Gumo Village

Gumo Village

Gumo village, a traditional Chinese village under the jurisdiction of Shili Township, Fengqing County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province, is located in the northwest of Shili Township, covering an area of 12.061 square kilometers.

Due to its special physical and geographical environment and social and historical factors, ancient Mo Village presents the overall pattern of "big mixed living, small concentrated living".

There are many masters of poetry and calligraphy in ancient Mo Village. There are still plaques of Jinshi in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty in the village. Because there was ink in ancient times, this place will be named ancient Mo in later generations.

There are well preserved ancient mill groups, ancient dwellings, ancient peach groves, ancient camphor trees, ancient tea trees and Ancient Riverway along the Lover River of ancient Mo Village. There are 33 existing mills, including 19 available mills, 14 mill sites, 2 nianzifang sites, 2 zheyoufang sites, 1 paper mill site and 9 stone bridges.

The characteristic culture of ancient Mo Village includes caravan culture and folk song.

On December 17, 2012, Gumo village was announced as the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

Village history

In order to establish a ruling dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang demolished villages and built a city (yingtianfu) in Nanjing. Some Nanjing people were forced to move to the surrounding areas of Yunnan, and the ancestors of the Yang family of ancient Mo moved from liushuwan in Nanjing to Dali in Yunnan.

In 1697, Yang Xianbin, a Jinshi of Yunnan county (today's Xiangyun County of Dali), brought his good friend Li zhema and his family members to Gumo village, Shili Township, and settled here to enjoy his old age. The migration of the Han and the Bai led to disputes and integration among the Yi, the Han and the Bai. Some of the Yi people were killed by the Han or the Bai, the remaining Yi people intermarried with the Han and the Bai, and some of the immigrants finally formed the ancient Mo natural village.

During the reign of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, there was a Shili Street (pomegranate street at the beginning), with maoyouri as a collection.

In 1931, the local Yang Wenhong raised money to build the jade inkstone pagoda, which was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit at Fengqing County Level in 1982.

geographical environment

Location context

Gumo village is located in the northwest of Shili Township, 112.6km away from the county seat, connecting Qinghua village in the East, Tuanjie village in Lushi town in the south, riverside village in Lushi town in the west, and Paifang village in the north, covering an area of 12.061 square kilometers.

 

 

topographic features

Gumo village is surrounded by many mountains, such as Yazi Xiashan, Malutang mountain, Ma'anshan, dashigula mountain, houzijun mountain, Dashan, Xiaoshan, Zhongshan, Tianshan, ezitou mountain in the south, and baiyanzi mountain in the north. There are some valleys, such as xiaoheqing Valley, Xiaoshan Valley, Zhongshan Valley, caizizi Valley, Chashan Valley, etc., which are steep in the bottom, steep in the top and gentle in the middle Almost all of them are mountainous and belong to karst landform, forming slate about 5-500 meters thick.

 

hydrology

There is a Lover River in ancient Mo Village.

 

vegetation

The vegetation types in Gumo village mainly include natural and semi natural vegetation types such as subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, subtropical subalpine sparse shrub / mountain bamboo forest, subalpine grass / meadow, etc., and artificial vegetation types such as walnut forest and tea forest, etc., with intact ecosystem. There are many species, including ancient tea tree, Cinnamomum camphora tree, peach tree, pear tree, ancient peach tree, Lagerstroemia indica, Quercus plantarum, Quercus equisetifolia, etc.

 

Village characteristics

Site selection concept

There are three ancient rivers in ancient Mo Village, among which the Lover River has the greatest impact on the site selection. The Lover River flows through the whole area of ancient Mo Village, and ancient Mo Village is built along the river. First, the ancestors thought that there is spirit when there is water, and there is support when there is river; second, ancient mill was built in Paifang village nearby at that time. Considering the processing of rice and flour, new mill can be built along the river. Gumo village is built along the mountain, and the village is built on the opposite uphill of both sides. Each village is distributed along the mountain belt, with a wide field of vision. It is not only convenient for mutual communication, but also can reasonably allocate land resources.

 

The village is located close to the mountain and water, which is easy to expand.

 

spatial distribution

Due to its special physical and geographical environment and social and historical factors, ancient Mo Village presents the overall pattern of "big mixed living, small concentrated living". The whole village is divided into two natural villages, ancient Mo and new Mo, which face each other across the river.

 

At the head of the village, there are ancestral halls or tree for worshiping gods. Villagers offer sacrifices to gods and pray for blessings.

