Sanxi Hall

Sanxi hall is the study of Emperor Qianlong, the Emperor Gaozong Hongli of the Qing Dynasty. It is also the most obvious sign left by the owner of Yangxin hall. It is located in the xinuan Pavilion of Yangxin hall in the Palace Museum. It was originally named greenhouse, but later changed to Sanxi hall. Sanxi hall is not only famous for storing Sanxi ink treasures, but also displays a large number of exquisite handicrafts and study utensils made at that time. The name of the plaque of "Sanxi hall" written by Emperor Qianlong, and the couplets of "embracing the past and the present, deeply caring about tuohaosu" are respectively posted on the top and both sides of the throne. Elegance and delicacy are always full of this narrow space, emitting a strong scholarly atmosphere.

Sanxi Hall

Sanxi hall was the study of Emperor Qianlong in ancient times. The scholars hope to become sages, sages hope to become sages, sages hope to become people who know heaven, that is, to encourage themselves to pursue unremittingly and encourage themselves to work hard.

The study is called "Sanxi hall". In 1746 ad, there were three collections of the great calligrapher of Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi's "Qingtie in the snow", Wang Xianzhi's "Zhongqiu tie" and Wang Xun's "Boyuan tie". In 1750 A.D., sanxitang also collected 134 works of famous artists in the later Jin Dynasty, including 340 ink and 495 rubbings.

Palace Museum Architecture

name

Sanxi hall, located in the West warm Pavilion of Yangxin Hall of the Palace Museum, was originally called greenhouse, and later changed to Sanxi hall. It is the study of Emperor Qianlong, the Emperor Gaozong Hongli of the Qing Dynasty, and also the most obvious sign left by him as the owner of Yangxin hall. The plaque of "San Xi Tang" and the ink of "San Xi Tang Ji" written by Emperor Qianlong are still hanging on the wall. The couplets on both sides of the plaque are "embracing the past and looking at the present; deeply trusting Haosu" (Haosu refers to calligraphy). In addition, there is a "Sanxi hall" in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, which has a collection of "Qingtie in the snow". Sanxi hall began in Qianlong Dynasty, and has never changed since Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuantong dynasties. It still remains its original appearance.

meaning

According to its original meaning, there are two interpretations of "three Xi": one is "Shi Xi Xian, Xian Xi Sheng, Sheng Xi Tian". That is the hope of scholars

To be a sage, a sage wants to be a saint, and a sage wants to be a man who knows heaven. "Three Xi" is to encourage their unremitting pursuit, diligence and self encouragement. The second explanation is "cherish". In ancient Chinese, "Xi" is the same as "rare", and "three Xi" are three rare treasures. At that time, the two meanings were equally important. Emperor Qianlong was a man of literary and military strategy, erudite and knowledgeable. He was good at poetry and especially calligraphy. He had sought famous stickers from all over the country for many times. In 1746 ad, he collected the great calligrapher of Jin Dynasty Wang Xizhi's "Qingtie in the snow", Wang Xianzhi's "zhongqiutie" and Wang Xun's "boyuantie". These three ancient ink treasures were cherished by Emperor Qianlong and were specially stored here for playing from time to time. In 1750, sanxitang collected 134 famous artists, 340 ink and 495 rubbings.

From 1747 A.D. to 1750 A.D., Emperor Qianlong ordered Liang Shizheng, the Minister of Li Department, and Jiang Pu, the Minister of Hu Department, to select the essence of the calligraphy works collected in neifu and engrave them into "sanxitang Shiqu Baoji Sutra" (sanxitang Sutra for short). The calligraphy is divided into 32 volumes, with more than 500 pieces of carved stone. More than 300 pieces of calligraphy works of 135 calligraphers from Wei, Jin to the end of Ming Dynasty are collected. Because the "three Xi" are included in the calligraphy, and the place where the three rare treasures are collected is also known as Sanxi hall, so the calligraphy is named "Sanxi hall calligraphy". After completion, only dozens of books were given to the favorite minister. Later, in the 17th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, Fu carefully selected five volumes of ancient celebrities' Dharma books from the palace collection and engraved them with stone. At this point, sanxitang sutra was completed. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was widely spread. The original inscription is embedded in the wall of the ancient reading building in Beihai Park, Beijing.

Later, "Sanxi" experienced a lot of vagrancy in modern times. After leaving the palace in 1951, the master of Siyi's "zhongqiutie" and "boyuantie" were purchased by the state and sent back to the Palace Museum, which has been hidden in the Palace Museum in Beijing. At this time, 27 years have passed since "Erxi" left the Forbidden City, and the Sanxi hall still retains the same appearance as it used to be, but the "Sanxi" post has not been able to come back together. The ill fated post of "quick snow when clear" wandered most of China, but eventually it was exiled to Taiwan thousands of miles away. It is now hidden in the Palace Museum in Taipei, where there is a copy of Sanxi hall.

brief introduction

Sanxi hall is only about 4.8 square meters, but the furnishings are elegant and simple, which makes up for the lack of space: the long and narrow interior is divided into two small rooms, the north and the south, with nanmu carved partition fans, and one of them is equipped with Qianlong imperial study utensils on the windowsill. Under the windowsill, there is a high and low Kang which can sit and lie down. Qianlong's throne is located in the East and west of the high Kang. The name of the plaque of "Sanxi hall" written by Emperor Qianlong, and the couplets of "embracing the past and the present, deeply caring about tuohaosu" are respectively posted on the top and both sides of the throne. The colorful porcelain wall bottle on the low Kang wall and the nanmu wooden box of sanxitang Sutra under the wall bottle were fully captured by the large glass mirror on the opposite wall, and the small room suddenly opened up. In addition, the story of Sanxi hall is framed by Qianlong's imperial pen, the painting of Wang Xizhi's learning calligraphy by Jin tingbiao, the song of Sanxi hall by Shen Deqian, and Dong Bangda's mountain painting are posted on the wall

Water paintings add infinite charm to Sanxi hall.

