Xiaoshangqiao

Xiaoshangqiao is located on the xiaoshanghe River (the old road of Yinghe River) at the junction of Linying county and Yancheng District, Luohe City, Henan Province. Xiaoshanghe was named after the king of Shang in ancient times. The bridge was named after the river, and the river was famous for the bridge. Xiaoshangqiao is a national AAAA scenic spot

Xiaoshangqiao

Xiaoshangqiao is located on the xiaoshanghe River (the old road of Yinghe River) at the junction of Linying county and Yancheng District, Luohe City, Henan Province. Xiaoshanghe was named after the king of Shang in ancient times. The bridge was named after the river, and the river was famous for the bridge. Xiaoshangqiao was built in the fourth year of kaihuang (584) of Sui Dynasty, with a history of more than 1400 years.

Xiaoshang bridge is an ancient arch bridge with single arch and open shoulder. The main structure of the existing bridge belongs to the architectural style of the Northern Song Dynasty. The parallel masonry method is used. The main arch and the transverse joints of the small arches on both sides are made of 20 arch stones. The arch joints are reinforced longitudinally with waist iron. The bridge foundation, the face, the breast board, the railing and other parts retain the exquisite stone carvings of the past dynasties. Xiaoshang bridge has beautiful shape, reasonable structure, fine workmanship, gorgeous carving, long construction history and high historical, scientific and artistic value. It is an important material for studying the development history of ancient Chinese bridges.

On June 25, 2001, xiaoshangqiao was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

In 2014, xiaoshangqiao scenic spot won the national 4A scenic spot.

Historical evolution

Xiaoshangqiao is located on the xiaoshanghe River (the old road of Yinghe River) at the junction of Linying county and Yancheng District, Luohe City, Henan Province. Xiaoshanghe was named after the king of Shang in ancient times. The bridge was named after the river, and the river was famous for the bridge. Xiaoshangqiao was built in the fourth year of kaihuang (584) of Sui Dynasty, with a history of more than 1400 years.

In Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt in Dade period of Yuan Dynasty (1297-1307), Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), and Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty (1675).

In September 1982, Mao Yisheng, a Chinese Bridge expert, once sent a three person investigation team to inspect the site and concluded that the bridge was built in Sui Qie slightly earlier than Anji bridge (Zhaozhou Bridge) in Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province.

In January 1992, Mr. Luo Zhewen, a cultural relic expert from the State Administration of cultural relics of China, inspected the Xiaoshang bridge and confirmed that it was built in the Sui Dynasty.

In 1992, xiaoshangqiao scenic spot was established. It is located 12 kilometers south of Linying County, Luohe City, 870 kilometers south of huangdimiao Township, 107 national highway. Relying on the ancient bridge, the scenic spot embodies the cultural landscape with revolutionary traditional education as the main line, and is a community of ancient buildings. The main scenic spots are xiaoshangqiao, yangzaixing cemetery, Yueyang palace, Zhonglie hall, xiaoshangqiao ancient battlefield, etc.

In 1995, the State Administration of cultural relics of the people's Republic of China set up a project to overhaul xiaoshangqiao.

In 2014, xiaoshangqiao scenic spot won the national 4A scenic spot.

Architectural features

Xiaoshangqiao was originally located on the official road of ancient China, and it was a key link between the north and the south. Due to its reasonable structure and good material selection, the bridge has been maintained for many times in Wude of Tang Dynasty, Dade of Yuan Dynasty, Huangqing of Yuan Dynasty and Kangxi of Qing Dynasty.

Xiaoshang bridge is an ancient arch bridge with single arch and open shoulder. Experts infer that it is an experimental bridge of Anji bridge (Zhaozhou Bridge).

The main structure of the existing bridge belongs to the architectural style of the Northern Song Dynasty. The parallel masonry method is used. The main arch and the transverse joints of the small arches on both sides are made of 20 arch stones. The arch joints are reinforced longitudinally with waist iron. The bridge foundation, the face, the breast board, the railing and other parts retain the exquisite stone carvings of the past dynasties.

Xiaoshang bridge is made of red sandstone because of its arch, bridge foundation and wild goose wings. On the foundation of the middle bridge hole, four statues of Vajra are carved in relief, with a vivid manner. Animals such as dragon, tiger, lion and Tianma are carved on the middle hole arches, as well as patterns such as lotus. At the junction of the main arch and the small arches on both sides, one dragon head is carved with round carving technique, extending to the river on both sides.

Cultural relics

overview

Xiaoshang bridge is a stone arch bridge with open shoulder and single hole, which runs from north to south. The bridge is composed of one main arch and two web arches. The main arch and the small arches on both sides are built with 20 red arch stones in parallel, and the arches are reinforced with waist iron in the longitudinal direction.

pier

The piers of Xiaoshang bridge are made of polished six layer stone strips with smooth surface and neat masonry. After measurement, the piers on both sides are still on the same horizontal line, and no uneven settlement is found.

