Kangling

Liu Heng (9-5 BC), the son of Liu Xing, king of filial piety in Zhongshan of Han Dynasty, ascended the throne at the age of 9 and reigned for 5 years. After Wang Mang, the great Sima, married his daughter to be emperor, he poisoned emperor Ping with medicine and wine, ended the rule of the Western Han Dynasty, and changed the name of the country to a new one. Wei Ji, Liu's mother, is the concubine of Xiaowang in Zhongshan. Wang Mang was worried that his mother, Wei Ji, would be honored as the Empress Dowager after entering Chang'an and would not be allowed to live with her son in Beijing. Wei Ji missed her young son and wrote several times to Wang Mang for permission to enter the capital. Wang Mang insisted on not going, and took the opportunity to kill his uncle's family in case of fighting for power with him. In 5 A.D., Liu Heng was 14 years old. Hearing and witnessing Wang Mang's insidious and vicious behavior, he knew that the emperor was not only a mere ornament, but also that his uncle's family was almost extinct. Although his mother Wei Ji survived, she was separated from each other. He often showed his sullen face to Wang Mang. Sometimes he confided his resentment against Wang Mang secretly. In December of the same year, ministers congratulated Liu on his birthday. Wang Mang took the opportunity to offer him poisoned wine, and Liu Yan drank it all. In the evening, Liu Yan suffered from abdominal pain and called for help, but no one came to rescue him. After struggling for several days, he died in Weiyang palace of Chang'an. The cemetery is square in plane and 420 meters in length. The mausoleum is a bucket shaped tomb, 216 meters long from east to west at the bottom, 209 meters wide from north to south, 60 meters long at the top and 26.6 meters high. It is a two-story platform. The East-West platform is 6 meters wide and 93 meters long, and the North-South platform is 11.5 meters wide and 90 meters long. 570 meters to the southeast is the mausoleum of Queen Wang. Queen Wang refused to remarry after the death of emperor Ping. She died in a fire and was buried 500 meters southeast of Kangling.

Kangling of Ming Dynasty

synonym

Kangling (Ming Dynasty Kangling) generally refers to Kangling

The Kangling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, located at the eastern foot of Lianhua in the Tianshou mausoleum District of Changping, is the joint Tomb of Zhu houzhao, the tenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Xia, the empress of the Ming Dynasty. It took one year to build the mausoleum. The overall layout follows the former system and takes the shape of front and back circle. Kangling is one of the tombs with the most brick inscriptions. The tomb was built in 1521, covering an area of 27000 square meters. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Kangling was burned down and renovated during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty.

Architectural structure

Kangling was built in April 1521, the 16th year of Zhengde. In June of the first year of Jiajing (1522 AD), the cemetery was built. The mausoleum building is composed of Shinto, Mausoleum palace and ancillary buildings outside mausoleum palace. A Wukong bridge and a Sankong bridge will be built on the Shinto Road, and a tablet Pavilion of Shengong Shengde will be built near the mausoleum. The overall layout of the mausoleum palace is round in front and back, covering an area of 27000 square meters. There are two courtyards in front of them. The first one is the gate of the mausoleum, with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain and three rooms wide. In the courtyard, there are five Kuan en halls, five on the left and five on the right. There are two sacred silk stoves. On the second entrance to the courtyard, there are three doors in front of the courtyard, two archways with two columns, a stone censer, two candlesticks and two vases. After the square courtyard, there is a round treasure city. A square platform is built at the entrance of the treasure city. On the platform, a double eaves Xieshan style Ming Lou is built. The building is decorated with a stele with "Daming" and "mausoleum of Emperor Wu Zongyi". After minglou, a mound rises from the inner side of the drainage ditch to the center of the city, and the shape of the mound is naturally uplifted. In front of the tomb and on both sides of the front, there are tomb walls which are not as high as the chest. In front of the wall, a glass screen wall is built at the urn road of Baocheng. There are also some ancillary buildings outside the mausoleum, such as the slaughter Pavilion, the God kitchen, the God storehouse, the ancestral temple and sacrifice department, the god palace supervisor, the court room, the orchard, the hazelnut factory, the god horse room and so on.

Kangling site selection

The five steep peaks behind Kangling are called "Lotus Mountain" or "Babao Lotus Mountain".

