Guangdong guild hall

As the main theater building, Tianjin Guangdong guild hall can accommodate up to 600 or 700 people. There are private rooms upstairs and scattered seats downstairs. The stage is the most outstanding part of woodcarving, which all transmit the spirit of the southern carving techniques. There are have great originality in such fields as caisson, carving, stage and so on. Therefore, the film and TV dramas such as "Jin Fen Shi Jia" and "letter from a strange woman" have been set up here. You can also enjoy Allegro, crosstalk and other special performances here.

Guangdong guild hall

Guangdong Guildhall is a gathering place established by Guangdong businessmen all over the country. It is also a non-governmental organization established by businessmen according to their geographical location. Businessmen often live in the Guildhall, have banquets, talk business and even pile up goods. It first appeared in the Ming Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, Guangdong Guildhall was widely distributed in China, with the largest number in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Guangxi. Other provinces such as Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Shandong, Northeast China, Hubei, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Gansu and Yunnan also had different numbers of Guildhall. According to textual research, Guangdong guild hall appeared in Beijing in Ming Dynasty.

In the early Qing Dynasty, there were more than 40 guilds in Beijing alone. At present, the best repaired and preserved is the Guangdong guild hall in Tianjin. After renovation, the hall has been transformed into Tianjin drama Museum, which is the first museum specializing in drama in China. There is a song stage built in 1907 in the museum. It is an outstretched stage. There is no pillar at the entrance of the stage. The audience's sight is unrestricted and the sound effect is excellent.

Famous Peking Opera masters Mei Lanfang and Shang Xiaoyun once held a meeting and performed in this hall. In 1912, Sun Yat Sen also made a speech here.

Introduction to guild hall

Tianjin Guangdong guild hall is located in the south of Gulou in the old city of Tianjin, nanmenli street in Nankai District. Founded in 1907, it was initiated by Tang Shaoyi, the Tianjin Customs Road at that time. It is a meeting and lodging organization set up by Guangdong tourists in Tianjin. Now it is the largest and most exquisite Qing Dynasty guild hall in Tianjin.

It embodies the architectural style of Lingnan in China, and integrates the characteristics of quadrangles in the north. It is a rare architectural art treasure of wood structure in China. It is the most complete and largest guild building of Qing Dynasty preserved in Tianjin so far. It not only embodies the architectural style of Lingnan, but also embodies the hardships of Cantonese living in Tianjin. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were Guangdong merchants' activities in Tianjin. At that time, they mainly opened shopping malls with Fujian merchants, so the guild hall in Tianjin was Fujian Guangdong guild hall.

Status change

Since the late Qing Dynasty, the status of Cantonese in Tianjin's political situation has changed. In 1903, Tang Shaoyi, Liang Yanqing and others proposed to set up the Guangdong guild hall in Tianjin. They proposed to raise funds to rebuild their own guild hall, and took the lead in donating 4000 liang of silver. This initiative was warmly received by many businessmen. Within a short period of time, they raised more than 90000 taels of silver to purchase the land of the former site of the salt transportation department in the South Street of Gulou in Tianjin and began to build a new guild hall. Guangxu 33 years (1907 AD) on January 14, the new hall was completed, named Guangdong hall. Guangdong guild hall covers an area of more than 23 mu, and the engineering design highlights the characteristics of Lingnan.

Guangdong guild hall is composed of foyer, main room, accessory room, theater, cross courtyard and suite, covering an area of about 1.5 hectares. The main building is a theater building with unique design. The auditorium is divided into two floors: upper and lower; seats are divided into three types: scattered seats, teahouses and boxes; the stage is extended, without wooden columns, and the audience can watch the performance from three sides; the caisson is suspended above the stage, weighing about 10 tons, with a square outside and a round inside. The center of the circle is stacked with a deformed bucket arch, and the tenon is spiral, which not only has a unique shape, but also has a sound box effect. The stage is decorated with various colorful wood carvings, all of which are delicate and lifelike. Backstage is also two floors, upstairs for the dressing room.

There are more than 300 shops and houses around the hospital, in which flowers and trees are planted, fresh and elegant. After the revolution of 1911, the museum was the main place for many important patriotic and progressive activities. Among them, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the pioneer of China's democratic revolution, made a speech here in 1912.

Interior landscape

The hall is like a large quadrangle. Most of the bricks, tiles and wood are purchased from Guangdong. The gate of the courtyard is vast, the Luohan Gables are towering, the hall is out of the corridor, and the interior decoration is gorgeous, which has Lingnan characteristics. Around the guild hall, more than 300 shops and houses have been built, and a "South Garden" has been built in the southeast of the guild hall. Flowers and trees have been planted, and medical rooms have been set up for Guangdong compatriots to rest and recuperate. At that time, there were peach blossom forest and vineyard in the South Garden, and the scenery was very beautiful.

The theater building is the main building of the Guangdong guild hall in Tianjin. In front of it is a wide courtyard with a huge plaque of "Ling Bo Ning He". Through the corridor, it is an indoor theater with wood structure that can accommodate 700 or 800 people. The auditorium on the upper floor is a box, and the seats on the lower floor are scattered. The stage is 10 meters deep and 11 meters wide. The top of the stage is a spiral caisson made of fine wood components. The carving process is exquisite and the sound effect is good.