 

The mill group is located in the valley of lovers.

 

In Gumo village, 11.6 km of rural roads have been built. The roads are paved with marble and slate. Three slate roads have been built. The slate roads built along the Lover River are connected with the mill. There are three ancient roads paved with slate in the Lover River area. There are five kinds of roads: Valley Road, field road, forest road, vehicle road and village road. Valley roads were distributed on both sides of the Lover River, providing convenience for people's travel and residents on both sides of the valley at that time.

 

Architectural features

The traditional architecture of Gumo village follows the architectural style of Nanzhao in Dali. The independent cornice gate, white walls and green tiles mean innocence. The architectural layout is mainly presented by three rooms, one screen wall and four in one patio. It is beautiful and practical.

 

Economic society

population

According to the official website of China Traditional Village Museum in March 2020, the main ethnic group in ancient village was Han nationality, with a registered residence of 1076 people and a permanent population of 1066.

 

Economics

The main industries of Gumo village are walnut, labor export, animal husbandry and grain.

According to the official website of Chinese Traditional Village Museum in March 2020, the collective annual income of Gumo village is 19.76 million yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is 8799 yuan.

 

Main attractions

overview

There are well preserved ancient mill groups, ancient dwellings, ancient peach groves, ancient camphor trees, ancient tea trees, and Ancient Riverway along the Lover River in Gumo village. In particular, the well preserved ancient mills, mills, oil mills, paper mills, houses with stone strips as the base, stone walls as the wall, stone courtyard as the roof, and the graceful stone roads, simple and exquisite stone bridges, etc.

 

Water mill group

The ancient ink mill group was built in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. There are 33 water mills, of which 19 can be used, 14 water mill sites and 2 nianzifang sites. There are 2 oil press houses, 9 stone bridges, and more than 90 ancient walnut trees with a diameter of more than 30 cm. The water mill is close to the mountain and near the water. It takes the water as the power to process rice and flour in the traditional way. The building is composed of canals, mills, stockyards and toilets. The roof of the building is covered with bluestone slabs, and the wall is made of stone. Tall walnut trees are distributed around the mill, with thick trunks, dense branches and luxuriant leaves. It is an organic combination of natural landscape and cultural landscape. In January 2012, the "ancient ink mill group" was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Yunnan Provincial People's government.

 

 

Typical architecture

History and culture

Traditional folk customs

festival activities

There are traditional quyi performances in Gumo village. During festivals, the middle-aged and old people who can play traditional musical instruments in the village will gather together to play them. The number of people varies from a few to a dozen.

 

marriage and funeral

Gumo village has the custom of inviting guests, blowing, making bridal chamber and carrying dowry.

Funeral ceremony: every funeral in the village is organized to sing songs, blow Lusheng, burn bonfire, follow the rhythm, jump around the bonfire at a unified pace, in order to make the home less desolate and pray for the dead.

 

Characteristic culture

Since ancient times, ancient Mo Village has been relying on horses for goods transportation, thus forming its own unique pack culture of horse gang. Carrying goods with horses is still the main mode of transportation for villagers. Ancient post road, ancient village gate, horse team and villagers form a scenic line of ancient Mo Village.

 

Intangible cultural heritage projects

Yes, folk songs

Ancient Mexico is rich in corn and rice. During the day, the villagers go out to work. At night, the villagers in the surrounding villages have to bring grain to the ancient mill to grind noodles. Most of the tunes are duets between men and women who start singing. The lyrics are combined with the actual situation, and they make fun of each other. Others follow the harmony. Influenced by the Central Plains culture, the folk customs are simple and have a strong intangible culture with local characteristics.

 

historical figure

In 1697, Yang Xianbin, a Jinshi and native of Yunnan county (now Dali Yunnan Post), came to Gumo village of Shili Township with his family members because of the family changes at that time. Unfortunately, he died and his descendants settled here.

 

Clothing

Gumo village is a village dominated by the Han nationality. Its distinctive costumes are coir raincoat and bamboo hat. It is the main clothing used to prevent rain on rainy days. It is a rainproof appliance made of coir raincoat or tree palm. Sedge, also known as Eulaliopsis binata, grows in wet areas along ditches, ponds and rivers. It can be cut and spread on the flat ground to dry in the daytime. It can be woven when it is mostly dry. If it's sun dried, spray some light salt water to make it soft.

 

Chinese PinYin : Gu Mo Cun