Yiling

Yiling, a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province, is the mausoleum of Liu Xin, Emperor AI of Han Dynasty. It is located in Nanhe village, ZhouLing Township, Weicheng District, 6.5km north of Xianyang city. Liu Xin (25 ~ 1) was the son of Liu Kang, the Duke of Tao in the Han Dynasty. Because emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty had no son, he became the crown prince. When he ascended the throne at the age of 20, it was the end of the Western Han Dynasty. When the peasant uprising came to Chang'an, the hungry people went up to the house with fire and beat drums. Liu Xin died six years after his reign and was buried in Yiling. Mausoleum for the cover bucket shape, the bottom perimeter of 900 meters, 30.41 meters high. The eastern part of the mausoleum was sealed as empress Fu's mausoleum. There are 15 funerary tombs.

Yiling

Yiling, a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province, is the mausoleum of Liu Xin, Emperor AI of Han Dynasty. It is located in Nanhe village, ZhouLing Township, Weicheng District, 6.5km north of Xianyang city. Liu Xin (25 ~ 1 BC) was the son of Liu Kang, the king of Tao Gong in the Han Dynasty. When he ascended the throne at the age of 20, it was the end of the Western Han Dynasty. When the peasant uprising came to Chang'an, the hungry people went up to the house with fire and beat drums. Liu Xin died six years after his reign and was buried in Yiling. Mausoleum for the cover bucket shape, the bottom perimeter of 900 meters, 30.41 meters high. The eastern part of the mausoleum was sealed as empress Fu's mausoleum. There are 15 funerary tombs.

essential information

Yiling has a large tomb in Nanhe village of ZhouLing commune in the northeast of Xianyang city. This place is full of Han Dynasty relics. There is no cultural accumulation layer of Sui and Tang Dynasties. There is no big tomb nearby. It is undoubtedly the Yiling Mausoleum of emperor AI of Han Dynasty. Liu Xin, Zixi, was born in 25 BC. He was the son of emperor yuan and the son of emperor Ding Tao. His mother was Ding Ji. At the age of 3, he became the king and loved writing and law. In the first year of Suihe (8 BC), he became the crown prince, and in the second year he became the emperor. "Ai Di Ji" in Hanshu: "in the second year of Yuanshou, the emperor collapsed in Weiyang Palace on the fifth day of June. Autumn, September renyin, buried Yiling He died in 26 years and was in office for 6 years. His posthumous title is "Ai Di".

Yiling was covered with earth in the shape of a bucket, with a square bottom and top. The bottom edge is 175.50 meters from east to west and 171 meters from north to south, and the top edge is 58.50 meters from east to west and 55.80 meters from north to south. The earth sealing height is 30.41m. The cemetery is square in plane, 420 meters long on each side, with a door in the center of each wall. There are two towers outside the gate, and only the one meter high and 1.5 meter wide remains in the middle of the north wall. In the cemetery, there are fragments of bricks and tiles from the Western Han Dynasty and the characters of "Changle Weiyang" and "Changsheng Wuji". Empress Fu's Mausoleum empress Fu is the daughter of Fu Yan. After Liu Xin ascended the throne, she became empress. She committed suicide in 1 BC and was named empress Xiaoai. The tomb is about 600 meters to the east of Yiling, with a bucket shaped cover. The bottom is 110 meters from east to west and 85 meters from north to South; the top is 30 meters from east to west and 19 meters from north to south. The earth seal is 15 meters high. There are 15 funerary tombs, which are distributed in 3 tombs in the East, 5 tombs in the South and 4 tombs in the West. Another three are distributed in the East, North and southwest of Yiling. The tiles of "Gao'an Wanshi" were unearthed many times in beisijiazhuang of Yiling. There is a remnant tomb in the north of Sijiazhuang village, so it may be dong Xian's tomb or his sister's house. In 1981, in the north of Yiling, the left half of "Lu Wang Hu Fu" was found in dongtuhao, Nanhe village.

The life of the tomb owner

Liu Xin (25-1 BC), the grandson of emperor yuan, was the son of Liu Kang, King Ding Tao, and his mother Ding Ji. Liu Ao succeeded to the throne at the age of 29. He died and was buried in Yiling for 7 years (7-1 years ago). His years are Jianping and Yuanshou. Liu Xin is the common grandson of the Yuan emperor and the son of Ding Ji and Ding Tao Gong Wang. Because emperor Cheng had no children, Liu Xin's grandmother and Yuan emperor Fu Zhaoyi urged emperor Cheng to let Liu Xin inherit. So in 8 BC, Liu Xin was made the crown prince. In the second year, Emperor Cheng died, and Liu Xin ascended the throne. During his reign, in order to ease the social crisis, he once took Shidan as the great Sima, and implemented the policy of "limiting farmland and slaves". It was stipulated that all kings, Marquises and even the common people should not occupy more than 30 hectares of land. As a result, they met with fierce opposition from the nobles and had no choice but to settle the matter. Under the pressure of the government's heavy taxes and the annexation of the landlords, the common people "died seven times but got nothing" and "died seven times but had no life". In the second year of Jianping (6 BC), he accepted Xia Heliang's suggestion that "changing the name of Yuanyi can get the year of tingnian". He changed the second year of Jianping to the first year of Taichu and called himself Emperor Chen Sheng and Liu Taiping. However, the social crisis did not ease, and Ai Di died in the protest of the peasants. He died at the age of 26 and was buried in Yiling.

