The Yellow River plank road site

The Yellow River plank road site

The Yellow River plank road site is located in the North Bank of laoyashi Yanhe River from Sanmen township to Caochuan Town, Pinglu County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province

The outer side of the plank road is adjacent to the Yellow River, and the inner wall of the plank road is made of rocks, most of which are in the shape of "concave". The top of the plank road is generally arc-shaped, with a height of about 3 meters from the road surface, all between 2 meters and 10 meters. The well preserved pavement width can reach more than 2.5 meters

.

From 1955 to 1957, a 625 meter long plank road and seven sections of plank road were found in the Yellow River plank road site

. In 1997, archaeological survey found 40 sites of the Yellow River plank road, with a total length of more than 5000 meters. The physical data of the Yellow River plank road site are of great value to the study of the ancient history of the Yellow River's transportation and transportation

.

On May 25, 2006, the Yellow River plank road site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

.

Historical evolution

In the spring and Autumn period, the Yellow River plank road appeared

.

In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Yellow River plank road had already taken shape, and water transport had already taken shape

.

In Tang Dynasty, the Yellow River plank road was the most prosperous period

.

From the Song Dynasty, the Yellow River plank road declined

.

From 1955 to 1957, in order to cooperate with the construction of Sanmenxia Dam, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out field investigation on the 625 meter long plank road of Sanmenxia located on the North Bank of the Yellow River and in Pinglu County, and on the ruins of 7 sections of plank road scattered in the downstream of the dam. After the completion of the dam, the remains of the plank road inspected in this period were submerged under the Yellow River

.

From spring to autumn of 1997, in order to cooperate with the Xiaolangdi Reservoir construction project of the Yellow River, archaeologists in Shanxi Province made a detailed archaeological survey on the North Bank of the Yellow River east of Sanmenxia. In the area of more than 100 Li along the river in Pinglu, Xiaxian and Yuanqu counties of Shanxi Province, 40 traces of the Yellow River plank road were found, with a total length of more than 5000 meters

.

Site features

The Yellow River plank road site is located by the mountain and the river. It is basically horizontal, with ups and downs in some sections. From west to East, it is successively distributed in Pinglu County Wuyi gypsum factory, Guanyao, Daji, Xizhai, Dongzhai, dujiazhuang, LIANGSU, Laozhuang, fengjiadi, Zhangling village liuliuwo, meiyaoao, xihetou ferry, laoyashi, renjiadui, xiaodui, Dadai, lujiageta and Wufu in Yuanqu County Within the scope of factories and mines in 20 villages, such as Jian, Anwo and matiwo, the elevation of the plank road is more than 200 meters. The height of the plank road surface from the river surface varies from 2 to 10 meters due to the specific geographical environment. Most of the plank roads are first cut into "day" channels along the hillside, and then square wall holes, ox nostrils and bottom holes are cut on the rocks of the channels. Then insert the wooden beam and lay the plank on the beam to form a complete plank road. The plank road has been abandoned for a long time, all the wooden members have disappeared, and only all kinds of wall holes and bottom holes remain on the channel rocks

.

Cultural relics

In 1997, the archaeological survey found 40 sites of the Yellow River plank road, with a total length of more than 5000 meters. The width of the plank road is different, and the well preserved ones can reach more than 2.5 meters. Serious collapse, only a few centimeters or complete collapse. In some sections of the plank road, there are gouges with equal spacing. In Daji and other areas, the road surface is smooth, the width of bluestone road is 1.2-1.5 meters, and the outside of the road is also built with a ridge 5-8 cm higher than the road surface. There are many kinds of remains, such as the wall hole, the bottom hole, the bridge trough, the inscriptions of the past dynasties and the vertical rotating cylinder. More than 1000 large and small square or rectangular wall holes (collectively referred to as square wall holes) and 600 bull nose wall holes were found on the remaining plank road. The function of the square wall hole is to fix the wooden beam on the road surface of the plank road, so it is cut on the rock wall close to the road surface, which has different sizes due to different sizes. The width and height are mostly between 12-36 cm, and the depth varies with the preservation. It was found that the inscriptions on the cliff of the plank road were more than 200 words and less than one word. There are three types of characters, Zhuan, Li and Kai, with different sizes. There are many titles in the inscriptions, such as Jianwu, Zhenguan, chuigong, Zongzhang, Taihe, Shaosheng, Yuanxi, Chongzhen, Daoguang and Xuantong. The dynasties are Eastern Han, Tang, song, Ming and Qing. There is a stone carving on the cliff of the plank road, with tiger on the top and rock on the bottom. It seems to have been signed, but it is difficult to recognize because of the serious weathering on the left edge

