Water law

Water law

Dashuifa site is a part of xiyanglou (European palaces) in Yuanmingyuan, Beijing. The main scenery of xibulou scenic spot is the artificial fountain, which is called "water method" at that time. It is characterized by large quantity, great momentum and peculiar design. It mainly forms three large-scale fountains, which are the quintessence of Chinese and Western culture. Dashuifa is adjacent to Haiyantang in the West. At the intersection of the north-south axis of Changchun Garden and the east-west axis of xiyanglou, it is the most spectacular European fountain landscape in the garden. In 1860, when the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing, the Yuanmingyuan Garden was devastated. Among them, the British troops set fire to it. Today, only a few marble pillars of Dashuifa and yuanyingguan stand there, recording the heinous crimes of the British and French allied forces in destroying Chinese culture.

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survey

The well-known bronze statue of the zodiac animal head in Yuanmingyuan comes from the fountain in front of Haiyantang (another building on the west side of Dashuifa) in xiyanglou scenic area, not from Dashuifa.

[name source]: Shuifa, or fountain, is a Chinese translation in the early days of its introduction into China. The great water method is the Great Fountain.

Practical information

admission ticket

The ticket is 10 yuan

The joint ticket includes the ticket for the Western tower site scenic spot (including Dashuifa, exhibition hall and labyrinth), 25 yuan.

Opening Hours

With the opening hours of Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park

Traffic information

Take bus No.1, take bus No.319, 320, 331 and get off at the South Gate of Yuanmingyuan. 2. Take bus 365, 432, te4, Yuntong 105, Yuntong 205, 717, 982, 429 and 699 to Yuanmingyuan East Road station. Take Metro Line 4, get off at Yuanmingyuan station, and get out from exit B.

Modeling features

From the restoration picture, we can see that Dashuifa faces south. It is a group of fountains with a stone niche building as the background. Inside the oval chrysanthemum style fountain, there is a "hound chasing deer" fountain, and there are 13 level water spray towers in front of the left and right, which are magnificent when they open together.

The shape of Dashuifa building is a stone niche, which is similar to the door opening. Below there is a large lion head spraying water, forming seven layers of water curtain. In the center of the pool, there is a copper sika deer, which sprays water eight times from its antlers; two servants have ten copper dogs, which spray water from their mouths directly on the deer, splashing layers of spray. It is commonly known as "hound chasing deer".

On the left and right in front of Dashuifa, there are huge water spray towers. The towers are square, 13 stories, and the top spouts water column. There are 88 copper pipes around the tower, which also spray water together.

Nearby buildings

Yuanyingguan, a Western bell tower style hall on the north side of Dashuifa, was built in 1783. The doors and windows are inlaid with glass, with a total of 1206 pieces. Dozens of high stone pillars in Yuanying temple are all high-quality white marble, especially those on both sides of Zhongquan. The capitals and bodies of the pillars are full of drooping grape patterns. The carving is excellent, and the branches and leaves are lively. It is really a treasure of art.

The water watching method is called the water watching method, which has a throne and a stone carving screen for the emperor to watch the fountain from the south to the north. Both the great water law and the water watching law were built around 1759 (the 24th year of Qianlong). Located at the south end of the central axis of yuanyingguan, the water watching method was the place where Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty watched the water spraying scenery. It includes the platform on which the emperor's throne is placed, the stone screen behind the throne and the Baroque stone doors on both sides. On both sides of the door there is a huge water tower and a pool for receiving water spray. All kinds of animals are set up beside the pool according to the situation, which is semicircular, indicating the game of animal war and deer competition in the forest.

Construction and destruction

Dashui law was designed and supervised by P. Michel Benoit, a European missionary. European countries sent envoys to visit Yuanmingyuan. In the 12th year of Qianlong's reign, a messenger introduced the European water law to Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong wanted to build a westernized palace in Yuanmingyuan. The inside and outside of the Palace should be equipped with automatic sprinkler. Giuseppe Castiglione, another Italian missionary, introduced his friend Jiang Youren to participate in the design work. Jiang Youren's major is to preach in China. Construction engineering is not his specialty, but he studies mathematics and keeps many books on fountain construction. Jiang Youren designed the water spraying project of Yuanmingyuan by using the knowledge of mathematics and referring to the patterns and words in books, and named it "Dashui method".

