Nuomuhong farm

Nuomuhong farm

It is 150 kilometers west of ridexi in dulanxiang. It is an oasis inlaid in Qaidam Basin. Turn north from national highway 109 to Nuomuhong Township and Nuomuhong farm. Nuomuhong farm has a history of more than 40 years. It is a reform through labor farm in Qinghai Province. The whole farm is only three or four kilometers wide from north to south, but nearly 20 kilometers long from east to west. Hawa village on the edge of Qaidam Basin is a Mongolian inhabited area. It is full of wild seabuckthorn forest and red seabuckthorn fruit. Hippophae rhamnoides is a kind of seaborne plant, which is an extremely tenacious shrub. It is resistant to drought, salt and alkali. It can not only resist wind and sand, but also become a shelter for wild animals.

brief introduction

geographical position

In the early 1950's, the south edge of Nuomuhong area is the boundless Gobi sand beach. In the middle and north of Nuomuhong area, sandbags are everywhere, with grass and willows, wild animals, sparsely populated, mosquitoes gathering, sandstorm raging, less rain and drought in summer, scorching sun, and extremely cold in winter.

Establishment of the farm

In 1955, in response to the call of the national development of the northwest, a group of cadres from all parts of the motherland, mainly from the people's Liberation Army, came to support the economic construction of Qinghai. This group of heroes who had fought in the South and North and made contributions to the motherland in the hail of bullets took off their military uniform and called to Qaidam in Qinghai. These veterans and cadres account for 75% of the cadres and workers in Nuomuhong farm. They still carry forward the glorious tradition of revolutionary heroism of the PLA and fight for the development of Qaidam agriculture.

Early days

When he arrived at Nuomuhong, it was near the end of autumn and the beginning of winter. At the same time, he brought a group of prisoners with him. Under the condition of no housing and no prison, the commander ordered him to set up a tent and arrange accommodation by himself. With the help of the local Mongolian brothers, he initially settled down. The initial construction of large-scale farms started from then on. First of all, we have a very bad climate in the basin, with drought and little rain. There are six or seven months of wind season in a year. In the middle of the night, the tent was blown upside down and away, and everyone became "tuxingsun". In the hot summer, because there are large marshes and Tamarix, Achnatherum splendens and sandbags all over the north edge of Nuomuhong area, there are many mosquitoes. They are like clouds of smoke. They make people's faces red and itchy. In addition, the domestic water is only a small river in Nuomuhong, and weeds, sheep manure and eggs are often floating in the water. In this difficult environment, people must have firm belief, otherwise it is inevitable to shake their minds. As a result, the leaders of the field promptly mobilized "exploration, production, construction, accumulation and expansion" in accordance with the instructions of the higher authorities, and carried out a strong ideological education, calling on everyone to continue to carry forward the spirit of hard work, hard work and "one is not afraid of hardship, two is not afraid of death", and "settle down, take root, blossom and bear fruit, build a new home, and rebuild meritorious deeds for the country and the people".

Hard work can sharpen one's will. A small number of young people from Shanghai, Sichuan and other places have taken off their white and tender skin in the wind and sun, and become rough Qaidam men. In order to take root in peace and change the environment for a long time, the leaders of the field arranged some people to split mountains and Open Canals in time. With perseverance and fearless spirit of fighting heaven and earth, they are working hard to open up wasteland, repair canals, build houses and produce. They are working hard to open up oases and produce grain and oil for the country and Qinghai.

Nuomuhong farm was founded in October 1955. How to reclaim this sand bag, which is cold, dry, saline, overgrown with weeds, rolling up to several meters, more than ten meters, more than 20 meters, and can't see its head at a glance, into a granary in the west? The only natural condition available here is a Nomuhong river with a flow rate of 4 to 5 cubic meters per second. To this end, all the staff first focused on two major tasks: first, opening mountains and repairing canals to bring the only river water from the nanshankou, 29 kilometers away from the farm, into the trunk and branch canals to irrigate farmland; second, large-scale reclamation of wasteland according to local conditions, so as to open and improve the wasteland while planting grain for the country. It can be seen that the task is arduous.

At that time, there was no machinery, only with human hands and some simple primitive farm tools. Reclamation had to revolve around the sandbags. Under such conditions, our pioneers fought day and night in the fields, fearless of hardship and tiredness. With the spirit of hard struggle, more than 10000 mu of farmland was reclaimed in those years, and more than 30000 mu of arable farmland was reclaimed in three years, initially producing more than 3 million jin of wheat for the country.