The horizontal eyebrows of the front stage are carved into a lion rolling embroidered ball pattern by opencut technique, and the two corners are carved into a lotus budding style. The front of the stage is inlaid with a huge woodcarving of Tianguan's blessing. Tianguan, boy, ape, pine and cypress, cloud and four horned bat form a lively and harmonious picture. The doors and windows of the theater are also carved with traditional patterns such as lion, Phoenix and peony. In this rare opera building in the north, a new revolutionary drama was performed in 1911.

On August 24, 1912, the northern branch of the alliance invited Dr. Sun Yat Sen to give a speech here. During the May 4th movement, mass gatherings or performances were often held here. Famous performing artists Mei Lanfang and Yang Xiaolou all performed in this theater.

In 1925, an Xingsheng, a communist, set up the Tianjin Federation of trade unions, which also took Guangdong guild hall as its site. When Tianjin was occupied by the Japanese, the guild hall once became a police officer training center run by the Japanese invading army. Now, the redecorated Guangdong guild hall has become a window to understand and appreciate China's dramatic art and show China's dramatic culture.

Brief history exhibition

Now this is Tianjin drama Museum, with three exhibition rooms of Tianjin drama history exhibition. The exhibition includes a brief history of Chinese opera, a history of the development of Tianjin opera, and thematic exhibitions of some people in the field of opera. The museum also has a collection of more than 4000 cultural relics and collections related to drama, including calligraphy and paintings and costumes of famous Peking Opera masters Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, Ma Lianliang, etc. it has become a cultural venue with multiple functions such as exhibition and performance.

National geographical distribution

In the Qing Dynasty, Guangdong Guildhall was widely distributed in China. In today's provinces, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Guangxi had the largest number of Guildhall. Other provinces such as Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Shandong, northeast, Hubei, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Gansu and Yunnan also had different numbers of Guildhall.

Beijing

As the political and cultural center of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was the focus of attention of businessmen all over the world, and there were a lot of guild halls built by Cantonese in Beijing. Guangdong guild hall appeared in Beijing in Ming Dynasty, which was proposed by Wang Zhongming, then Minister of rites of Nanjing. In the late 1980s, Mr. Wang canchi, a Beijing scholar, conducted a survey of Guildhall in Beijing, and the number of Guildhall in Guangdong was more than 40. Except for a few commercial guilds, most of these guilds were test guilds for imperial examinations. In the Qing Dynasty, the main body of Guangdong Guildhall in Beijing was the Pearl River Delta and the prefectures and counties in the coastal areas of Guangdong. And these areas are the most developed areas of commodity economy.

Shanghai

Since modern times, Shanghai has gradually developed into a cosmopolitan metropolis. Cantonese have formed a climate in Shanghai at least in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. However, the establishment of Guangdong Guildhall in Shanghai was relatively late. It was mainly established by businessmen from Guangzhou and Zhaoqing governments. It has a typical regional color, which shows that the strength of Cantonese is strong and they do not need to unite in the form of provinces.

Jiangsu Province

Jiangsu is also one of the areas where Guangdong businessmen have been active frequently since the Ming Dynasty. Most of the Cantonese guildhalls in Suzhou are located in the area of changmenwai. This is the most prosperous place in Suzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At that time, it was the business radiation area for several miles. Suzhou "has a lot of goods inside and outside the gate, people flow, and there are many signboards, which are as bright as clouds and brocade. It is said that it is prosperous, but the gate is not captured.". Changmen is not only a prosperous city in Suzhou, but also an important commodity distribution center in China. Yangzhou was the distribution center of goods between the north and the south in Qing Dynasty. Apart from salt, it was followed by the commerce of goods from the north and the south. Guangdong businessmen mainly engaged in sugar and other goods in Yangzhou, and established Lingnan Guildhall in Qigan lane, and stone mountain houses in Huayuan lane. According to the Journal of Jinling Guildhall published by Nanyang Guildhall in the late Qing Dynasty, there was a Liangguang Guildhall in Nanjing, near yaoguijing.

northeast

Niuzhuang (Yingkou) in the northeast of China, after the Opium War, because of their status as foreign compradors, their footprints also entered. According to the investigation of the first ten-year report of the customs from 1882 to 1891, Niuzhuang (Yingkou) is a Guangzhou office established by Guangzhou businessmen. It is managed by the principal and deputy directors. There are special personnel to help the members involved in the business and protect their commercial interests.

Shandong

Guangbang in Yantai, Shandong Province mainly deals in bean products, vermicelli and southern products; guangbang in Qingdao mainly deals in Yangguang groceries; guangbang in Jinan mainly deals in peanut and grain trade. Yantai had Guangdong guild hall in the early Qing Dynasty, and Qingdao had Guangdong guild hall (Guangdong Office) in 1905.

Hubei

Wuhan, Hubei Province, is known as the "thoroughfare of nine provinces" and the merchant of Guangdong Province in Qing Dynasty

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