Bridge body

Xiaoshang bridge is 21.3 meters long and 6.45 meters wide. The main arch has a clear span of 12.14m and a rise height of 3.06M. The thickness of the arch is 0.6 m, and there are two layers of arch stones on it, which are 0.25 m wide and 1.5 m long. The two hole arch has a clear span of 2.83M, a rise height of 1.02M and an arch thickness of 0.5m.

deck

The deck of Xiaoshang bridge is paved with bluestone, with a total of 28 watchposts. There are 26 balustrades between the pillars, engraved with the inscriptions of donations from all walks of life to repair the bridge at that time. Most of the existing components of xiaoshangqiao are relics of the song and Jin Dynasties. The face of the securities, the pillar and the fence are exquisite stone carvings of the Song Dynasty.

relief

On both sides of the main arch and abdominal arch of the Xiaoshang bridge are carved with patterns of Tianma Caiyun, Yunlong, lotus, peony and triangle geometry. The relief on the Longmen stone in the middle of the main arch is a legendary water absorbing beast. It's called Taotie. In addition, at the junction of the main arch and the abdominal arch, there is a beast head protruding from each other, with the Dragon at the north end and the turtle at the south end.

The stone relief of the Xiaoshang bridge has Tianma, lion, lotus and geometric patterns. On the top of the arch is a beast, which extends out of the bridge. At the lower four corners of the pier, there are high relief statues of Vajra, carrying arches on both shoulders and hands. The two legs are in the shape of carrying arches. The size is about one foot. The shape is vivid and the style is simple.

There are lions, lotus flowers and peaches carved on the head of the pillar. There are water, fish, turtle, lotus, peony, window lattice and other patterns carved on the fence between the pillars.

History and culture

Arts and culture

In the 10th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1140), the Jin people invaded the south. Yue Fei went north from Xiangyang and fought with the Jin soldiers in Yancheng. However, he received the gold medal from Lin'an, the capital, for his class to return to Beijing. Within three days, he received 11 more gold medals. In his grief and indignation, Yue Fei stepped onto the small commercial bridge and chanted "the red river full of rage" tragically: "with rage, the rain stops at the fence. Look up at the eyes, look up at the sky, roar, Zhuang Huai fierce. Thirty years of fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of road, cloud and moon. Don't wait, white youth head, empty sad. Jingkang shame, still not snow; Minister hate, when to die? Drive a long car to break through, Helan Mountain lack. Ambition hungry food Hu Lu meat, laughing thirst drink Hun blood. To start from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and face the sky "Pinglan Chu" in this poem refers to xiaoshangqiao.

Legends and anecdotes

Next to the Xiaoshang bridge is Yang Zaixing's mausoleum. Yang Zaixing, a famous anti Jin general of the Southern Song Dynasty, was killed here. Xiaoshang river was originally the ancient Yinghe river. It is said that it was named after the king of Shang in ancient times.

In the 10th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1140), Yang Zaixing, deputy commander of Yue Fei, led 300 troops to fight with 120000 Jin soldiers in xiaoshangqiao. Yang Zaixing was eager to catch Wu. When he wanted to cross the Xiaoshang River, his horse was trapped in the mud and was shot to death by the Jin soldiers. Yue Fei wept and sacrificed again. He burned his body. His ashes were buried on the North Bank of the river. He carved a tombstone in front of his grave. Therefore, both sides of the xiaoshanghe river became the ancient battlefields of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Publishing books

History of ancient bridge technology in China Edited by Mao Yisheng.

Cultural relic value

Xiaoshang bridge has beautiful shape, reasonable structure, fine workmanship, gorgeous carving, long construction history and high historical, scientific and artistic value. It is an important material for studying the development history of ancient Chinese bridges.

The carved patterns on both sides of the main arch and abdominal arch of Xiaoshang bridge are strange, simple and exquisite, which provide important and rich material materials for the study of ancient Chinese stone carving art.

Cultural relics protection

In 1986, xiaoshangqiao was declared as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Henan provincial government.

In March 1987, xiaoshangqiao was announced as the second batch of cultural relics protection units in Henan Province.

On June 25, 2001, xiaoshangqiao was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Tourism information

geographical position

Xiaoshangqiao is located on the xiaoshanghe River (the old road of Yinghe River) at the junction of Linying county and Yancheng District, Luohe City, Henan Province.

Opening Hours

Summer: 8:30-18:30

Spring, autumn and winter: 8:30-18:00

Ticket Price

Ticket price: 40 yuan / piece, half price: 20 yuan / piece.

Free ticket conditions: children under 1.2 meters in height; disabled people, active servicemen, disabled servicemen, elderly people over 70 years old, travel agency managers and tour guides with valid relevant certificates; journalists with press cards issued by the State Administration of press and publication.

Half price ticket purchase conditions: children with height of 1.2 (including) - 1.4 meters; full time students (except graduate students) with student card; 60-69 years old with ID card or senior citizen card.

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Shang Qiao