With the development of production, in order to continuously improve the yield and build a state-owned farm suitable for mechanized farming, people are faced with large sandbags everywhere, because tractors can not revolve around sandbags in one or two acres of small fields. To this end, the whole court mobilized to declare war on the big and small sandbags. In the absence of machinery, everyone put forward their ideas and suggestions. The local method was adopted to remove the sandbags and turn them into good farmland. Everyone made use of the local wild Hippophae rhamnoides to weave baskets and make unicycles, and launched a vigorous battle. Car push, people lift, shoulder carry, people back, leading the masses together, it is really a "Yugong Yishan". Inspired by the spirit of "leeches gnawing at bones", more than 4100 sandbags of different sizes have been removed by hundreds or thousands of manpower. People live in cellars, eat cold steamed buns, drink cold water, endure hardships and sweat in the scorching sun, high cold and hypoxia, salt and alkali drought, wind and sand. There are so many mosquitoes here. With its sensitive sense of smell and the smell of human sweat, you can't defend yourself. You can fly around people day and night, and it's useless to keep your hands away and beat them. You need to find a high place to solve the problem in the wild, and you need to keep beating your buttocks with your hands. In order to make people get rid of this suffering, each person was given a two meter long white gauze mask and hand wrap. At this time, you only need to look at it from a high place, like a white fairy coming down to earth. In addition, some cadres hold a pair of yak tail to whisk the mosquito, just like the Avalokitesvara floating in the lower world, which is a unique landscape of Qaidam. The wind can repel mosquitoes, but sometimes the wind is generally at level 7 or 8, which makes people blind. There is also the "black wind" above level 9, which is called "sandstorm" in meteorology. It is covered with sand and dust like Mount Tai, covering the sky and the earth. You can't see five fingers in a moment. In the field, you can't distinguish East, West, North and South. When you finish work, you can't find a place to live. You have to walk hand in hand. Some people crawl on the ground, some fall into the canal and become "drowned chickens", and some people hide in sandbags until the wind stops To return to the team.

One year, two years, three years and five years have passed, and 63000 mu of arable land has been reclaimed and displayed in front of us. At that time, most of the comrades who did not have a family accounted for the majority. It was not until the late 1950s and early 1960s that they slowly found a spouse from the mainland and settled down here together, living a hard life together. Until the 1970s, every family lived in semi underground caves or simple civil buildings, with people sleeping on the earth Kang and a table on the earth platform. They worked hard with their lovers and children and dedicated their youth to Qaidam. Some of them devoted their whole lives to this land.

Over the past 40 years since its establishment, Nuomuhong farm has become a base for both reforming criminals and producing grain and oil under the guidance of the party's reform through labor policy of "transformation first and production second". Now, along the Qinghai Tibet highway to the north of 635 km, a green ribbon with a length of 30 km and a width of 3.5 km has been formed. A close look at the "desert oasis" built by a concrete slab yard, the green and straight main canal on both sides and the gurgling water running to the north. Today's farm has 63000 mu of arable land and 5156 mu of shelterbelt.

Like the whole Qaidam, this area has a special climate. The annual rainfall is only 40 mm, while the evaporation is 2800 mm. The average annual sunshine is 3250 hours. The temperature difference between day and night is large. The average temperature is 4.3 ℃. The frost free period is 90-120 days. There are 48 times of wind above level 8 in a year, and the temperature is sometimes around 32 ℃ from noon to 5 pm. It is known as "wearing cotton padded clothes in the morning, wearing yarn in the afternoon, eating watermelon around the fire" Say. With the development of farms and a large number of afforestation, the microclimate has been continuously improved.

achievement

In order to produce more grain for the country, in the second stage, the period of high-yield innovation, the farm gave full play to the role of a small number of existing agricultural scientific and technological personnel, acted in strict accordance with the laws of nature, and constantly studied the experience of fighting against itself. Therefore, the Party committee issued a mobilization order, and the whole farm set off a major improvement and leveling, focusing on laying a good foundation for bumper harvest and high yield This is the climax of construction. Because of the drought and less rain here, the improved saline alkali land must be irrigated with water and alkali. Therefore, the land must be leveled, and the farmland must be turned into 2-3 Mu garden land. The whole 63000 Mu arable farmland has been leveled once in two years by manpower and machinery, just like the paddy field in the south. When irrigated in winter and spring, the whole field is like a water town. In summer, the farmland is green and luxuriant. This is the success of entrepreneurs in transforming the western desert into a paddy field in the south of the Yangtze River.

Practice has proved that high yield can be achieved by making full use of the long average sunshine and sufficient water and fertilizer in Qaidam. On this basis, the large-scale promotion, the whole field realized ten thousand mu thousand catty field, the average increase of the whole field was 650 catties, the total output remained at about 27-29 million catties, the highest year total output reached 30.3 million catties, which won the light for Chaidamu people and Qinghai. And attracted senior agricultural science and technology experts from all over the country to visit.

The scientific practice of high yield of wheat has fully demonstrated

Chinese PinYin : Nuo Mu Hong Nong Chang