Ancient tombs of zhagunluk

Ancient tombs of zhagunluk

Zhagonluke ancient tombs, discovered in 1930, are located on the platform of the oasis edge 2 km west of zhagonluke village, toglakeleke Township, Qiemo County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Zhagonluke ancient tombs, 5 km west of Qiemo County, are distributed in Southeast and northwest. Zhagonluke ancient tomb group is composed of No.1, No.2, No.3, No.4 and No.5 cemeteries, which can be divided into East and west regions, with a total area of about 2.5 square kilometers.

Brief introduction to ancient tombs

On the map, the geographic coordinates of the burial area of zhagonluke ancient tombs are 38 ° 26 ′ 9 ″ and 85 ′ 3 ′ 28 ″ E. The burial area is 100 meters long from north to South and 750 meters wide from east to west. Laililek site is located 5 kilometers away. The ancient Qiemo river bed site is located 1 km away from Mo burial area and near laililek site. The Qiemo river is now 10 kilometers east of the Mo burial area, flowing from south to north.

There is no vegetation on the surface of zhagonluke ancient tombs, which is sandy soil. There are some signs on the surface of some tombs, or there are concave pits or reed grass with shed wood exposed. The main types of tombs are vertical pit tombs, rectangular scaffolding tombs and single passage rectangular scaffolding tombs. The burials are single, double and group burials.

unearthed relic

More than 1000 pieces of pottery, copper and iron ware, silk and wool fabrics, bone and wood ware, and wooden vertical harp musical instruments were unearthed. The upper limit date is about 3000 years ago, and the lower limit date is Wei Jin.

geographical position

Zhagonluke ancient tombs are located on the gravel sand accumulation terrace in the desert oasis border area 6 kilometers southwest of Qiemo county. The cemetery is 750 meters wide from east to west and 1100 meters long from north to south, covering an area of 825000 square meters. The location of the cemetery is 85 ° 28 ′ 29 ″ e, 38 ° 07 ′ 16 ″ N and 1270 m above sea level.

The evidence of the surface of the cemetery shows that the tombs are mostly distributed in the edge of the accumulation terrace, and the tombs are more and more concentrated in the southern area.

The northern district is relatively small and scattered. Preliminary statistics show that there are hundreds of ancient tombs in cemeteries. According to the site excavation and unearthed cultural relics, the upper limit of the tomb age is about 3000 years ago, and the lower limit is to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, showing three periods of cultural characteristics.

Main features

The first period of cultural tombs is about 3000 years ago, with a small number, belonging to the culture of the pre Qie and late state. There are many tombs in the second period culture, which is the main culture of the cemetery. The age is from the spring and Autumn period to the Western Han Dynasty, belonging to the Qiemo culture period. The third period is from Eastern Han Dynasty to Wei Jin Dynasty.

There are five types of tombs: rectangular vertical hole earth pit tombs, rectangular vertical hole earth pit scaffolding tombs, single passage rectangular vertical hole scaffolding tombs, square vertical hole earth pit scaffolding tombs and cave tombs.

Scientific research value

In the first period, the shape of cultural tombs was round rectangular vertical pit tombs. The second period of cultural tombs include rectangular vertical hole earth pit tombs, rectangular vertical hole earth pit scaffolding tombs, single passage rectangular vertical hole scaffolding tombs and other types. The popular burial style of upper limb upward bending, lower limb upward bending and multi person joint burial are the main ones. The third period of cultural tombs are characterized by square vertical cave scaffolding tombs and cavern tombs, which are popular for single or two people to be buried together.

