Le you yuan

Leyouyuan is a loess tableland located in the northeast of Dayan Pagoda and the north of Qujiang Lake in the southern suburb of Xi'an city. The tableland is about 4 kilometers long and 200-350 meters wide, 10-20 meters higher than the flat land on both sides, with the highest altitude of 467 meters. In fact, leyouyuan is a ridge like highland left on the third terrace of Weihe River due to river erosion. In the south of leyouyuan, there are Dayan Pagoda and qujiangchi, on which there is Qinglong Temple site. In the site, there are also empty sea Monument and memorial hall, and many rare cherry blossoms are planted. It is a good place for people to go for spring outing. Leyou was originally named after Han Dynasty. As early as 2000 years ago in the Qin and Han Dynasties, qujiangchi area was famous for its beautiful scenery. During the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, it was called Yueyou garden. Once, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty and empress Xu went on a trip here. He was so infatuated with the beautiful scenery that he was "happy but not homesick". Later, Yueyou temple was built here. Yueyou was named after the temple. Yueyou was the highest point of Chang'an City in Tang Dynasty. The terrain is high, flat and open, which is the best scenic spot for climbing. Princess Taiping of Tang dynasty built pavilions here, and built the largest private garden at that time - Princess Taiping manor. Han Yu's poem "visiting Princess Taiping Village" says: "the princess wanted to occupy spring in those years, so she escorted the pavilion to the city. She wanted to know how many flowers were in front of her until Nanshan was not human." Only one garden on leyouyuan was confiscated for Princess Taiping's rebellion, and then it was given to the four kings of Ning, Shen, Qi and Xue. It is enough to imagine the scale of leyouyuan at that time. Later, the four kings greatly promoted the construction, and became a natural scenic spot characterized by Gangyuan. The terrain of leyouyuan is towering. You can see from afar. It's spacious all around. You can see from the top of the capital like a palm. At the same time, it is not far away from the lotus garden in Qujiang in the South and the wild goose pagoda in the southwest. If you look at it in front of you, the scenery and people will be more comfortable. Therefore, there are many tourists here. In particular, "every March has been on, September Chongyang, ladies game, this pull wedge climbing, strategizing cloud cloth, horse and cart filling." Du Fu described leyouyuan as "the ancient garden of leyouyuan is lush and lush, the smoke is soft and the green grass is luxuriant and long"; Tang Yanqian praised leyouyuan as "the apricot is gorgeous and the peach is beautiful and the sunset is beautiful, leyouyuan has no temple and has a time of life"; Li pin described the scenery of leyouyuan in spring: "there is no worry about the poplars, and the snow is falling all over the sky.". While "the cool air is clear in the morning, and the autumn is light when you look at it from a height", "the rainbow is cut off by trees and cicadas, and there is a west wind on the Yueyou plain", it describes the charming scenery of Yueyou plain in autumn.

Le you yuan

Yueyouyuan is a poem written by Li Shangyin in Tang Dynasty. This poem praises the wild scenery before dusk and expresses one's feelings. The first two sentences point out the reasons for the visit to Guyuan: due to the discomfort at dusk, I drove to Guyuan; the second two sentences strongly praise the beauty of the evening scenery: under the setting sun, I painted a golden world. The latter two sentences have always been popular, with rich connotations and high aesthetic and ideological values. The language of the poem is as clear as words, without any decoration, with bright rhythm, deep sigh and rich philosophy.

Original works

Leyouyuan (1)

Xiang Wanyi is uncomfortable. He drives to Guyuan.

The setting sun is infinitely good, just near dusk.

Note translation

Notes on words and sentences

(1) yueyouyuan: in the south of Chang'an (today's Xi'an), it was the highest terrain in Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty established Yueyou temple, also known as Yueyou garden. It is expected that Chang'an city will be built on it. Leyou was originally a part of Yichun garden in the Qin Dynasty and got its name in the early Western Han Dynasty. According to Xuandi Ji in the book of Han Dynasty, "in the third year of shenjue, I began to enjoy the garden.". Xu, the first empress of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, died and was buried here after childbirth. Because of the homonym of "Yuan" and "Yuan", leyouyuan was known as "leyouyuan". It is recorded in guanzhongji that Emperor Xuan Xu Hou was buried in Yueyou li of Chang'an County. The temple was built in the north of Qujiang pool. It was called Yueyou Temple because of the name of yuan (which was wrongly written as burial character in Chang'an annals)

(2) evening: evening. Discomfort: displeasure, displeasure.

(3) Guyuan: refers to leyouyuan.

(4) near: soon.

Vernacular translation

In the evening, I was in a bad mood and drove to Guyuan.

The setting sun is infinitely beautiful, but it's just close to dusk.

Creative background

Yueyou used to be a tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty. Until the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Yueyou was still a good place for people in the capital. At the same time, because of its high geographical location, it is easy to see, so scholars often come here to write poems to express their feelings. The poets of Tang Dynasty left nearly a hundred pearly quatrains in leyouyuan, which has always been praised by people, and the poet Li Shangyin is one of them.