Scenery of Kangling

The Ming building of Kangling is similar to that of tailing, and the Fangcheng is relatively small. Because the Ming building was destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and its construction system was reduced. In the Ming tower, the inscription "Tomb of Emperor Wu Zongyi" is written on the stele. Once there is a crack in the stele, there are still some broken parts. Although the minglou is dilapidated, people can enjoy the city brick inscriptions with various styles, clear handwriting and exquisite composition after the wall is peeled off. They are of various forms and varied meanings. They can find a variety of fonts, appellations and place names. The most of them are 61 characters, which are simple and natural. Although most of the above ground buildings in Kangling are damaged, it is gratifying that none of its underground treasure, the Xuan palace, has been stolen. It is not that the bandits did not intend to do it, but that the tombs of Kangling are well constructed and reasonably designed. Despite five hundred years of ups and downs, the defects of the underground Xuan Palace are rarely revealed. Before liberation, there were bandits digging holes on the top of Kangling's treasure, trying to steal the treasures in the mausoleum. It happened that heavy rain fell for several days and the cave collapsed, killing the bandits in the cave. Only in this way could the mausoleum be saved from bad luck. Kangling's treasure city is relatively low, not as tall and solid as Changling's, with its bricks falling down and its crenels falling down. As the crown is covered with vegetation, all traces of ancient times have been covered up. Although Kangling is located in a remote area, because of its excellent scenery and ancient brick inscriptions, it has more historical deposits.

Rehabilitation of Kangling

After more than 400 years of wind and rain erosion and some man-made damage, Kangling and its Ming building were seriously damaged. The two floors of minglou collapsed, the big wood was rotten, the tiles were broken, and the brackets, columns, rafters and purlins were damaged. On April 15, 2003, the emergency repair project of Kangling Mausoleum of Ming Tombs was started. The renovation is designed by the Municipal Institute for the protection and design of cultural relics and constructed by the Ming Tombs Construction Engineering Center. The estimated total investment is 38 million yuan. Luo Zhewen, the expert group leader of the State Administration of cultural relics and a famous ancient architecture expert, Zheng Xiaoxie, a national planning and architecture expert, Zhang Kaiji, a national architectural master, and Du Xianzhou, a famous ancient architecture expert, are specially employed by the office of the Ming Tombs Special Administrative Region as the consultants of Kangling rush repair project.

Kangling also completed the repair of the climbing Road and the wall of Fangcheng; the masonry of the crenel wall and the wall of Fangcheng, the ground paving and patching, the installation and patching of the facing stone of Fangcheng, the fabrication and patching of the brick of the horse road, and the patching and patching of the stone. The overall renovation project of Kangling was completed at the end of 2004.

Tomb owner of Kangling

Wu Zong Zhu houzhao

Zhu houzhao (1491-1521), the tenth emperor of Ming Dynasty, was named Zhengde. His father was Zhu Youyao, the emperor of Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, and his mother was empress Zhang. He was in power from 1505 to 1521. After his death, he was buried in Kangling, the Ming Tombs in Beijing. His posthumous title was "Chengtian dadaoying Surui zhe Zhaode Xiangong hongwensi Xiaoyi emperor", and his temple title was "Wuzong".

Wuzong is a controversial emperor in history. Some people think that he is a rare tyrant who is unruly, violent, grotesque and shameless. However, through the research in the history circle in recent years, people's understanding of Wuzong has changed. Some people think that he is an emperor who pursues personality liberation and freedom and equality.

Queen Xia

She was the empress of Zhu houzhao, Emperor Zhengde of Ming Dynasty. But she moved out of the palace the next year after Zhengde ascended the throne and lived in a leopard house. Xia was not allowed to be favored. After Xia's death, he was buried with emperor Zhengde in Kangling, the Ming Tombs.

Xia family, Empress of emperor xiaojingyi of Ming Dynasty (1535), was born in Shangyuan (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Uncle Feng Qingyang. In the first year of Zhengde (1506), it was named empress xiaojingyi. In 1521, Emperor Wuzong died. Emperor Shizong inherited Datong. In the next year, he was honored as "empress Zhuang Su, Huang Sao.".

He died in the first month of 1535. First, Zhang Fujing, a bachelor, was named empress Suyi of Xiaojing Zhuang Hui'an. Wang Tingxiang, the imperial censor of the left capital, and Huo Tao, the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs, have long disagreed with the idea that the emperor and empress xiaojingyi, Xia, Zhu houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, and Shangyuan people. In the first year of Zhengde, the book was made queen. In the first year of Jiajing, Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty succeeded Datong. Because he was a sister-in-law of empress Xia, empress Xia could not be canonized as empress dowager. So his posthumous title was empress Suyi of Xiaojing Zhuang Hui'an. In the 15th year of Jiajing reign, Shizong thought that Zhang Fujing's words were wrong, and passed the decree: "empress Xiaojing's posthumous title is unprepared, so she is not called peiwuzong.

Address: Dazhai village, ZhouLing Township, Weicheng District

Longitude: 108.73132

Latitude: 34.404562

Chinese PinYin : Kang Ling