Tongjiang Academy

Feel the Millennium academy culture and taste the culture of farming and reading

Tongjiang Academy

Location of the Academy: it is located between Shanxia village and Banqiao Village, Potan Township, Taizhou

Construction time: Song Qiandao (1165-1172)

Builder: Fang Zhuo

Historical figures: Zhu Xi, Wang Shipeng, etc

brief introduction

Tongjiang Academy was founded by Fang Zhuojian of song Qiandao (1165-1172). It was named Tongjiang because its ancestor, Fang Ying, was from Tonglu. Tongjiang academy is located between Shanxia village and Banqiao Village, Potan Township, Taizhou. According to the local old people, there was a tripod hill in front of Tongjiang Academy at that time, followed by a stream, Jianhu Lake in the East and Daoyuan mountain in the West. Because Fang Zhuo "stands out among the drunken, he is" the teacher of southeast scholars ". Therefore, after the establishment of Tongjiang academy, it was well-known that "scholars from all over the world are connected by tourists." The plaques of "Dingshan hall" and "Tongjiang academy" inscribed by Zhu Xi, Wang Shipeng and other historical celebrities are preserved. Wang Shipeng (1112-1171) was born in Yueqing of Southern Song Dynasty. He was the first scholar in 1157. Zhu Xi (1130-1200) was a philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. He visited Xianju twice and left the word "Dingshan hall" with passion. This plaque with Zhu Xi's original works is still preserved today.

historical origin

”The Song Dynasty cleaned up the chaotic situation of the fragmented Tang and Five Dynasties, and maintained a relatively long-term unity and stability

The emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty "can't let others snore on the side of his bed". He only kept half of the country, and his national power was far less powerful than that of the Han and Tang Dynasties. The imperial examination system was further improved, which greatly relaxed the way for ordinary people's children to become officials. The huge bureaucracy makes the government and the public usher in an unprecedented era in culture, which can be described as "inheriting the Han and Tang Dynasties, enlightening the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and introducing creation."

In particular, the prosperity of Confucianism in Song Dynasty gradually affected the people from the temple, and received a wide range of responses from the people. After 90 years of peace and prosperity of Wu and Yue Kingdom, the economy and culture of Zhejiang Province has been very prosperous, which has a profound impact on later generations. In 1048 A.D., Chen Xiang was appointed magistrate of Xianju County. He founded a school, expanded the Confucian temple, and wrote "the text of persuading learning" and "the text of persuading the common people" to learn, which started the style of Confucianism. According to the song and Yuan learning plan

The Xianju people who Chen Xiang personally taught his disciples were like LV Fengshi and Chen Di. From then on, there were many scholars and scholars in Xianju. "In the Southern Song Dynasty, the couch was even shrunk from an eight foot square bed to a camp bed."

The Southern Song Dynasty could only settle in Lin'an (now Hangzhou), which became the political, economic and cultural center of the whole country. This change is fundamental to the two Zhejiang provinces. The peaceful Southern Song Dynasty had no intention of the northern expedition, and greatly promoted the cultural administration. In addition to the state and county official schools founded by the government, folk academies are constantly emerging. With the development of printing industry, book publishing is quite convenient, and a large number of classic books flow into the folk. In the gentry class, the influential scholars and Confucians were the leaders of the intellectual circle, forming the main way of folk knowledge dissemination. Academies shared the responsibility of the imperial court to cultivate talents for the imperial examination. With its academic independence, the new Neo Confucianism was widely spread and the leaders of the intellectual circles were respected. The establishment of Tongjiang academy further promoted the spread of Confucianism in Xianju, and had a profound impact on the academic circles in southeast Zhejiang. Tongjiang academy is two miles east of Potan ancient town, east of Shanxia village and west of Banqiao Village. The Academy looks at Yongan River in the north, Jianhu Lake in the East, and Daoyuan mountain, Mianshan mountain and Chishan mountain in the southwest

. The Academy was founded in the reign of emperor Qiandao of Song Dynasty (1165-1173 A.D.) and was built by Fang Zhuo, the ninth grandson of Fang Gan, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Most of the villagers in Shanxia and Banqiao villages are descendants of Fang Gan. Fang Gan's poems are excellent, but he is ugly and likes to make fun of others. When he sees people he doesn't like, he worships them on the spot, which is called "Fang Sanbai". When he was young, the article was appreciated by Yao he, the governor of Qiantang. The chaotic political situation in the late Tang Dynasty made him wander in the mountains and rivers all his life. Fang Gan and Sun Ying are friendly. "He has tasted Yingli, loved its beautiful landscape, and lived in his family. Later, his son and grandson lived here."

. Fang Gan was nostalgic for the landscape of Sun Ying's hometown Xianju, so he took his family members to live in Potan Banqiao. Fang Gan finally lived in seclusion in Kuaiji. After his death, Zhang Wenwei, the prime minister, played the imperial court's award of Jinshi, and his posthumous title was "Mr. Xuanying". In fact, the eighth generation of Fanggan's grandchildren really returned to the place where Fanggan once lived and settled here. The name of the academy and the corresponding Jianhu Lake around it are all named in memory of Fang Gan, who was born in Tonglu, Zhejiang Province. The founder of the Academy, Fang Zhuo, named Zongpu, haozimu, also known as Mr. Weixi, was a special Jinshi in 1172. Fang Zhuo founded Tongjiang Academy with Fang's family property, and "set up dozens of acres of Yitian beside it to prepare for the four sides to learn the tuition fees, which was a gathering of scholars for a time.". Mr. Weixi's ancestral hall by Zheng Gongli

