Zhifu Island

Zhifu Island

Zhifu Island, also known as Zhifu mountain, is called zhuanfu and Zhifu in ancient times, and is commonly known as Beishan in local area. Located in the north of Zhifu District in the north of Yantai City, Shandong Province, the island is connected with the mainland by the Liandao sandbar. The main peak Laoye Mountain is 298 meters above sea level, about 9 kilometers long from east to west and 0.50-1.80 kilometers wide. It is the largest and most typical land island in China.

Zhifu Island's sunny slope is green, picturesque, with rugged rocks on the back and steep cliffs. It is a good tourist resource. It has a profound cultural history. The Yangzhu (one of the eight gods of the ancient Qi, also known as the king of Liang) on the island is a god worshipped by the state of Qi in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period and the Qin Dynasty. It is also the place where the first emperor of Qin visited three times and the origin of the ancient name Zhifu in Yantai.

Zhifu Island is an important fishing base, shipping base and shipbuilding industry base of Yantai city. Yantai port and Yantai Salvage Bureau are located in Zhifu Bay in the southeast of the island. CIMC Raffles has a production base here.

The origin of the name

Zhifu should be called "zhuanfu" in the spring and Autumn period. In the first volume of "Qilu spring and autumn map" in the atlas of Chinese history, Zhifu Island is marked with the word "zhuanfu". The original name of this mountain may be called zhuanfu. In Mencius · King Liang Hui Xia, the former Duke of Qi Jing asked Yu Yanzi, "if I want to view the chaoluo in zhuanfu, follow the sea to the south, and put it in Langxie, how can I compare with the former king's view?". "Mencius · justice" is also called "Fu is transferred". The meaning of "zhuanfu" has been proved by some people that this island can only be reached through the sand bar of Liandao which floats out of the sea at ebb tide. The ancient "Fu" and "Fu" are interlinked.

In the Qin Dynasty, it was called "Zhifu". According to the records of the historian, the first emperor of Qin "crossed the Yellow River and the Yellow River, became poor, and ascended Zhifu". The next year, the second East tour, so that the minister carved stone in Zhifu Island, praise their achievements. The inscription reads: "in the 29th year of Wei Dynasty, it was in the middle of spring, and Yanghe was rising. When the emperor traveled to the East, he ascended to the sea Catch in the corner of the sea, then ascend the Fu, Zhaolin Chaoyang Jiade, a group of ministers, only recites shenglie. Please do not engrave it. "

In the Qing Dynasty, Zhifu began to be known as Zhifu. Zhifu and Zhifu were in common use. In Zhifu daily (No. 885) published on July 15, 1910, the word Zhifu was used in the front of the newspaper. This shows that Zhifu was officially used as early as 1910.

In contrast to Nanshan in the south of the city, Yantai is commonly known as "Beishan" or "Beidao".

Location context

Zhifu Island, located in the north of Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, is 9 kilometers away from the urban area in the southeast, constituting the north and West Bank of Zhifu Bay. The island is long shuttle shaped, southeast northwest, 9 km long, 0.50-1.80 km wide, covering an area of 11.50 square kilometers. Zhifu Island connecting dam consists of four sand gravel dams. It is more than 3 kilometers long in the north and south, connects the East Bank of Dagujia River Estuary in the south, 5 kilometers wide in the base, Zhifu Island in the north, and 520 meters in the narrowest place. The gravel dam on the west side is 6.4m in height. The island's coastline twists and turns for 22.50 kilometers.

Island land environment

geology

stratum

Zhifu Island strata belong to the Lower Proterozoic Jiaodong Group. The middle and upper parts are quartzite, feldspar quartzite intercalated with plagioclase gneiss and schist, which are distributed in Zhifu Island and Kongtong island. It is the Zhifu formation of fenzishan group.

structure

The main geological structure is monoclinic structure, which was cut into uplift fault block by fault. Zhifu Island belongs to Zhifu Kongtong Island North fault. The faults in the fault block are small in scale, mostly secondary derived faults, the crust is relatively stable, and the geological tectonic activity at the edge of the fault block is relatively strong.

Folds. Located in the north wing of Qixia anticline, Zhifu Island and Kongtong island are prone to Southeast, South and southwest, with dip angle of 40 ° to 60 ° and a monoclinic layer.

crack. Liandaoba fault, located at the north end of Shaba in Zhifu Island and the southwest of Datuan village, is a concealed fault detected by geophysical prospecting. It strikes northwest and inclines to southwest with steep dip angle. The fault zone is more than 550 meters long and extends into the sea from east to west. To the south of the fault lies the fanzishan group, which cuts the quaternary system 60-70m thick and the metamorphic rock 100m deep.

Popokou fault is located in the west of popokou gully in the east of Zhifu Island, with strike of 30 ° ne, dip of 60 ° NW, dip angle of 65 ° and fracture width of 14 meters. The fault cuts through the whole island, more than 1km long from north to south, and extends into the sea at both ends. The strata on both sides of the fault are staggered, and the iron bearing quartz strata on the west side move relatively northward, with schistosity inclination of 15 ° southwest and dip angle of 37 ° while the schistosity on the east side moves relatively southward, with schistosity inclination of due south and dip angle of 34 ° respectively. The north end of the fault is exposed, and the south end is concealed under the cover, which is a tension torsion fault.

