Huanglianshan Nature Reserve

National 4A scenic area, a provincial nature reserve of forest ecosystem type, is one of the earliest nature reserves established in Yunnan Province. There are many kinds of water and trees, and the scenery is very good.

Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve

synonym

Huanglianshan nature reserve generally refers to Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve

Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve, located in the central and southern part of Luchun County, Yunnan Province, is the southern extension of Ailao Mountain and connected with fengshali Nature Reserve in Laos. In 1983, it was established with the approval of the people's Government of Yunnan Province. In June 2003, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the general office of the State Council. The reserve is 2637 meters above sea level, with a total area of 65058 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 75.3%. It is one of the "green deltas" with rich biodiversity in the world.

The main protected objects are tropical seasonal rain forest, mountain rain forest, wet monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem, rare and endangered species represented by Cycas viridis, gibbon Blanchard, black gibbon, Indochina tiger, Malay bear and their habitat ecological environment.

Historical evolution

In May 2003, with the approval of the organization committee of Honghe Prefecture on the establishment of Huanglianshan Nature Reserve Administration Bureau in Luchun, Yunnan Province, Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau was formally established, which is a public institution at the level of deputy county (Department). In June, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the general office of the State Council;

In September 2004, the State Forestry Administration approved the master plan of the construction project of Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province;

In August 2005, the State Forestry Administration approved the feasibility study report of infrastructure construction project in Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve;

On December 12, 2011, the general office of the State Council approved and agreed to adjust the scope of Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan.

geographical environment

position

Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve is located in the central and southern part of Luchun County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is connected with Mengyi National Nature Reserve of the people's Republic of Vietnam across the boundary river between China and Vietnam in the southeast, and connects with fengshali National Nature Reserve of Laos through Mengyi National Nature Reserve of Vietnam.

topographic features

Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve is the middle branch of the three branches in the southern part of Ailao Mountain. It is a fault block mountain composed of clastic rocks and metamorphic rocks of Lower Paleozoic. The ridge is obvious, sandwiched between the Chaka River and the Zhama river. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. It is a geomorphic form of tectonic erosion with the alternation of middle mountain, high mountain and deep valley. There is no basin and wide valley plain. The average altitude is 2000m. The main peak is the source of yaoren River, with an altitude of 2637m.

Ailao Mountain enters Honghe Prefecture from the south of Yuxi area. Divided by Honghe River and its tributaries, Huanglian mountain stands at the south end of the middle mountain. In the broad sense, Huanglian mountain is an inverted triangle mountain surrounded by niukong River, Mengman River Xiaoheijiang River and Lixian River; in the narrow sense, Huanglian mountain is Xiaoheijiang River, and the beam mountain between Mengman River and Zhama river. Huanglianshan nature reserve is distributed around the broad sense of Huanglianshan. Because the mountain is low around, surrounded by deep valleys, and uplifted in the middle, it forms a closed and independent ecosystem.

climate

According to the altitude, Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve can be divided into three climate types: Valley area with an altitude of 600m or below is Changxia Wudong and chunzhoumulian; area with an altitude of 900m to 2300m is sijiruchun; northern mountain area with an altitude of 2300m is Changdong Wuxia and chunchunjunjunlian.

From November to April of the next year, under the control of subcontinental air mass in the region, the weather is sunny, with less cloud, sufficient sunshine, higher temperature and less precipitation, which is called dry season. From May to October, under the control of two warm and humid air streams, the wet season was formed with abundant precipitation, high humidity and less sunshine. The terrain is high in the north, low in the south, high in the East and low in the West. The lowest altitude is 320m, the highest altitude is 2637m, and the relative elevation difference is 2317m. It has obvious mountain climate characteristics, and the climate difference is very prominent.

