, women's status in the old days was very low, and they stayed at home. When the guests come to the middle hall, she also wants to share the lively scene outside. What can she do? Just lift the plank of the activity to see the situation outside secretly.

The bedroom of Tan Jixun, the father of Tan Sitong. Tan Jixun is a native of Liuyang. He passed the imperial examination and entered the official career. His official position is grade one

Chinese PinYin : Tan Si Tong Gu Ju