Heixiazi Island

Nearly half of the Heixiazi islands in Russia have been returned to China.

Heixiazi Island

Heixiazi Island, also known as Fuyuan Delta and big Wusuli island in Russia, is located in Heixiazi Island town, Fuyuan City, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. It is located at the intersection of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River. It is a territory of China in history and was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1929.

Since 2004, the western half of the country has been under the administration of the people's Republic of China and the eastern half of the country has been under the administration of the Russian Federation. On November 23, 2010, China and Russia jointly published the 15th regular meeting between Chinese and Russian prime ministers. The United Daily News said that "both sides will jointly carry out comprehensive development of Heixiazi Island", and the territory of Heixiazi Island is under the jurisdiction of Fuyuan city and its infrastructure construction. On March 30, 2012, Heixiazi Island public security frontier defense of Heilongjiang Provincial Public Security Frontier Defense Corps officially implemented normalized public security and border management in the Chinese area of Heixiazi Island.

Historical evolution

the ming dynasty

According to the records of Fuyuan County annals, from 1431 (the ninth year of Yongle) to 1433 (the eighth year of Xuande), the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty was also lost. He led a large fleet of ships through Heixiazi Island ten times.

Qing Dynasty

In 1854, the Qing government set up Kalun (border guard) at the mouth of the Wusuli River in the northeast corner of the island. It is under the jurisdiction of Fuyuan city of Heilongjiang Province in China's administrative divisions. In 1884, it was transferred to fukejin association to lead Yamen to send troops to garrison.

In 1901, 15 families including Feng Delu, Ge Yunshan and defk (Hezhe nationality) went to live on the island.

Republic of China

In 1927, a family of five, Zhu Ruichen, a resident of Fuyuan City, moved to Heixiazi Island, where he raised two horses and cultivated some land.

At the beginning of 1928, the governor of Suiyuan county (now Fuyuan city) sent people to Heixiazi Island to investigate. It was found that there were 30 Chinese households and 17 Soviet households living on the island. They all made a living by fishing and mowing grass. The Soviet Union did not have any equipment on the island, but sometimes sent troops to inspect the island.

Heixiazi Island was occupied by the Soviet Army on September 29, 1929. After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese Kwantung Army confronted the Soviet Army along the border, and Heixiazi Island became the front position of the Soviet army to defend Boli.

In 1929, the Northeast local authorities of the Chinese Kuomintang took back the telegraph and telephone rights of the Middle East Railway and repatriated the Soviet Union's staff. This triggered a large-scale armed conflict between China and the Soviet Union for the ownership of the Middle East Railway, and the national government declared war on the Soviet Union. In the end, the Northeast authorities were defeated. On December 20 of that year, Zhang Xueliang sent representatives to sign the Boli agreement with the Soviet side. Heixiazi Island, the territory of China, was seized by the Soviet Red Army during the armed conflict. This is the largest "conflict" between China and the Soviet Union in history. As a result, the "Middle East Railway Incident" returned to the origin, that is, the Soviets regained the "right to work" on the Middle East Railway. However, Heixiazi Island has become a treasure of the Soviet Union ever since. Before the end of the 1950s, there was no restriction for Chinese to get on and off Heixiazi Island. After the Sino Soviet relations became hostile, the Chinese and Soviet border forces strengthened their guard against the surrounding areas of Heixiazi Island. Since then, the Chinese have been unable to land on the island.

However, since the Middle East Road incident in 1929, the former Soviet Union (now Russia) has been exercising jurisdiction over the island, which belongs to Khabarovsk, Russia. It is a closed island surrounded by water on three sides.

Heixiazi Island has been under military control since the Middle East Road incident in 1929. There are five border posts in Yinlong Island, Beidai island and Orthodox Church. Along the Chinese side of the island with barbed wire about 40 kilometers, Fuyuan waterway up and down the mouth of the Russian gunboat garrison.

Russia has built two farms on the island: one is located on the South Bank of Heilongjiang Province in the middle and north of the island, with 15 buildings, mostly five floors, a factory building, a water tower, three chimneys, four vertical oil tanks and a club. In 1984, Shuguang farm was built in the central and eastern part of Heixiazi Island, with 6074 hectares of cultivated land, 31.6 kilometers of 2-6 meter high waterproof dam and ring road built. On Mingyue Island, Russia has built Amur Waterway Bureau and shiprepair factory, seven two-story buildings, one bungalow, one water tower, one chimney, and asphalt roads in residential areas.

According to the records of Fuyuan County annals, at 1:00 p.m. on September 6, 1929, the Soviet army launched an all-round attack on Wusu town. Under the command of Guo Zhankui, the adjutant of the battalion, the officers and soldiers of the 7th and 8th companies of the 2nd Battalion of the 42nd regiment of the 9th Brigade of the Northeast Chinese Army rose up to resist. In the evening, Wusu town was lost because of being outnumbered, and all the Chinese defenders were killed. The town of Wusu was in ruins under the Soviet artillery fire.