Huanglianshan Nature Reserve has a northwest southeast trend, which has a significant uplift effect on warm and humid air flow, forcing two air currents to rise along the slope, producing abundant precipitation, and forming a rainy center on the East and west sides of the mountain. In the west, the annual precipitation is 1957.1-2313.3mm, and in the East, 2262.6-2890.7mm. In the north, the terrain is closed, blocking the two warm and humid air flows. It is in the rain shadow area, with an average annual rainfall of 1454.4-1600mm, which is less rain area.

soil

The soil distribution in Huanglianshan nature reserve is mainly vertical. From the foothills of low altitude to the top of high altitude, the soil types are: latosol below 800m altitude; latosolic red soil at 800-1100m altitude; mountain red soil at 1100-1600m altitude; mountain yellow soil at 1600-1900m altitude; mountain yellow brown soil above 1900m altitude. The horizontal distribution pattern is latosol, latosolic red soil, red soil and yellow soil in the southeast and southwest, and yellow brown soil in the north, with yellow brown soil accounting for 34% of the total soil area.

hydrology

The rivers in Luchun County belong to the red river system. There are two main rivers in Huanglianshan nature reserve. One is the Mengman River, which originates from the old side of the north. Mengman river is composed of Chaka River, Lagu River, Xiachu River, Russian Yellow River, HAMA River and other small rivers. It turns from west to East and turns south. At the end, it flows out of the country. Mengman river has a flow of 55km, a drainage area of 535km2, an average flow of 30.5m3/s and an annual flow of 766.5 million cubic meters. The other is the Zhama River, which is formed by the confluence of the tributaries of the Zhani River, the Kaou River, the Mayu River, the Dijia River, the Desong River, and the luola river. The Xiaoheijiang river is composed of the ANI River and the Mengman River, with a flow of 32km, a drainage area of 416km2, and an average annual flow of 3.7m3/s. Abundant water resources not only provide favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants and animals, but also play an important role in the production, life and economic development of the surrounding people.

Area range

The geographical coordinates of Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve are 102 ° 05 ′ 26 ″ - 102 ° 25 ′ 07 ″ E and 22 ° 33 ′ 34 ″ - 22 ° 59 ′ 20 ″ n, with a total area of 65058hm 2 and a forest coverage rate of 75.3%. The highest altitude in the area is 2637m and the lowest is 320m. 0 hectares of non forestry land. Among the forest land, there are 39529.0 hectares of forest land, accounting for 64.0%, 2879.0 hectares of open forest land, accounting for 4.7%, 6578.0 hectares of shrub land, accounting for 10.6%, and 12778.0 hectares of barren hills, accounting for 20.7%. Among the non forestry land, 3294.0 hectares are agricultural land and other land. State owned land accounted for 86.4% and collective land accounted for 13.6%. The altitude of most mountain areas is above 2000m. There are 6 townships (towns), 16 village committees and 134 villager groups in and around the reserve, including Daxing, niukong, sanmeng, qimaba, Banpo and Pinghe.

Protected objects

Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve is a provincial nature reserve of forest ecosystem type. It mainly protects the forest ecosystem dominated by tropical seasonal rain forest, mountain rain forest, wet monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest, and rare and endangered species represented by Cycas viridis, gibbon Blanchard, gibbon nigrum, Indo Chinese tiger, Malay bear and their habitat ecological environment.

① Protect the forest ecosystem of tropical seasonal rain forest, mountain rain forest, wet monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest.

② Protect a large number of rare plants and their habitats, such as Cycas luchunensis, Borneolum tonkinensis, Magnolia leiocarpus, Polei hirsutum, etc.

③ To protect the rare and endangered wild animals such as white cheeked gibbon, black gibbon, Indosinian tiger, Malay bear and their habitats.

Botany

Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve is one of the "green deltas" at the junction of China, Vietnam and Laos. It is also a complete tropical rain forest connecting Southwest China and Southeast Asia, with rich biodiversity.

The nature reserve is the only one with the most complete distribution of multiple vegetation types such as subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain top moss dwarf forest and secondary forest in the tropical nature reserve of Southern Yunnan. It is an indispensable link in the chain of tropical nature reserves in southern Yunnan and a green "corridor" for the exchange of flora and fauna and population.

Tropical seasonal rain forest. It is distributed in the valley below 800m above sea level on the southeast slope of the nature reserve, with a small area. As this area is most seriously affected by human activities, there are many secondary tree species. Cycas luchunensis, a local rare plant, grows under these secondary forests. In addition to Cycas luchunensis, the main tree species are Elaeagnus angustifolia, Michelia pseudoacacia, cariocarpus tomentosa, Pterocarpus menglunensis, Pittosporum pseudoacacia, etc. The secondary plants are huangniumu, Phyllanthus emblica, Mayflower, etc.

Mountain rainforest. This type is only distributed in Baoding

Chinese PinYin : Huang Lian Shan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu