Mayang River National Nature Reserve

Mayang River National Nature Reserve is located in Yanhe County and Wuchuan County of Guizhou Province, 34 kilometers away from Yanhe County. It is the largest habitat of langur in the world. At present, a Daheba protection station in the experimental area is open to the public, providing accommodation and biological observation tourism projects.

Mayang River National Nature Reserve

Mayang River National Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County, in the basin of Mayang River and Hongdu River, adjacent to the West Bank of lizhixia, 34 km away from Yanhe County. There are many kinds of wild animal and plant resources in the scenic area, which enjoy the reputation of "wild animal and plant gene bank". It also has typical karst landscape and unique canyon landscape. It has unique landform and beautiful scenery. It is a scenic area integrating mountains, water, caves, canyons, streams, rivers, rare animals and plants, and has great aesthetic value.

Mayang River National Nature Reserve was founded in 1987, and was promoted to National Nature Reserve in 2003 with the approval of the State Council. The main protected objects are the national first-class key protected wild animals, black leaf monkey and its habitat, which belong to the nature reserve of wild animals.

Historical evolution

In 1987, Mayang River National Nature Reserve was established under the management of Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County Forestry Bureau.

In 1994, with the approval of Guizhou Provincial People's government, it was promoted to a provincial nature reserve under the management of the provincial forestry department.

In 2002, with the approval of Guizhou Provincial People's government, sawtooth mountain black leaf monkey nature reserve in Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County of Zunyi City was merged into Mayang River Provincial Nature Reserve.

In 2003, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council of China.

In 2004, he joined the Chinese people and biosphere reserve network.

In 2005, according to the "governor's office meeting minutes" of Guizhou Provincial People's government, Guizhou Mayanghe Provincial Nature Reserve Management Bureau was renamed as Guizhou Mayanghe National Nature Reserve Management Bureau; it is a county-level institution directly under the provincial forestry department; the authorized institution establishment is 30 people, and the required personnel and funds are subject to full budget management by the provincial finance.

geographical environment

landforms

Mayanghe National Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of Dalou mountains, which belongs to the margin of Yangtze block. The exposed strata are Cambrian and Ordovician. The area above 800-1000 meters above sea level is open, while the area below 800 meters is mostly gorge with strong downward erosion. At the elevation of 1000 m, 800 m and 500-600 m, there are also zonal distribution of peaks or erosion steps, dissolution basins, dust depressions and flat bottomed valleys, etc., which often appear at the above different levels, forming a distinctive layered mountain landscape.

hydrology

The main rivers of Mayang River National Nature Reserve are Mayang River and Hongdu river. Mayang river originates from huanggenba, Yanping, Dejiang County, starts from sawtooth mountain (1158m above sea level) in the west, crosses the nature reserve to anxikou, Siqu town (290m above sea level) and flows into Wujiang River, with a relative elevation difference of 878m, a total length of 26.5km and a drainage area of 3183ha. Hongdu river flows 12.75 km from southwest to northeast in Wuchuan nature reserve. It flows into Wujiang River in Hongdu town (264 m above sea level), covering an area of 1225 hectares.

soil

The main parent rock of Mayanghe National Nature Reserve is dolomite, followed by limestone and a small amount of sand shale. The altitude of the reserve is between 300-1400m. Because the formation of forest soil is affected by the parent rock, altitude, climate and other factors, most of the soil in the reserve is lime soil except for the yellow soil distributed on the ancient planation surface above 1000m from loess to Xinjing and from yueliangba to Zhongba. Calcareous soil can be divided into yellow calcareous soil and leaching yellow calcareous soil. Yellow calcareous soil is mainly distributed in high mountain slope, erosion steps, dissolution basins and depressions, and the soil is neutral to slightly acidic. The leaching yellow calcareous soil is mainly distributed in the cliffs on both sides of the canyon, the middle and lower parts of the steep peaks, and the peak clusters formed by limestone.

climate

Mayang River National Nature Reserve belongs to the middle subtropical warm humid monsoon climate type. Rich in heat, abundant rainfall, moderate humidity, cool in winter, hot in summer, four distinct seasons, short frost period, long growing season. The average annual precipitation of the reserve is 1158.7mm, the average annual runoff is 428.2mm, and the average annual evaporation is 735.6mm, which is basically in balance with the average annual precipitation. There are two peaks and two valleys in the variation of precipitation in a year. The highest peak occurs from May to June, the second peak occurs in September, the lowest valley occurs in January, and the second trough occurs in August. The average annual temperature is 16.7 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest July is 27.2 ℃, the extreme best high temperature is 41 ℃, the best cold January average temperature is 5.6 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is - 6 ℃, the average annual temperature is more than 10 ℃, the altitude is different, the range is 3500-5500 ℃. In the canyon area of the nature reserve, due to the deep box canyon, there is a great difference in altitude from the bottom of the valley to the ridge. In summer, the mountains are scorching and the temperature is about 40 ℃, which is very hot. The temperature of the valley bottom decreases with the decrease of altitude because the sunlight can't or seldom shine on it. The average temperature of the valley bottom decreases by 2-3 ℃ for every 100 meters, which makes the temperature of the valley bottom about 25 ℃, which is very cool and pleasant. This is the unique inversion climate characteristic of the canyon in the nature reserve.