After that, 200000 people from both sides fought fiercely for more than a month, the Northeast Army was defeated, and the former Soviet Union took advantage of the situation to occupy Heixiazi Island, which caused one of the most difficult problems between China and Russia in the future. After the "Middle East Railway Incident" in 1929, Zhu Ruichen and other residents were forced to move down from Heixiazi Island one after another.

After the Middle East Road incident in 1929, the former Soviet Union occupied Heixiazi Island.

The People's Republic of China

Since 1954, Chinese fishermen can no longer go to the island. On February 23, 1964, China and the Soviet Union began negotiations on their ownership. However, with the Sino Soviet confrontation in 1969, the Soviet Union began to immigrate to the island.

On the North Bank of the confluence of Fuyuan waterway and Wusuli River, in October 1999, Russia built a 28 meter high Orthodox Church, a small heliport nearby, and two high-voltage power lines on the island. In July 2001, a lock dam was built in the middle of Yinlong waterway to protect the slope. In Wusuli River near novo village, there are 107 floating boats, with a total length of 800 meters. There are fixed piers at both ends of the bridge, which can be used by cars.

On March 30, 2012, Heixiazi Island Public Security Frontier duty station of Heilongjiang Provincial Public Security Frontier Corps held an unveiling ceremony. According to the head of Jiamusi Public Security Frontier detachment of Heilongjiang Provincial Public Security Frontier Corps, the move marks the formal implementation of normalized public security and border management by the public security frontier forces in the Chinese area of Heixiazi Island. According to the unified deployment of the border defense Bureau of the Ministry of public security of China and the Heilongjiang provincial government, from March 30, 2012, the public security border defense forces officially performed the inspection and release of the people and vehicles who landed on the island, and fully undertook the public security management task in the Chinese region of the island.

The eastern section of the border between China and Russia is bounded by the Wusuli River and Heilongjiang. As treasure island, Heixiazi Island and other islands are located on the boundary river, Russia and the Soviet Union have claimed sovereignty over Treasure Island and other islands. After the Middle East Road incident in 1929, the former Soviet Union occupied Heixiazi Island.

In July 2001, China and Russia held the fourth negotiation and signed the Sino Russian Treaty of good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation.

On October 14, 2004, the boundary dispute between the two sides was settled. China and Russia have reached an agreement on Heixiazi Island. According to the "supplementary agreement between the people's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the eastern section of the Sino Russian border" signed by China and Russia, Russia will return all the occupied Yinlong Island, part of the territory of Heixiazi Island, and most of the territory of abakatuzhuzhu on the Erguna river near Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, to China.

China regained half of its sovereignty over Heixiazi Island and obtained 171 square kilometers of land. Among them, Yinlong Island, the second largest, belongs to China because it is located in the northwest of Heixiazi Island. Russia retains the eastern half of greater Ussuri (Heixiazi Island), including chumka village and villas of Russian residents. Russia has also begun to dismantle the island's defense facilities. However, the two sides agreed that the contents of the agreement would not be made public, so the above statement has not been officially confirmed.

In 2005, the Russian State Duma, the Council of the Russian Federation and the National People's Congress of China successively approved the above-mentioned agreements, thus ending the final settlement of the Heixiazi Island and even the Sino Russian border issue.

In April 2005, the Russian government ratified the supplementary agreement. The previous month, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China also adopted a decision on the ratification of the supplementary agreement between the people's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the eastern section of the Sino Russian border.

So far, not only has the dispute over the territory of Heixiazi Island settled, but the 4300 kilometer long border between China and Russia has also been confirmed. On October 14, 2008, the Chinese and Russian governments held the "Unveiling Ceremony of boundary posts in the eastern section of the Sino Russian border" on Heixiazi Island. Half of the territory of Heixiazi Island, which has attracted much attention, returned to China. About 171 square kilometers of land on the west side of Heixiazi Island and its waters were officially assigned to China. It marks the establishment of the 4300 kilometer long border line between China and Russia.

As Khabarovsk (Boli) is close to Heixiazi Island and the gateway of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River, it has an important strategic position. It is also the choke point of the Heilongjiang sea passage. It goes down the Heilongjiang River through Khabarovsk, and reaches Temple Street, tartar Strait and Sakhalin Island. At the same time, Khabarovsk is the throat of the Siberian Railway to Vladivostok.

As early as the 1970s, Soviet scholars in the eastern part of Heixiazi Island excavated a cemetery on a sand dune five or six kilometers northwest of korsakovo village. A total of 366 tombs were excavated, revealing a relatively complete burial remains of Nuzhen culture. More than 3000 artifacts were unearthed, mainly pottery, as well as iron, bronze, gold and silver

Chinese PinYin : Hei Xia Zi Dao