.

At the corner of the plank road of the Yellow River plank road ruins, the remains of vertical rotating cylinder were found. The remains of the vertical rotary cylinder project are composed of three parts: the upper part, the middle part and the lower part. In the upper part, a large or small square wall hole is chiseled on the rock wall about 1.5 meters away from the road surface. The lower part is on the ground rock which is perpendicular to the wall hole. A round chassis is chiseled. In the middle of the chassis, one or two shallow round pits are chiseled. The pits are in the shape of pot bottom and are very smooth, which indicates that they are caused by the long-term rotation of heavy objects. In addition, between the square wall hole and the circular chassis, on the rock wall close to the trestle Road, there is a half cylindrical wall groove, which breaks the rope groove on the rock wall

.

Research value

The Yellow River water transport is an important part in the history of China's water transport. It is an important transport channel connecting the Central Plains and Guanzhong in ancient times

. The physical data of the Yellow River plank road site are of great value to the study of the history of the ancient Yellow River's underground transportation, transportation, engineering technology and its role in social economy and culture

.

protective measures

On May 25, 2006, the Yellow River plank road site was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China

.

In 2006, the people's Government of Shanxi Province set up the protection area: 1 km away from the steel bridge in the west, the top of the mountain is along the Yellow River Highway and Wuyi gypsum plant, extending eastward to the North Bank of the east Yellow River in laoyashi village, with a total length of 4032 meters, and 50 meters from the North Bank of the Yellow River to the north.

In 2017, the people's Government of Shanxi Province allocated 1.5 million yuan to prepare a protection plan to repair the Yellow River plank road site

.

History and culture

Large scale shipping of the Yellow River has been clearly recorded in the spring and Autumn period. "Chunqiu Zuozhuan Zhu · Xiegong 13 years" records: "Xiegong 13 years, Qin lost Su to Jin, since Yong and Jiang successively, the order is called the battle of boating

。” In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the scale of shipping on the Yellow River was expanded, and water transport was formed. According to the biography of Xiao He in the book of Han Dynasty, "the husband of Han Dynasty and Chu lived together in Xingyang for several years, but there was no grain in the army. Xiao he transferred to Zhongsu and gave him plenty of food

。” According to the records of food and goods in the Han Dynasty, "four million yuan were sent to the capital in the Guandong Valley, and 60000 people died

。”

Water transport of the Yellow River began in the Qin and Han Dynasties and developed greatly in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The water transport of the Yellow River in Han and Tang Dynasties was not only an important part of the history of water transport in China, but also an important transport channel connecting the Central Plains and Guanzhong in ancient times

. The Sanmenxia line is the most critical channel in the whole water transport route of the Yellow River. "Shuijingzhu" records: "since the mainstay of the five or more households, during which hundred and twenty miles, the river song stone Jie out With 19 beaches, the current is steep, and the potential is the same as that of the Three Gorges

。”

Tourism information

transport line

Yuncheng City - Yuncheng Ring Expressway - Hubei line - Tiaoshan Street - Maojin road - Huanghe Avenue - Huanghe plank road site.

Address: Sanmen village, Sanmen Town, Pinglu County, Shanxi Province

Longitude: 111.342786141

Latitude: 34.880469912799

Chinese PinYin : Huang He Zhan Dao Yi Zhi