He said that "in Shaoxing, he was the leader of Confucianism, respected by scholars, and called Mr. Weixi." "Mr. Wei was determined to be strong, to keep strong, to devote himself to the six classics, and stood out in the wake of the crowd, so he was the teacher of southeast scholars." Fang had many disciples, such as Fang Gang, Zhang Bu, Huang Yi and so on. There are many scholars from the Academy, such as Fang Yixin, a special Jinshi in the second year of Duanping (1235 A.D.), Fang Chu, a Jinshi in martial arts in the third year of JINGDING (1262 A.D.), and Fang Yu, a Jinshi in martial arts in the first year of Xianchun (1265 A.D.). At that time, the emergence of Tongjiang academy as a folk academic institution not only promoted the achievements of the local imperial examination, but also cultivated a large number of literati and Confucians. What's more valuable is that with Tongjiang academy as the carrier, Fang Yu attracted the first-class scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty with his personal charm and academic accomplishment. Such as Zhu Xi, Wu Fu, Wang Shipeng, Chen Yong and other people's contact with Fang, which formed a relatively fixed academic circle, and honed each other. In the ninth year of Chunxi reign (1182 AD), Zhu Xi promoted the tea and salt affairs in eastern Zhejiang and was also in charge of Taizhou Taoist temple. He sent his son to study in Tongjiang academy and wrote two plaques of "Tongjiang academy" and "Dingshan hall" in calligraphy. Banqiao Fangshi genealogy in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty

It also includes a poem about sending a son to Tongjiang Academy in Banqiao, which is said to be Zhu Xi: "when Han Yu sent a Fu, the lights in the south of the city were in the early autumn. I send Lang Tongjiang River, willow brush water spring fish. If you ask Confucianist wind, cloud window snow case deep skill. If you ask about farming, you will plough and hoe in spring. My father, I hope you will shine at the gate and study hard. " According to Banqiao Fang's genealogy, Wang Shipeng also wrote two plaques in his hand, namely, the "southeast Taoist family" and the "Neo Confucianism mingzong". In the 27th year of Shaoxing (1157 A.D.), Wang Shipeng personally criticized "the study of Confucian classics, Yan Tong and the discussion of Chun Zheng" with the pen of Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty

, number one on the list. In the 31st year of Shaoxing (1161 AD), Wang Shipeng urged Gaozong to send troops to fight against Jin, and recommended Zhang Jun and Liu Bi. Gaozong adopted Wang Shipeng's suggestion. Because of the pressure of the moderates, he had no choice but to ask to step down. Finally, Gaozong asked him to be in charge of Taizhou Taoist temple. Wang Shipeng met Fang. Before he became an official, they admired each other. At the beginning of the association, Tongjiang Academy had not yet been built, and the two plaques were inscribed in charge of Taizhou Taoist temple. Wang Shipeng knew Fang and Chen Yong through Wu Fu, and so did Zhu Xi. Wu Fu was the first Yueqing County captain in 1132 ad. during his tenure, he regarded official affairs as his own and official affairs as private affairs. It is better to offend the Shangguan than the common people. "

Wang Shipeng praised it as "the first in Wu's administration". Similar to Wang Shipeng, when Wu Fu was the censor of the Song Dynasty, the two Huai armies of the Song Dynasty failed to resist Jin, and the Jin soldiers invaded the Yangtze River. He repeatedly played the role of Emperor Gaozong in Jiankang (now Nanjing), actively resisting Jin, in order to boost the morale of the song army. Wang and Wu had a good personal relationship, and some poems were passed down to later generations. Wu Fu also recommended his student Chen Yong to Wang Shipeng, who was very speculative with Chen Yong. In the ninth year of Chunxi's reign, Chen Yong, who was in Jiangxi Province at that time, heard that Zhu Xi was in Taizhou and had made a special trip to "send it to Zhejiang Pavilion". Zhu Xi came to Xianju and paid a special visit to Wu Fu, who lived in seclusion in huameitan, Guanlu. It is said that Zhu Xi's visit led to Wu Fu's "wild clothes" and invited him to live and drink on the lake. In my life, I feel deeply

They are not only like each other politically and academically, but also have a life-long communication. After Chen Yong's death, Zhu Xi wrote two elegiac poems: "one is to say goodbye to the present time, and three years later, he wanted to praise it.". Only now empty old tears, rarely turbid river clear "in memory of his best friend. Wang Shipeng in Chen Tixing Elegy

It is called "Dihua, Yurun, Wenjie, Qiande, Youguang, send wonderful words". In the seventh year of Qiandao reign (1171 AD), Wang Shipeng became an official with a Bachelor of LongTuge, and died in the hometown of Yueqing. When Zhu Xi visited Fang, Wang Shipeng had already gone by the crane fairy. In Zhu Xi's works, Wang Shipeng said that "he is a person who has broad virtue and is wise, who knows new things and will take measures, but he is a person who has refined learning and is moderate and respectful of Rites."

. In the following year, Wu Fu left for the West. Zhu Xi wrote three elegy poems, and wrote a tablet of God standing in front of Wu Fu's tomb. In the elegy, Zhu Xi said that Wu Fu was "looking forward to Taiwan Province and going to the rivers and lakes.". When you hear three remonstrations, you will have a hundred years of thinking about politics. "

Tongjiang academy has been destroyed and built for many times in the past dynasties. Since then, Confucianism has been recited in Xianju, and it has emerged from the Confucianism of Tongjiang Academy

Chinese PinYin : Tong Jiang Shu Yuan