Xunbeila River Nature Reserve

Xunbeila River Nature Reserve

Xunbeira River Nature Reserve, also known as xunbeira River Nature Reserve, is located in Xunke County, northern Heilongjiang Province.

The total area of xunbeila River Nature Reserve is 14000 hectares. The main protected objects are salmon, mullet, sturgeon and their spawning grounds, wintering grounds and fattening grounds. Salmon, which grow in the sea and live in the river, enter Heilongjiang from the sea of Okhotsk at the end of August and the beginning of September every year, and go up the river to spawn in the breeding ground.

brief introduction

Xunbeila River, a large tributary of Heilongjiang Province, has clear water quality and lush water and grass on both sides, which provides favorable conditions for fish reproduction and growth. There are more than 70 species in the river, such as salmon, mullet, sturgeon, zheluo, fine scale, and Erythroculter ilishaeformis. After living in the sea for 3-5 years, salmon enter Heilongjiang in groups at the end of August and the beginning of September every year and go back to the original breeding site to lay eggs. In 1982, the provincial people's Government approved the establishment of the xunbeira River Nature Reserve.

geographical position

The nature reserve is located in Xunke and Sunwu counties in the north of Heilongjiang Province, at the northern foot of Xiaoxing'an Mountains.

area covered

It covers an area of 1400 hectares

Types of protected areas

The main protected objects are salmon, zherou and other fish resources and river ecosystem.

ecological environment

Xunbie river originates from the northern foot of Xiaoxing'an Mountains and flows into Heilongjiang Province in Xunke County in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang Province. It has a total length of 251 km and a drainage area of 1573800 ha. The water is clear and it is a river with little sand. There are many tributaries of xunbie River, such as woniu River and Zhanhe river. The river is frozen for half a year. The rivers in this area are cold water area. There are few human activities in the basin, basically maintaining the original state of the natural environment. The average annual temperature is - 1.5-0.6 ℃, and the average annual precipitation is 540 mm, mostly from June to September.

plant resources

The vegetation in the reserve is temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest zone. The main tree species are larch, Korean pine, spruce, Scotch pine, Mongolian oak, poplar, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc. The main shrubs are Lespedeza, bayberry, Rhododendron, etc. Medicinal plants are Astragalus, Schisandra, edible fungi are Auricularia, Hericium, mushrooms, etc.

Animal resources

stock of fish

There are 34 species of fish in the reserve, of which the key protected fish are salmon, zherou, lepidopterus, fennel and cod. They are all cold water specialty fish in alpine mountain area, and have a certain amount of resources in xunbeira river. The subcooling water fishes are mainly pike, Yaluo, flower and so on. Warm water fish are mainly catfish, horse mouth, carp, crucian carp, silver carp and so on. These fish are abundant and widely distributed. There are also turtles distributed in the reserve, with a certain amount of resources. Salmon and COD belong to the list of rare aquatic animals in China.

（1） Salmon

Fishes, Salmonidae. Body elongated, laterally flat, about 0.6 m long. Silvery gray, often with wide spots of crimson color. Big mouth, sharp teeth. The body is covered with small round scales, one dorsal fin and one fat fin, and the caudal fin is concave. It is ferocious and preys on small fish. In the reproductive season, the male fish enters the river from the sea, and the body color of the male fish is dark red or dark black. The female fish digs holes at the bottom of the gravel river to lay eggs; it is ovoid, 5-7mm in diameter. The parent fish died after spawning. It is a rare cold water fish.

（2） Pollock

Fishes, codidae. The body is small, the back is flat, up to 1 meter. Body dark brown, scattered with yellowish brown stripes, head large. There is a short beard in Chin and a short beard in front nostril. The body is covered with round scales. The first dorsal fin is short and small, and the base of the second dorsal fin and gluteal fin is extended; the caudal fin is round; the ventral fin is small and in chest position. It is a cold water freshwater fish. Summer dormancy. 3-4-year-old sexual maturity, 3 million eggs per time.

Other animal resources

There are more than 20 kinds of mammals and more than 100 kinds of birds in the reserve.

The first level of national protected animals includes Chinese merganser, and the second level includes red deer, moose, black bear, brown bear, lynx, otter, leopard cat, jackal, snow rabbit, mandarin duck, goshawk, sparrow hawk, big, common, hairy footed, red footed falcon, black grouse, hazelnut, long tailed forest, long ear, etc.

（1） Common -- national protected animals

Falconiformes, Falconidae. It's also called the earth leopard. The length of male is 52 cm and that of female is 57 cm. There are black type, brown type and middle type. Its head is light brown, and its tail has some dark transverse spots, each with a large white spot under its wings, and its beak is black. It feeds on small mammals, especially rodents. They breed from May to June and lay 2-3 eggs in each nest.

（2） Maojiao -- a national protected animal

Falconiformes, Falconidae. It's also called white leopard. The length of the male is 55 cm and that of the female is 63 cm. The head, neck and anterior part of upper body are gray white with brown longitudinal lines. Back feather, shoulder feather, wing light brown, with gray white feather margin. Chest white, with light brown longitudinal lines. The abdomen is dark brown with white tail feathers and feeds on small mammals. Each nest lays 3-4 eggs on the tree or rock wall.

（3） Long tail forest -- national protected animal

Formosae, Coleoptera. The body length is 51 cm. The face is white, with dark brown feather pattern. The forehead, head and occipitum are light yellowish brown with dark brown longitudinal lines. White back and yellow beak. Feet feathered, with dark brown spots, claws pale brown. It feeds on mice and insects. Nest in the tree hole.

tourist resources

The xunbeira river has beautiful natural scenery. In the valley, there are many strange rocks, fast water flow and magnificent scenery. Tourists here enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature in the form of drifting and exploration. In 1989, the Reserve started fishing again, attracting more tourists.

Protection value

1. Protect the natural spawning place of salmon.

Salmon is a kind of river crossing fish which propagates in fresh water and grows in the ocean. There are 6 kinds of Pacific specialty salmon. Xunbeila river is the main upstream spawning river of salmon in the middle reaches of Heilongjiang Province. The nature reserve is of great significance to the protection of salmon and its spawning and reproduction.

2. Protect the unique river ecosystem with important economic significance in the high latitude cold region of China.

Address: Xunke County, Heilongjiang Province

Longitude: 127.3200963722

Latitude: 49.422819253587

Chinese PinYin : Xun Bie La He Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu