Ninggu site

Ninggu site

Ninggu site is located in Ninggu Town, 6 kilometers south of Anshun City. It was the ancient county seat of Han Dynasty, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The site is divided into three parts: architecture, pottery kiln and tombs. It covers an area of about 100000 square meters, and unearthed some important cultural relics, such as Muli, Changle Weiyang tile and so on, which have important research value for the Western Han Dynasty Central Government's ruling power in Southwest China. In June 2006, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

unearthed relic

A large number of Han Dynasty cultural relics, such as milk nail geometric pattern square brick, Qin banliang, Han wuzhu, daquan50 and other round square hole coins, as well as hundreds of gold, bronze, iron, pottery, wood and other military utensils for production and daily use, have been excavated from the site. From the unearthed cultural relics, the site can be inferred from the late Western Han Dynasty (Huaiyang King Liu Xuan) to the early Eastern Han Dynasty (Guangwu emperor Liu Xiu).

Research

In the 1970s, an ancient Han Dynasty site, which had been silent for more than 2000 years, came to the surface. In Ninggu Town, Xixiu District, Anshun City, a large number of Han Dynasty relics have been excavated continuously, including geometric square bricks, Qin banliang, Han wuzhu, daquan50 and other small coins with round square holes, as well as hundreds of gold, bronze, iron, pottery, wood and other production and living utensils. Later, this small area became a treasure house for Guizhou to investigate and study the history of Han Dynasty. In particular, the tiles, iron mirrors and bronze tortoise lanterns unearthed in 1996 are official special items from the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This excavation also found the only wooden tablet in Guizhou for the first time. After more than 30 years of continuous efforts, 32 Han tombs have been excavated. Experts have determined that there are more than 120 Han Tombs in seven or eight villages, such as Dazhai, Longtan, panmeng, Baini, Shangyuan, longtanpo, Longquan Temple, and paomadi. It is estimated that there are more than 1000 Han Tombs. In the south of Longquan Temple in Shangyuan, there are 5000 square meters brick kilns, and the main building is pottery kilns. Under the open fields in the southwest of Longquan Temple, there is a 9-year-old tomb The site of the building complex covers an area of 10000 square meters.

Such a trinity of Han Dynasty sites is rare in the archaeological history of Southwest China. So people put their eyes on the Western Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago. After analyzing a large number of historical data, people put forward such a question: as the first centralized local power in the Han Dynasty, was the governor's office established on this land?

After the unearthed cultural relics and historical records are verified, many experts in the history circle inside and outside the province believe that the Han Dynasty site found in Ninggu, Anshun, is undoubtedly the largest Han Dynasty site in ancient Guizhou with large scale, high specification, wide range and strong flavor of Han culture. According to the records of Huayang state, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population status of the Prefecture was 24219 households with a population of 153360 in the Western Han Dynasty and 31523 households with a population of 167252 in the Eastern Han Dynasty. From today's point of view, although the county has a wide jurisdiction, its population is limited. Such a place with 90000 square meters of construction sites as Ninggu is unique in Guizhou. Therefore, it can be inferred that Ninggu was a large-scale population settlement at that time, and it already had the scale of a county city, that is to say, Ninggu should be the capital of Jue county.

Like Yelang, Yao is an important symbol in the ancient history of Anshun. If we regard the establishment of the Han Dynasty as a cultural highland, its evolution process is full of twists and turns in the hundreds of years before and after that.

Historical evolution

In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 B.C.) of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Western Han Empire opened its territory to the southwest and sent troops to destroy the state of Nanyue. It returned to the army to eliminate the state of Qilan, but did not eliminate the state of Yelang. Before issuing the seal of Yelang king, it set up a county in Yelang, which was the Central Plains County system. So the first centralized local government appeared on this land. In 28-25 B.C., after Chen Li, the prefect of Yao county, killed Yelang Wang Xing, the history of Yelang kingdom came to an end, and Yao county completely replaced Yelang kingdom.

