Encinitas

Encinitas

Li boat house is a kind of Li residential buildings, popular in Hainan Li residential areas. In order to commemorate the ancestors of the Li people who crossed the sea, the Li people built houses in the shape of boats, which are usually called boat houses because they look like canopies. The ship type house is the oldest dwelling of Li nationality. It can be divided into elevated ship type house and low frame (floor type) ship type house. Its shape is like a boat awning. It is arched with red and white vines. The arched herringbone roof is covered with thick papyrus or sunflower leaves. It almost extends to the ground. From a distance, it looks like a ship with inverted buckle. Its round arch shape is conducive to resist the invasion of typhoon, the overhead structure has the function of moisture-proof, miasma proof and rain proof, and the thatched roof also has good moisture-proof and heat insulation functions. Moreover, it can use local materials and is convenient for demolition and construction. In view of these advantages, the boat house has been handed down from generation to generation.

summary

Boat house is an ancient residential form of Li and Miao people in Hainan Province, which is the crystallization of their ancestors' wisdom. The watchman, known as the spiritual home of Li nationality, has been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list.

brief introduction

Hainan Province is located in the southernmost part of China. Many islands and reefs are distributed in the South and the east of Hainan Island

The vast waters of the national sea. The ethnic minorities living in Hainan are mainly Li and Miao, and most of them live in Wuzhishan in the middle of Hainan Province. It is said that the original residence of Li nationality is an old overhead boat shaped house, which is also called boat shaped house by local people because it is shaped like a boat awning.

With the Han nationality's migration to Hainan and the improvement of productivity, the boat shaped houses of Li nationality have gradually changed, from elevated to low, with the roof extending obliquely to the ground. Literature records: "Li people live in a building with two eaves. Next to the Han people, the door was opened under the eaves, and the walls were made of wood and painted with mud, such as canopies. " Then the roof was changed, with herringbone roof and raised thatch. Because of the hot weather in Hainan, people like outdoor activities, so they like to build porches in front of and behind the houses. It is not only a sideline production place, but also a cool place at night.

Miao people's houses are similar to Li people's houses in general, and most of them are boat houses. The local people like the round arch shape, because it is conducive to resist the invasion of typhoon; the overhead structure also has the function of preventing moisture, miasma and rain; the thatched roof also has good moisture-proof and heat insulation functions; and it can use local materials, and it is also very convenient for demolition and construction. It is because of these advantages that they have been handed down from generation to generation.

legend

There are many moving legends about the history of the boat house. People in the Li and ha dialect areas agree with this legend. There is a slang country in the South China Sea. There is a princess named Danya in China. She married three husbands, all of whom died. It is said that Xiangshi is a broom star. She broke down in her family and died in her country. At that time, the whole city was full of storm and people were in a panic. They all asked for the death of Princess Danya. At this time, Princess Danya was pregnant, and the king could not bear to start. He prepared a boat without rudder and oar, some wine and food, a mountain knife and three jin of grain, and put Princess Danya on the boat. A little yellow dog owned by Princess Danya also followed the boat, and the boat floated into the vast sea in the wind. I don't know how long after that, Princess Danya's boat ran aground on the shore of a desert island. This island is Hainan Island. At that time, there were no people. She saw the high mountains in the distance, and saw groups of monkeys walking through the forest carefree. All the melancholy and fear disappeared. After feasting on rabbits and eggs, Princess Danya settled down on the desert island. In order to avoid the wind and rain and the invasion of wild animals, Princess Danya put up some wooden piles on the beach, then buckled the boat upside down on the wooden piles as the roof, and cut the thatch around. She has a home of her own. During the day, she took little yellow dog to the mountain to fight wild animals and pick wild fruits; at night, she slept in the boat house, and little yellow dog faithfully guarded the door. Later, the board of the boat was rotten, and she cut the thatch to cover the roof. This is the rudiment of the boat shaped house where the Li people lived. But what is more accepted by the majority of Li compatriots is that the ancestors of the Li family came from the mainland coast by wooden boat. After they landed, they had to turn over the boat and cover it on the ground as a house because it was desolate and uninhabited. In order to commemorate their ancestors' ten thousand li migration, their descendants built their own houses like boats. This house is as like as two peas in a distant view, and is named as a boat shaped house.

rule and regulation

The thatched cottage is a landing ship type house, which is long and wide with low eaves. This style is conducive to wind and rain protection. The house is divided into two sections. The door opens to both ends. There are three tall pillars in the middle of the thatched cottage. In Li language, it is called "ge'e". Ge'e symbolizes men, and there are six low pillars on both sides. In Li language, it is called "Ge Ding". Ge Ding symbolizes women, that is, a home is composed of men and women. The walls are made of clay, and the roof is long and narrow with low eaves. Most of the boat shaped houses are 14.7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3.2 meters high. The house is divided into two sections. The walls were square with branches, and then pasted with straw and mud. The front and back doors are made of wood and open to both ends.

protect

Li boat house building technology, selected as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, this is also the first architectural ancient site in Hainan Province successfully declared national intangible cultural heritage. Serial number: 965; project name: Li nationality boat house building skills; project category: traditional handicrafts; application area: Dongfang City, Hainan Province; number: Ⅷ - 182.

Baicha village, Jiangbian Township, Dongfang City, is one of the most well preserved natural villages in Hainan. There are 78 households and 380 people in Baicha village, belonging to Li Nationality Village. 81 ship type houses have been preserved in Baicha village.

custom

When a Li girl is 15 years old, her parents or brothers help her build a "herringbone" thatched house, Longgui. When a boy is 15 years old, he usually builds it himself. Long boudoir is usually built in the quiet place at the head or the end of the village, or close to the parents' house. It is a place for Li young men and women to have a love talk.

Address: Boat House, Hanoi, Vietnam

Longitude: 121.5609319

Latitude: 25.0526149

Chinese PinYin : Chuan Xing Wu