The main cultural relics unearthed from the tombs are pottery, bone and wood, wool, silk, leather and so on. The excavated tombs clearly reflect the burial customs of the zhagonruks, such as the common burial objects, colored painted surface, mask, gold foil and paste sealing, wool nose plugging, etc., as well as the living customs of tattooing on arms, braiding for men and women, wearing hats, covering feet with wool cloth, wearing leather boots or felt boots, wearing robes and skirts or leather trousers, wearing necklaces, wearing wooden waist tags and hair ornaments and beads. At the same time, we also found that the animal husbandry in this period was not only relatively developed, but also pottery, wool textile and wood processing had a considerable scale and characteristics.

significance

Among the unearthed wooden wares, there are comb, box, tube and waist plate with animal and geometric patterns, which are finely carved, vivid and of high craftsmanship. The unearthed vertical konghou instrument is the earliest object found in China at present. Its discovery has advanced the traditional konghou spread from west to East for hundreds of years, which is of great significance to the study of ancient musical instruments and carving art The development of source and flow is of great significance.

Pottery, woolen goods, gorgeous bird pattern embroidery, brocade of "the descendants of the great Xuan Dynasty" and so on, have their own characteristics and the characteristics of the times. The unearthed cultural relics show the exchange and integration of the ancient Qiemo culture, the Silk Road culture and the northern grassland culture, forming distinct regional cultural characteristics, providing precious material materials for the study of the race, production, life, burial system and many other aspects of the ancient ethnic groups in the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang.

It is a representative and important cultural heritage in the history of western region civilization. It has a high historical, scientific and artistic research value.

Cemetery 2

It is located on xiaoshaliang, about 1.5km west of No.1 cemetery. Its west and South are connected with desert and wind erosion landform, and its north is the farming area of yingwusitang township. According to the preliminary statistics, there are about 50 tombs. According to the cleaning up in 1998, the tombs in this cemetery are the same as the second phase cultural tombs in No. 1 cemetery of zhagonruk.

Cemetery 3

It is located on a loess platform about 800 meters northeast of No. 1 cemetery, covering an area of about 10000 square meters, surrounded by farmland and villages. The surface of the cemetery was mostly destroyed by soil, and human bones, silk and wool fabrics and other relics were found on the ground. As the surface of the earth has been destroyed, the number of tombs is difficult to count. According to the ground investigation and the relics, the main remains of the cemetery are the tombs of the third cultural type of zhagonruk ancient tombs.

Cemetery 4

Located in the northeast of No.1 cemetery of zhagonluke, on a terrace between zhagonluke village and Langan village, the surface is gravel layer without vegetation. The local people call it "heishaliang", surrounded by villages and farmland. The local people built a small irrigation canal passing through the terrace and dug out some wood, reed grass, etc., which were investigated as tombs. In 1996, two damaged tombs were cleaned up, which were single passage rectangular vertical cave scaffolding tombs, and the shape and structure were the same as the second phase cultural tombs of zhagunluk No.1 cemetery. As there is no obvious grave mark on the surface, the number of remains remains is unknown.

Cemetery five

It is located on the Gobi flat about 300 meters east of cemetery No. 4. The surface is gravel layer without vegetation, surrounded by villages, roads and farmland. This flat is a modern Muslim cemetery in Langan village. In the process of building tombs, some ancient tombs were touched. On the ground, pottery pieces, silk and wool pieces, wooden artifacts and human bones can be seen. On the flat beach in the south of the cemetery, we can see the remains of several ancient tombs. Judging from the remains on the earth's surface, it has the characteristics of the second and third periods of the zhagonluke ancient tombs.

Zhagonluke ancient tombs represent the representative regional culture of the southern margin of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, and reflect the general situation of social development in this area from the Han Dynasty before the western regions to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The relic phenomenon and unearthed cultural relics show the distinctive regional cultural characteristics of the ancient Qiemo culture and the exchange with the Silk Road culture and the northern grassland culture, which provide valuable material resources for multi-disciplinary research Material.

Cultural relics protection

In September 1990, the people's Government of the Autonomous Region announced that the ancient tombs of zhagonruk are the key cultural relics protection units of the autonomous region.

On June 25, 2001, as a precious cultural relic from the Bronze Age to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, zhagunluk tomb group was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Address: zhagonluke village, tuoglakeleke Township, Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Longitude: 85.451255206996

Latitude: 38.099021629434

Chinese PinYin : Zha Gun Lu Ke Gu Mu Qun