In general, the setting scope of Jue county is the scope of Gu Yelang. According to the records of Hanshu and Houhanshu, 17 counties were under the jurisdiction of Western Han Dynasty and 16 counties were under the jurisdiction of Eastern Han Dynasty. The scope is basically the same, including the west of Guizhou today, the northwest corner of Guangxi, the present Baise area of Guangxi, and the southeast of Yunnan. Anshun Fu Zhi said that "it is almost the whole of Guizhou, one fourth of Yunnan and one fifth of southern Guangdong".

After more than 400 years in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, Anshun, as the capital of the county, played an irreplaceable role in the Southwest Territory of the Han Empire and was always the center of politics, economy and culture.

The history of the county is another important historical stage after the Yelang kingdom in Anshun. In the fierce social changes, the people living in this land fought against nature tenaciously and created remarkable culture. Ninggu ancient Han site provides us with the basic information of social and economic life in Han Dynasty. It shows that Anshun in Han Dynasty has entered the bronze age. There are many kinds of Han Dynasty bronzes found in the area under the jurisdiction of Han Dynasty. The tools of production are: plutonium, hoe, plough, plough, plough, chisel; weapons are: Ge, spear, arrowhead; daily use is: handrail, scallop storage; musical instruments are: bell, drum, horn button; miscellaneous use is: knife, drill, fishhook. In addition, there are hooks, armor, arms, buttons, bells, bracelets, earrings, hairpins, hats and other decorations. It shows that bronzes in the Western Han Dynasty have been widely used in production, life, military and other aspects of society. From the beginning of Emperor Wu, with the development of the southwest in the Han Dynasty, a large number of immigrants came to Guizhou, bringing advanced culture and great changes in productivity.

Agriculture is the main economy of China. The main crop is rice. The archaeological department not only found the remains of rice and soybean in the tombs of the indigenous people in Northwest Guizhou from the Warring States period to the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, but also unearthed a paddy field rice model from the tomb of the Han Dynasty in Xingyi, which was under the jurisdiction of the county at that time. According to the biography of Southwest Yi in historical records, its land is "vertebral knot, cultivated land, and there are cities gathering.". According to the records of Huayang state, the people here are "the land of she mountain". It is recorded in Hanshu that the gouting state, which is under the jurisdiction of juanjun, once "entered suqianhu" to the Han Dynasty. It is also said that when the Han army fought against Yelang, it adopted the method of "attacking its waterways". All these are enough to prove the development of agricultural civilization.

In the sixth year of Yuanguang (129 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided to open up the southwest Yi Road and form a passage from Bashu to Nanyue via Yelang. The improvement of transportation and the rise of Yiju are the basis of Yelang's commercial activities. There are commercial contacts between Zhuo and Bashu, and between Nanyue and Sichuan. The half Liang coin and the five baht coin unearthed from the Han Dynasty Tombs in Ninggu are also a kind of evidence of the foreign business contacts of Zhuo.

Archaeological excavation over the years has proved that the manufacturing industry of Zhuo has a fairly high level. A large number of unearthed bronzes and lacquerware are exquisitely made, beautifully shaped and decorated. During the construction of Hongfenghu reservoir from 1956 to 1958, the Department of cultural relics and Archaeology excavated a number of Han Dynasty Tombs in yalongba and yinguan, where Qingzhen and Pingba were connected. Among them, three lacquer ear cups and two lacquer plates were unearthed from yalongba. According to the inscriptions on them, they were imperial objects for the royal family. They were the great surnames of long, Fu, Yin, and Dong, who belonged to Guang at the turn of Han Dynasty Liu Xiu, Emperor Wu, was rewarded. It can be seen that there was a prosperous scene in the Han Dynasty, with Anshun as the center two thousand years ago.

Address: Ninggu Town, Xixiu District, Anshun City, Guizhou Province

Longitude: 105.97035268

Latitude: 26.20793634813

Chinese PinYin : Ning Gu Yi Zhi