At that time, the emperor was sitting in the water watching area opposite to the water law. The British envoys magorny and the Dutch envoys Desheng, who watched this group of fountains, all "looked forward to" the wonders of water law here. In 1793 (the 58th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), the British envoy magorni visited here. It is said that if all the fountains are open, it will be like a mountain torrent breaking out. If you talk near you, you have to make gestures. You can imagine how spectacular it is.

But sadly, shortly after the completion of Dashuifa, Emperor Qianlong ordered that the mechanical water supply system of Dashuifa be closed and replaced by manual water lifting. The reason was that the mechanical skill was not enough to rely on. Qianlong's attitude towards science and technology was worse than that of Yongzheng. He thought that only Sabre was right. He still followed the same method as 2000 years ago and closed his door to the outside world.

In 1793, the British Empire sent a delegation to visit the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong told his special envoy, Lord magarney, that the Qing Dynasty was a great power in China, and there was no need to communicate with barbarians. After seeing the Old Summer Palace and being shocked, Lord magarney said when he left: the Qing state is like a tattered first-class warship. Without a good commander, there will be no discipline and security.

In 1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng), the Old Summer Palace, including Dashuifa, was destroyed by the British and French allied forces. Twelve animal heads and a large number of treasures were sent overseas, and the Old Summer Palace was destroyed. But on the issue of who is the culprit, the French believe that the British and Chinese bandits have done the same damage as the French. The invasion of China by the Allied forces of the eight powers in 1900 made it more and more dilapidated. After 1910 (the second year of Xuantong), the remaining carved stone heart of shipingfeng was transported to Langrun garden by Zai Tao and returned to its original place in 1977.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Yuanmingyuan site was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. After years of renovation, the site office has begun to take shape, and most of the mountain shaped water system has been restored, which reproduces the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, which is dependent on mountains and rivers. There are tens of thousands of trees in the park. A small number of restored garden buildings have reappeared the glory of the past. Some important sites have been protected and renovated, forming a grand site community represented by the Western Tower.

Historical status

In many people's minds, the ruins of Dashuifa are the symbol of Yuanmingyuan. Yuanmingyuan was robbed and suffered a hundred years of wind and rain. Most of the stone materials near Dashuifa are mainly made of stone. The remaining giant carved pillars, stone niches and stone screen wind are still very eye-catching and spectacular, and become a must for tourists.

In September 2008, the official logo of Yuanmingyuan was released. The three characters of "Yuanmingyuan" are in the form of seal script, which has evolved into the landmark site of "Dashuifa".

In primary school textbooks, "the destruction of Yuanmingyuan" is also based on the water law.

Site protection

In view of the phenomenon of tourists climbing the Dashuifa site, the Yuanmingyuan Management Office has drawn up a cordon from November 2008 to stop tourists from climbing. Meanwhile, special patrol will be arranged every day. The Dashuifa site of xiyanglou in Yuanmingyuan has been surrounded by yellow and white warning lines. There are signs around it that "everyone is responsible for protecting cultural relics. Please don't climb and scribble.". The tourists who came to visit took photos outside the cordon.

Yang Laiyun, director of the information center of the Yuanmingyuan Management Office, said that the xishuanglou scenic spot where Dashuifa is located is the symbol of Yuanmingyuan, but it has always been climbed by tourists, and some tourists have carved and painted on it, causing damage to the site; at the same time, with the age of a long time, part of the building foundation of the site is not very stable and dangerous. "In order to stop tourists climbing, the management office began to take the method of drawing the warning line during November 2008, which has achieved very good results."

He also said that the Yuanmingyuan Management Office has submitted the protection plan of the Western Tower Scenic Spot to the State Administration of cultural relics. In the planning, it is planned to build a viewing passage in the middle of the "Dashuifa" scenic spot, "this passage will follow the original historical appearance and restore the way the emperor walked in and out of Dashuifa as far as possible, so that visitors can experience the way the emperor walked." At the same time, a viewing platform suitable for taking photos will be set up to facilitate tourists to watch the site from a close distance, Yang said. In addition, the protection plan also plans to reinforce the buildings in the West Building scenic area, and the whole protection project will be completed within one year. Before the completion of the protection project, "Dashuifa" scenic area will be cordoned off.

In January 2009, the cordon of Yuanmingyuan Western Tower Scenic Spot was removed, and then workers entered, and iron protective fence was installed in the surrounding area of Dashuifa scenic spot. These iron fences are more than one meter high. In addition, iron fences will be installed in the west of Haiyantang, including shell stone carvings and fountain pools.

Yuanmingyuan Management Office official said that this time

Chinese PinYin : Da Shui Fa