Mausoleum structure

geographical position

There is a large tomb in Nanhe village of ZhouLing commune in the northeast of Xianyang city. The tomb faces anling in the East, Weiling in the West and Weicheng in the southeast. It is obviously wrong that the general local chronicles and the maps are all called the mausoleum of emperor Gong of Sui Dynasty. In addition to shuijingzhu and Hanshu, which are clearly recorded as Yiling mausoleum, the epitaph of Zhang quyi of Shangzhu state, taipuqing, a doctor of Yinqing Guanglu, written by Li Ben in September of the seventh year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (748 A.D.) was unearthed near this mausoleum after liberation, which contains "buried in Beiyuan of Xianyang".

Mausoleum structure

Yiling mausoleum is square, about 420 meters long. Today, the wall is about 1 meter high and 0.7 meters wide. There is a gate in the middle of the north wall, and there is no trace of the other three walls.

Historical records

According to the records of emperor Ping in the book of Han Dynasty, in the second year of the first year of the new year, "Yiwei, Yi mausoleum, God's clothes are in the middle of the tomb, bingshendan, clothes are on the outer bed, and the order of sleeping is to smell the sudden change, and use the temple of Tailao." It can be seen that the Yiling mausoleum is also equipped with a bedchamber and a biandian, and there is a bedchamber to manage the mausoleum. However, there is no hall building remains in the cemetery. Yiling mausoleum is located in the center of the cemetery, covered with a bucket shaped mound, about 30.41 meters high, and 175 meters long on the side of the mausoleum base. 620 meters to the northeast of the cemetery, there is the tomb of emperor AI and empress Fu. Empress Fu was the daughter of Fu Yan, the Marquis of Kong township. Liu Xin was the empress after the throne of the emperor. In the second year of Yuanshou's reign (1 BC), empress Fu was framed by Wang Mang and abandoned as a commoner, "committed suicide in her garden". Today's tomb is 19 meters high. There are 15 accompanying tombs in the East and south of the cemetery. "Gao'an Wanshi" tile was unearthed near Yiling.

According to the book of the Han Dynasty, Dong Xian, the favorite Minister of the mourning emperor, was once named "Marquis of Gao'an". It is speculated that the tile of "Gao'an Wanshi" should be the building tile used when Dong Xian was buried with him, but it is difficult to know his name.

Building story

In the second year of Jianping (5 BC), the 21-year-old emperor met the 18-year-old Prince Dong Xian for the first time. He was immediately attracted by his big eyes, high nose and delicate skin. He immediately called Dong Xian to his side and had a conversation with him. He felt it was too late to meet him. Then he issued an edict to worship Dong Xian as huangmenlang. From then on, Emperor AI of Han Dynasty and Dong Xian began a short but classic homosexual experience. After the homosexual relationship between emperor AI of Han Dynasty and Dong Xian was established, their relationship developed rapidly. Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty "doted on Dong Xian day by day". He used the supreme power of the emperor in his hands. He first made Dong Xian an official of Jin Jue. He made Dong Xian from the prince to huangmenlang, the emperor's son-in-law, Duwei, Shizhong and Gao'an marquis. By the time Dong Xian was 22 years old, he had already sat on the throne of the grand Sima and controlled the power of the whole country.

As early as when Dong Xiangang was in favor, Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty rewarded him with tens of thousands of money in ten months, which made him a upstart overnight and "shocked the imperial court". Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty also built a luxurious mansion for Dong Xianying, and built a tomb Yiling, which is a few miles around, with a very prosperous gate and a path between pines and cypresses. Yiling alone cost tens of thousands of money.

Dong Xian, on the other hand, knew that his glory and wealth came from his own color and from emperor AI's favor on him, so he tried his best to flatter emperor AI in front of him. He was gentle and did his best to please emperor AI. He served around Han AI emperor from morning till night, lying and rising together with him. Under Dong Xian's bewilderment, Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty ignored the government all day long and only knew to have fun with Dong Xian. One day, after Dong Xian was favored by Emperor AI of Han Dynasty, "hululu" slept soundly and sweetly. Emperor AI of the Han Dynasty wanted to get up, but found that his sleeve was under Dong Xian's body. Seeing that Dong Xian was sleeping soundly, he couldn't bear to disturb Dong Xian's dream, so he cut off his sleeve with a knife, and then he got up and dressed carefully. It can be seen from this that emperor AI of Han Dynasty showed his love for Dong Xian. Later generations often refer to homosexuality as "the habit of breaking sleeves".

archaeological discovery

In the southeast of Nanhe village, ZhouLing Township, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, there is a 30 meter high, 175 meter long, bucket shaped earth seal. Before the earth seal, there is a remnant stele, surrounded by wall and gate ruins. The walls are overgrown with weeds, scattered with some green gray bricks and tiles. Occasionally, you can see broken tiles with patterns and characters. This is the cemetery of emperor AI of Han Dynasty. What emperor AI of Han Dynasty did in his whole life.

Han Yi Mausoleum

It can be summarized by the word "Ai" in his temple name. He is a sad and lamentable emperor. His lethargy, incompetence, abuse of officials, innocent cruelty and fanatical homosexuality have brought great sorrow not only to him but also to the country. He is worthy of being the same fatuous and corrupt successor of emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty. They share the same taste and share the same fate. You drive the broken car of the Western Han Dynasty to the dark abyss. Archaeologists have found tiles with the words "Gao'an Wanshi" beside the mausoleum of AI emperor. It is speculated that Dong Xian's tomb should be in the accompanying Tomb of Yi mausoleum, because Dong Xian was once named "Marquis of Gao'an" by AI emperor of Han Dynasty. But this tomb was specially built by Emperor AI of Han Dynasty when he was alive. Emperor AI of Han Dynasty planned to stay with Dong Xian after his death. But who knows whether the "king with broken sleeves" would lie in the same room or die alone?

Research questions

The mausoleum of emperor Zhao, the empress of Shangguan, is called "the mausoleum of emperor AI of Han Dynasty."

Chinese PinYin : Yi Ling