Li Shangyin lived in the late Tang Dynasty, when the national fortune was coming to an end. Although he had ambition, he could not exert it and was very unsuccessful. When Li Shangyin was twenty-five years old, he was elected by Linghu Luo, the son of Linghu Chu. Soon after Linghu Chu died, he was respected by Wang Maozhi, and Wang married his daughter to him. Because Wang Maozhi was an important figure in Li's party, Li Shangyin was unable to extricate himself from the struggle between Niu and Li, and he was extremely frustrated in officialdom. This song "yueyouyuan" is a true portrayal of his depression.

Notes on Li Yishan's poetry anthology by Cheng Mengxing: "this poem was written in the fourth and fifth years of Huichang (844 and 845), when Yishan went to Heyang, retreated to Taiyuan, traveled to and from the capital, and had a good time to travel. It was a poem, which was written by emperor Wuzong. Wu Zong Ying was a bit like Han Xuan. He took Deyu as his prime minister, Ke Zelu as his prime minister, and took Taiyuan as his prime minister. In the Tang Dynasty, he had great achievements, so he called it "the setting sun is infinitely good.". But he favored the king and built wangxiantai outside, and appointed Taoist Liu xuanjing as a bachelor. With his skill, he could not feel sorry for his illness. Those who know it know that it will not last forever, so Yishan worries about it, thinking that it is "near dusk."

Appreciation of works

Overall appreciation

The poem reflects the author's sadness. When the poet embarked on the Yueyou plain to relieve his feeling of "discomfort", he saw a brilliant sunset setting sun, so he was filled with emotion.

The first two sentences of the poem "feel uncomfortable in the evening, drive up to Guyuan" point out the time and reason of climbing Guyuan. "Xiangwan" means it's getting dark, and "discomfort" means unhappiness. The poet was in a melancholy mood. In order to relieve his boredom, he drove his car out to look at the scenery, so he boarded Guyuan, or leyouyuan. Since ancient times, poets and poets have always been sentimental and thoughtful. When they climb the mountain and look far away, they are more likely to arouse endless thoughts: the sadness of family and country, the feeling of life experience, the feelings of ancient and modern times, and the thoughts of man and nature, which are often intricate and intertwined. They have thousands of sorrows and are almost impossible to describe. As soon as Chen Zi'ang ascended the ancient platform of Youzhou, he sighed that "the heaven and the earth are long" and this is probably the most representative example. Li Shangyin drove to Guyuan this time, but not to seek emotion, but to relieve his feeling of "feeling uncomfortable at night".

The last two sentences "the setting sun is infinitely good, but it's just near dusk" describe such a picture: the afterglow is reflected, the sunset is over, the sky is full, the mountain is congealed with rouge, and the atmosphere is myriad. The poet melts the feeling of the decline of the times, the pain of the decline of his family and country, and the sorrow of his life experience into the scene of the sunset. "Infinite good" is a warm praise of the setting sun. However, the word "just" turns to a deep sadness. This is the deep sigh of the poet's inability to retain the beautiful things. These two sentences are ancient sayings with profound philosophy, which contain such an intention: the reason why the scenery is so enchanting is that it appears infinitely beautiful at dusk. Some people think that the sunset is the lament of the old man's sorrow for poverty and the end of his life; others think that it is the poet's love for life and persistence in the world, which is the spirit of positive optimism. In fact, this is not only a natural scene under the setting sun, but also an exclamation of the times. Through the brief prosperity of the Tang Empire at that time, the poet Li Shangyin foresaw the serious social crisis and expressed his helpless feelings. The broad and profound philosophical meaning contained in these two poems has been widely quoted in later generations, and borrowed from all aspects of human society; it also extends, sublimates and even works against its meaning, turning negative into positive, turning decadent into magic, and producing a new meaning. Therefore, it has high aesthetic value and ideological value.

This poem does not need any allusion, its language is as clear as words, it has no carving, its rhythm is bright, its sigh is deep, and it is full of philosophy. It is rare in Li's poems, so it is also valuable.

Comments on celebrities

Yanzhou Shihua: juefan wrote lengzhaiyehua, which said: "poetry to Li Yishan, is an article of misfortune." At this point, the servant frowned and said, "the setting sun is infinitely good, but it's just near dusk." Juefan said, "I understand the meaning of Zi." Delete immediately. Today's printed version still exists, and the cover has been handed out before.

Collection of Tang Poetry: Yang Chengzhai said: this poem worries about the decline of Tang Zuo.

Wu Changqi said: two sentences are like poems, but they are also the first choice. People in Song Dynasty said that Yu tangzuo was not necessary.

Li Yishan's Poetry Anthology: he Zhuo said: the feeling of twilight, the pain of sinking, the feeling of touching, the sadness is infinite. Also said: sigh again when there is no Xuandi can be Zhongxing, Tang Zuo will also be reduced. Zhu YIZUN said: it's time for the Tang family to decline. Ji Yun said: all kinds of feelings are boundless and intermingle at one time, which is called sad life experience and worry about current affairs. Also said: the last two sentences have always been appreciated, the real wonderful in the first sentence inverted, but the word has roots. Or that "sunset" two near small words, this kind of full of meaning to the end of the language, or for nothing, rely on two vigorous enough to save the ear.

Notes on Li Yishan's Poetry Anthology: Yao peiqian said: the words of ecstasy are too much to recite.

Poetry of Yuxi life: when current events meet, they are all in it, and they are full of cadence.

A brief account of the changes of poetic methods

Chinese PinYin : Le You Yuan