Protected objects

Botany

Mayanghe National Nature Reserve is located in the mid subtropical monsoon climate zone with a forest coverage rate of 63.74%. Due to the superior natural conditions and the effective implementation of natural forest protection project, closing hillsides for afforestation project, returning farmland to forest project and forest fire prevention project, the natural vegetation restoration in the reserve is very good. In many areas, Quercus variabilis, Schima superba, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and other tree species have formed a large area of young forests, masson pine, cypress, fir, cherry, Populus tomentosa also appear in large numbers, the natural ecological environment in the area has rapidly transformed into a benign one, and the habitat of biological species, especially the black leaf monkey, has been effectively improved. More than 800 species of vascular plants belonging to 293 genera and 120 families are distributed in the reserve. Taxus chinensis, Taxus chinensis var. mairei and Ginkgo biloba are listed as national first level key protected wild plants; cycadium cycadium, Taxus chinensis, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Amentotaxus fortunei, xiangguoshu, Phoebe, Cinnamomum camphora, Cymbidium odoratum, beech, Phoebe runnanensis, decadentate flower and other 12 species are listed as national second level key protected wild plants; cycadium, Hanlan, Bletilla striata, shrimp ridge orchid, Dendrobium, Gastrodia elata, garlic and other rare orchids are listed as national second level key protected wild plants There are more than 20 species.

animal

Mayang River National Nature Reserve is mainly to protect the national level I key protected wild animals, black leaf monkey and its habitat. After scientific investigation, there are more than 300 kinds of precious wild animals in the reserve, including 37 kinds of mammals, 149 kinds of birds, 32 kinds of amphibians and reptiles, 48 kinds of fish. There are three kinds of national first level key protected wild animals, namely, black leaf monkey, leopard and musk deer; and national second level key protected wild animals, namely, black bear and big civet

There are 27 species, such as macaque, gazelle, pangolin, white crowned pheasant and red bellied pheasant. The forest vegetation in the two valleys of Mayang River Nature Reserve is well preserved and rich in wild animal and plant resources. It is an important gene bank of wild animal and plant resources and has important scientific research and social and economic value.

Management organization

Management measures

The administration of the reserve also widely publicizes the work progress, forest resources and natural landscape of the reserve through various media such as television, newspapers and periodicals. CCTV news 30 sub column, international channel news column, Guizhou TV discovery Guizhou column, news column, etc. have repeatedly reported the scientific research of Mayang River reserve and the protection and management of black leaf monkey.

Management facilities

Approved by Guizhou Provincial Planning Commission in 1997, the first phase of infrastructure construction of the reserve was carried out, with a total investment of 5.58 million yuan, including 3 million yuan of non operating funds of Guizhou Provincial Planning Commission and 2.58 million yuan of local supporting facilities. The office building of the Reserve Management Bureau, staff dormitory, sign gate of the reserve, Daheba management station, etc. were built, and forest patrol vehicles, work vehicles and some communication office facilities were purchased It provides the initial conditions for the management, protection and scientific research of the reserve. In 2004, with the support of FFI project of International Wildlife Protection Association, experts at home and abroad and researchers from Guizhou Province participated in the current situation investigation project of black leaf monkey protection. In 2005, the State Forestry Administration approved to build 300 square meters of animal rescue room, 500 square meters of animal cage, 5 new fire prevention observation platforms, 600 square meters of scientific research and education room, meteorological observation station, hydrological monitoring station, black leaf monkey monitoring point, etc., with a total investment of 7.76 million yuan, including 6.21 million yuan in the central budget and 1.55 million yuan in the local budget.

Main attractions

The scenery after erosion

Carbonate rocks are distributed in the reserve, and karst landforms are developed. Due to long-term corrosion and erosion, various kinds of residual landscapes are formed. Some of the rock masses are overlapped like swords, and some of the rocks are unique, like Hosta and Luoji.

Chasm View

Mayang River and Hongdu River are 6

Chinese PinYin : Ma Yang He Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu