Jichang Garden

Jichang Garden is located in the east of Huishan in the west suburb of Wuxi City, in Xihui Park of Huishan Hengjie, adjacent to Huishan temple. In the 19th year of Wanli (1591 A.D.), Qin Xun took the word "Jichang" from the poem "Da Xu Chuan" written by Wang Xizhi: "take Huanren Zhile, Jichang mountains and rivers Yin". In 1952, Qin Lianggong, a descendant of the Qin family, dedicated the garden to the state. Wuxi Municipal People's Government renovated and protected it, and gradually restored the style of the ancient garden.

Jichang Garden belongs to the type of villa at the foot of the mountain. It has a unique style in Jiangnan gardens with ingenious scenery borrowing, superb stone folding, exquisite water management and refined architecture. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty visited here many times and wrote poems again and again, which shows their love and appreciation. The harmony garden in the summer palace in Beijing and the kuoran Dagong (later also called shuanghezhai) in Yuanmingyuan were all built in imitation of Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi.

Jichang Garden

Jichang Garden is a classical garden building built in the Ming Dynasty. It is located in Huishan Hengjie, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. It was originally a two monk's house, such as Huishan temple's TUU house. In the early years of Jiajing period (about 1527 AD), Qin jindezhi, who was the Minister of Nanjing Military Department, was named "Fenggu villa". After Qin Jin's death, Qin Han, the nephew of Yuangui family, and his son Qin Liang, the political envoy of Jiangxi Province.

In the 39th year of Jiajing (1560 A.D.), Qin Han repaired the garden house, dug pools and piled mountains, also known as "Fenggu villa". Qin Liang's death, Yuan Gai belongs to Qin Li, the nephew of Qin Liang, the right deputy imperial envoy of the capital inspection yuan, and the governor of Huguang. In the 19th year of Wanli (1591 A.D.), Qin Xun was dismissed because his teacher Zhang Juzheng was pursued. After returning to Wuxi, he expressed his depression between the mountains and rivers, dredged the pond, rebuilt the garden house, and composed 20 garden scenes. Each scene was inscribed with a poem, which exuded the spirit, temperament and charm of traditional culture.

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The origin of history

Jichang Garden is located in the east of Huishan in the west suburb of Wuxi City, in Xihui Park of Huishan Hengjie, adjacent to Huishan temple. The original site of the garden was the two monk's house, such as the TUU house of Huishan temple. In the early years of Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (around 1527 AD), it was obtained by Qin Jin (named Fengshan) who was the Minister of Nanjing Military Department. It was established as a garden, named "Fenggu villa". Qin Han, the nephew of the yuan GUI family, and his son, Qin Liang, the governor of Jiangxi Province.

In the 39th year of Jiajing (1560 A.D.), Qin Han repaired the garden house, dug pools and piled mountains, also known as "Fenggu villa". Qin Liang's death, Yuan Gai belongs to Qin Li, the nephew of Qin Liang, the right deputy imperial envoy of the capital inspection yuan, and the governor of Huguang. In the 19th year of Wanli (1591 A.D.), Qin Xun was dismissed because his teacher Zhang Juzheng was pursued.

After returning to Wuxi, he expressed his depression between the mountains and rivers, dredged the pond, rebuilt the garden house, composed 20 garden scenes, and wrote a poem for each scene. This paper takes Wang Xizhi's poem "reply to Xu Chuan" as an example, which is a famous garden with the word "Jichang" in the sentence "take Huanren, Zhile, Jichang, shanshuiyin".

Cultural relics protection

In 1952, Qin Lianggong, a descendant of the Qin family, dedicated the garden to the state. Wuxi Municipal People's Government renovated and protected it, and gradually restored the style of the ancient garden. Jichang Garden is a famous classical garden in the south of the Yangtze River in China. On January 13, 1988, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

From 1999 to 2000, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, the southeast of Jichang Garden, which was destroyed during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom war, was restored by Xihui scenic area. Lingxu Pavilion, Xianyue Pavilion, woyun hall and other buildings were successively restored, and the landscape of its heyday was restored, making the whole ancient garden full of elegance. Jichang Garden is a kind of garden of Piedmont villa. Jichang Garden covers an area of 14.85 mu, long from north to South and narrow from east to west. The layout of the garden is centered on the mountain and pool, skillful in borrowing, and mixed with nature. The rockery is in the shape of the remaining vein according to the situation of the eastern foot of Huishan mountain. It is also called "Bayin stream" because of the sound of murmur. It is adjacent to "jinhuiyi" in Quchi. Yupan Pavilion corridor, zhiyuchuang, Qixing bridge, Hanbi Pavilion and Qingyu corridor are constructed around the water, which are in contrast with rockery. The big trees in the garden are towering, the bamboo shadow is whirling, the desolation is falling, and the simplicity is quiet. It has a unique style in Jiangnan gardens with ingenious scenery borrowing, superb stone folding, exquisite water management and refined architecture.

Ornamental value

Generally speaking, the success of Jichang Garden lies in its "natural mountains, exquisite water, concise garden, ancient trees and ingenious scenery". No wonder Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty visited here many times and wrote poems again and again, which showed their love and appreciation. The harmony garden in the summer palace in Beijing and the kuoran Dagong (later also called shuanghezhai) in Yuanmingyuan were all built in imitation of Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi.

Jichang Garden, also known as "Qin garden", was once two monk houses in Yuan Dynasty, named "Nanyin" and "Tuyu". During the Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty (1506-1521 AD), Qin Jin, a descendant of Qin Guan, a famous CI poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a Jinshi in the sixth year of Hongzhi. He once served as the Secretary of the Ministry of war in Nanjing. He bought the "Tuyu house" of Huishan temple and expanded the base of the former monk house. He built a mountain, dug a pool, planted flowers and trees, built a villa and turned it into a garden, which was called "Phoenix Valley nest". There are many ancient trees in the garden, with a pier behind. In order to improve the fengshui of Huishan temple, Zhou Chen, the governor of the south of the Yangtze River, stacked it in 1445 A.D. When the garden was completed, Qin

Experience

Jin wrote a poem and said, "if you live in a famous mountain, you can build a nest. Qujianpan you stone, long pine Yu Bi Luo. Peak height to see bird crossing, path remote few people. In the sound of the spring in the clear dream, why listen to Yu Ke? " After Qin Jin's death, the garden was inherited by his nephew Qin Han and his son Qin Liang, Jiangxi's political envoy. In the summer of 1506, Qin Han "repaired the garden pool at the foot of Huishan mountain", also known as "Fenggu villa".

After the death of Qin and Liang dynasties, the garden was changed to be owned by Qin Yao, the right deputy capital censor and governor of Huguang. Qin Yao is a member of the Donglin Party. In 1591, Qin Yao was dismissed and returned to his hometown because his teacher Zhang Juzheng was pursued. After returning to Wuxi, he was demoted because of the frustration of the imperial government. He was depressed, so he expressed his depression between the mountains and rivers. He changed the name of the garden to "Jichang Garden" by borrowing the poetic meaning of Wang Xizhi's "Jichang landscape shade". During the Wanli period, there were 20 scenes, and Qin Yao wrote poems one by one.

Garden Art

At the end of Shunzhi and the beginning of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Qin desao, the great grandson of Qin Yao, rebuilt it. Zhang Lian and his nephew Zhang Shi were invited to arrange the garden carefully, such as setting up mountains and managing water, sparing springs and piling stones. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong visited the garden six times each, which was the heyday of Jichang Garden. At the beginning of Yongzheng period, Qin daoran, the eldest grandson of Qin Decao, was imprisoned because of the court struggle. The garden was cut off from the southwest corner and the chastity Temple of Wuxi County was built.

In the first year of Qianlong, Qin Huitian, the third son of daoran, entered Zhinan study. The next year, Tao Ran was released and the garden was returned. Qin Ruixi, the eldest grandson of Decao, the richest member of the Qin family, spent 3000 liang of silver to build the old garden. He made great contributions to the preservation of the old garden.

In the 11th year of Qianlong reign, it was proposed that "the garden pavilion is only a place for sightseeing, and the ancestral temple must be built before it can be immortal". Jiashu hall in the garden was changed into "Shuangxiao Temple", and Jichang Garden was the public property of the ancestral temple, so it was also called "Xiaoyuan". At the end of Xin Dynasty (1751 AD), Qianlong made his first tour to the south. He designated Jichang Garden as a place to visit. He was pleased with its seclusion and returned home with pictures. He imitated Huishan garden in the north foot of Wanshou mountain, Qingyi Garden in Beijing, which is now the "harmony garden" in the summer palace. During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years of the Qing Dynasty, most of the buildings in Jichang Garden were destroyed by the fire, and then repaired.

Rebuilding pavilions

In 1952, Qin's descendants dedicated the private garden to the state for protective restoration. The former chastity temple was also incorporated into the garden, which is a small courtyard of today's "Bingli hall". After that, nine lions were rebuilt, jiashutang, Meiting and linfange were rebuilt.

During the whole 100 years from 1684 to 1784, the two emperors toured Jiangnan 12 times, leaving behind many poems, plaques and couplets. Emperor Qianlong of Gaozong thought that "among the scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, the Qin garden in Huishan is the most ancient" and "loves its seclusion". So he took the drawing back to Beijing and built a garden in the east foot of Wanshou in Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace), which was named "Huishan garden" (changed to "harmony garden" in 1811 AD), and built five best gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in Beijing. The rest of them had been abandoned for a long time The "mountain garden" is still well preserved in the summer palace. In Jichang Garden, there are two stone plaques of Kangxi's "mountain scenery and stream light" and Qianlong's "Yujia jinzong" (Yujia refers to Liuquan, jinzong refers to rockery).

Main attractions

Phoenix Valley

It is the first building to enter the garden from the sun moon pool of Huishan temple. In front of the gate is a stone tablet of a national cultural relic protection unit. There are three simple halls in front of the gate. In the middle of the hall is a forehead of "Phoenix Valley nest". It is written by Zhu Qizhan, with a couplet of columns on both sides. It takes Weng Tonghe's old name and Gao Shi's letters. Lianyun:

The trees are shady, the clouds are light and the smoke is light; the wind is clear and smooth, and the air is cool and harmonious.

In Zhengde period of Ming Dynasty, Qin Jin, the 17th generation descendant of Qin Guan, purchased the monk's house built in Huishan temple in Yuan Dynasty to build his villa garden. Qin Jin was named Fengshan, and the garden was built in the valley of Huishan, so Fenggu has two meanings: place name and person name. Xingwo is different from the emperor's palace, which also shows that the villa is in the initial stage, and it is dominated by mountains and forests. Connecting them, we can understand that the so-called "Fenggu xingwo" is Mr. Fengshan's villa garden in Huishan valley.

There are brick carvings on the lintels on both sides of the hall. In the East is "invading clouds", which shows the height of the Dragon light tower

Chinese PinYin : Ji Chang Yuan