Sanxi hall is not only famous for storing Sanxi ink treasures, but also displays a large number of exquisite handicrafts and study utensils made at that time. Elegance and delicacy are always full of this narrow space, emitting a strong scholarly atmosphere. While appreciating and praising, the audience will never forget to return.

display

Couplet

Sanxi hall is the study of Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty. It is not large in area, but it is grand, solemn, bright and clean. In several cases, Yu Ruyi was on the left and a copper heater was on the right. There is a couplet on the wall. The first couplet is "embracing the past and the present", and the second couplet is "deeply caring for the Emperor Qianlong". The couplet is natural and simple, showing the author's high huaiyixing, who is knowledgeable about the past and knows how to write.

"Deep heart tuohaosu" comes from Yan Yanzhi's "five kings chant - Xiang Chang Shi":

Xiang Xiu is willing and indifferent, and deeply cares about tuohaosu.

To explore the profound, to read the books, to despise the chapters and sentences.

Jiao Lv is both Hongxuan and pan Ji is also Fengju.

Wandering in the river, pathetic Shanyang Fu.

Xiang Changshi is Xiang Xiu, one of the Seven Sages in the bamboo grove. "Deep heart tuohaosu", Haosu is also Haosu, haotonghao is the synonym of pen and paper. In Lu Ji's Wenfu, there is a saying that "the wind of thinking comes from the heart, and the spring of speech flows from the lips and teeth; luxuriant and luxuriant are drawn by Haosu only". It can also be used to explain poetry and literary works, or to study knowledge. Du Fu's song of Fengxian Liu Shaofu's new painting of mountains and waters has "knowing the king and valuing Haosu"; Wang Zhi's song of presenting mountains and waters to Yang Xijie has "coming to show Haosu and dazzling Splendor"; Peng sunhui's song of Zhang Duwei's painting of horses has "revealing when he was young and full of ambition and seeing Haosu". Qianlong's borrowing in "sanxitang" refers to his calligraphy works, which means that he devoted himself to paper and ink strokes.

"Shenxin tuohaosu" has a profound meaning, which has always been favored by celebrities, and many celebrities have borrowed it. Lu Zhenbai, a modern literati, wrote a poem on painting: "painting is precious. Only when you paint from life can you get the natural interest.". In his chest, Qiu he deeply cares about the essence of his life. A tree and a stone should be noted by God. If you are good at painting, you will be good at writing, and the truth will be correct. This old man is good at calligraphy, but painting is aided by calligraphy. Point between the sparse rock, simple force can go. He is willing to learn Handan steps. Straight section allows sincerity, really kill can day Sue

Zheng Banqiao uses Yan Yanzhi's poems as the first couplet. He talks about writing books with concentration. The second couplet talks about attitude and methods, and points out that he should pay attention to literary talent.

"Embracing the past and the present" comes from Xie Lingyun's Zhaizhong reading poems, which means appreciating the ancient and the present sages with a broad mind.

In the past, I visited Beijing, but never abandoned the hills.

He is returning to the mountains and rivers, and his heart is lonely.

There is no dispute in the empty hall, and birds come from the empty court.

Lie fast, rich leisure, calligraphy time.

Look at the past and the present. Banter at the bedtime show.

Both laugh and drown. And the cloud Pavilion.

Holding the halberd is also tiring. How happy is farming.

Everything is hard and happy. Dasheng is lucky.

Yan Yanzhi, born in Linyi, Langya, is a famous poet in the northern and Southern Dynasties. He is as famous as Xie Lingyun, the founder of Shanshui school. Emperor Qianlong skillfully borrowed the famous sentence "Yan Xie" of the same generation to integrate a couplet with his own paper plaque of "San Xi Tang" and "San Xi Tang Ji". It shows the incomparable elegance of Hongli, and can also appreciate his appreciation of the three stickers of "Qing tie in the fast snow", "Zhong Qiu tie" and "Bo Yuan tie".

There are many interpretations of "sanxitang" by later generations, but the original intention of the couplet written by Hongli for "sanxitang" is to collect calligraphy.

Car bottle

The side of the car bottle against the wall is flat, and there is a hole below the bottleneck to hang it. It was originally called the wall bottle, but in the Qing Dynasty it was called the car bottle. The car bottle appeared in the Wanli Dynasty of Ming Dynasty. Emperor Qianlong preferred the car bottle, and there were 14 wall bottles on the east wall of Sanxi hall. It can be seen that the car bottle was one of the good furnishings of Qianlong.

Chinese PinYin : San Xi Tang