Neotectonic movement. In the Middle Pleistocene of the Quaternary, the crust began to decline. In the initial stage, it was deposited by continental facies, and the lithology was gravel bearing sub clay and sub clay. With the sea immersion, sand and silt were deposited and entered the quiet basin period. At that time, the northern coastline was located in the line of Nandajie, passing through xipaotai mountain and along Dagujia River to Zhishui. In the Holocene, the crust was controlled by NW trending faults, began to rise, regressed, deposited silt and coarse sand, forming a complete sedimentary cycle of marine immersion and regression. The coastline moved northward, making the original marine plain become a marine terrace. Due to the rise of the coastal zone, Zhifu Island, which was an island in the sea in ancient times, is also connected with the land to form a "land connected island", and the crust is still rising slowly at a rate of 3.50 mm per year. From Weihai to the north of Kongtong Zhifu Island, the large fault is a strong active fault, which is an active area of Jiaodong earthquake.

landforms

Hills are the main controlling geomorphic type of Zhifu Island, with an altitude of 100-300 meters and a relative cutting depth of less than 100 meters. The lithology is biotite schist, marble, quartz schist and granite. In the middle part, hills and low mountains are crisscross, isolated hills and gentle mountains are continuous and meandering, and the slope angle is about 10 degrees. The valley is shallow and wide, with alluvial and proluvial materials, mostly coarse sand gravel, sandy clay with gravel, and the thickness is less than 5m. Zhifu Island hills all over the island, ridge line is northwest, North Laoye Mountain is the highest peak, 294.10 meters above sea level. There are zonal pluvial platforms along the lower part of the south slope and steep sea erosion cliffs on the north slope.

coast

There are three types of sediment: the East and South Bank of Taozi Bay, the West Bank of Zhifu Bay and the East Bank of qianqikuang are muddy and sandy; the South Bank of shiliwan is sandy; and the North Bank of Zhifu Island is rocky. The geomorphic types are complete and complex.

Sea erosion cliff. It is distributed in the north of Zhifu Island. The cliff is steep, with a slope of 80-90 ° and a height of 30-50 meters, with a maximum height of 100 meters.

Sea erosion Cave (sea erosion cave). More than 50 of them are distributed on the north and south sides of Zhifu Island, with different sizes and shapes. Most of them are developed along quartzite fissures.

Sea erosion column. It is distributed on both sides of Zhifu Island. On the South Bank of Zhifu Island, it is called "shigonggong". It is 7.50 meters above the sea level, with a diameter of 1 meter at the base and 2 meters at the top. The sea erosion pillar on the north bank is called "Granny stone". It is tower shaped and stands in the middle of the sea. The pillar is 42 meters high and 300 meters away from the shore. The moloshi sea erosion column on the northwest coast is 34.30 meters high and about 600 meters away from the coast.

cape. It is distributed in the northern coastal zone. Northwest corner, located in the northwest end of Zhifu Island, northwest tip into the sea, 250 meters long headland, an area of 62500 square meters, 12.90 meters above sea level. It is mainly composed of quartzite. The front bedrock is exposed without plants. The back part is covered with loose sediments such as sandy soil and gravel, with a thickness of 1-3 meters. There are pine, cypress and weeds.

Zhifu east corner, located in the east end of Zhifu Island, is a sharp corner of Zhifu Island hills stretching into the sea, with a length of 500 meters, an area of 125000 square meters and an altitude of 66.40 meters. It is mainly composed of quartzite and has obvious characteristics of erosion coast. The north coast is a dangerous cliff with a height of more than 30 meters, and the South Cliff has a gentle slope. The front bedrock is exposed, and the bedrock is covered with gravel and loose sediments, 2-5M thick. There are pine, oak trees, shrubs and weeds. Crops can be planted on the sunny slope.

Liandao sandbar. Connecting the land and Zhifu Island, the south end of the ancient sand mouth is rudimentary. In the north, there are two ancient sand mouths in the southwest of Datuan village and the East and west sides of the ancient lagoon. The sand bar is narrow in the north and wide in the south, the narrowest part is 400m, the height is 2-3m, and the highest is 5.40m. There are four cobble zones in the sand bar, with a diameter of 5-10 cm and good roundness. They are quartzite, quartz schist and plagioclase gneiss. The two on the west side are high and long, and the two on the east side are short and short. The second one in the West extends the farthest, starting from Xingfu 8 village, running southwest, intermittently passing Xingfu 10 village, Xingfu 11 village and Xingfu 13 village, to Dagu jiahekou. The composition of the pebbles in the south section is the same as that in the north section, but the height of the pebble belt becomes lower. It is buried 0.50-1 m underground near Xingfu 11 village and Xingfu 13 village, and the width becomes narrower, about 50 m. The diameter of the pebbles becomes smaller, and the roundness becomes better. In the pebble group, the composition of medium sand increases, which is the result of continuous deposition from north to south.

beach. The beach at the top of the bay is crescent shaped, divided into sand beach and gravel beach. The beach is distributed on the West Bank of Zhifu Bay, 0.50-1m above sea level, composed of medium and fine sand, 50-100m wide and about 3 ° slope. Gravel shoals are distributed in popokou small bay of Zhifu Island, 1-2m above sea level and 20-50m wide. They are composed of quartzite gravels with good roundness,

Chinese PinYin : Zhi Fu Dao