Jingxin Temple

Jingxin temple is located in the south of Yangyi village, Taigu County, Shanxi Province, 10 kilometers away from the county. According to the inscriptions in the temple, it was founded in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (714 AD). According to the county annals, it was originally a nunnery and then a monastery. After renovation and expansion, it is now a building of Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is well preserved. In 1986, it was announced that there are no key cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province. Jingxin temple, 39 meters wide and 93 meters long, covers an area of 3629 square meters. There are 14 halls in the two courtyards. From south to north, the central axis arranges the stage, the hall, and the main hall. The front yard is from the stage to the hall. The East and west of the hall are the pavilion, the white clothes hall, the Huiquan hall, the bell and Drum Tower, and the heavenly king hall. After passing the hall, the main hall is the backyard. There are stele corridors, Guanyin and dizang in the East and west sides of the backyard. On both sides of the back hall are Guan Gong hall and Chengshan temple. The layout of the building is rigorous, reasonable, sparse and magnificent. In addition, there are 78 painted sculptures of Ming and Qing Dynasties, 180 square meters of murals, steles of Tang Dynasty and plaques of Ming Dynasty. Historical evolution: Jingxin temple was founded in 714, the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, and rebuilt in 1161-1189. At that time, the scale of the building was very small and the layout was simple. Zhengde of Ming Dynasty (1506-1521) expanded its scale, taking the original main hall as the South Hall and expanding northward to build five main halls, five East and west side halls and one stage. In the 33rd and 44th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606 and 1617), it was renovated twice. The second floor of the bell and drum was built, the white hall and Huiquan hall were built on the East and west sides respectively, and the ridges and beasts were replaced with new ones, and the walls and walls were reorganized. In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679) and Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, maintenance was carried out. In the fourth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1824), the largest scale of construction and the most additional contents were built. Three rolling sheds were built in front of the hall, three stele corridors were built on both sides, two moon gates were built, two Huiquan and Baiyi halls were moved up three Zhang, and three East-West viewing pavilions and two East-West service doors were built. The South stage was rebuilt and expanded. One mountain gate was built on both sides, and three Guangong hall and Chengshan temple were built on the East-West side of the main hall 14 kitchen houses and 5 horse sheds were built outside the temple, and the walls were surrounded outside. Since then, Jingxin temple has taken on a new look and has a large scale. General situation of Jingxin Temple Jingxin temple is a temple mainly composed of Buddhist statues. There are 78 colored sculptures in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which are distributed in 14 halls. The main buildings in the temple are the main hall, the hall and the stage. The existing murals and exquisite glass crafts add gorgeous colors to the temple. The main hall is five rooms wide and three rooms deep, with single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain and glass trimming. The front of the hall is connected with the cloister. The hall is 20 meters long and 16 meters wide. Wubuliang, wutaichongang and Dougong are distributed sparsely. Each bay has a flat body kedou arch, which is a Ming Dynasty building. The stage is one of the main buildings of Jingxin temple. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty. The foundation of the stage is in a "convex" shape, with three rooms wide and three rooms deep. The front stage is a single eaves hill type rolling shed roof, and the back stage is a suspended peak. The whole stage is covered with peacock blue glass. The stigma section is made of five step double arch, double copy double bottom up, and the head playing and mouth holding is a dragon head with fine carving; the corner section is also made of five step double arch, with three copy double bottom up and double copy single bottom up interlaced, and the head lifting and slanting upward are three copy double bottom up, and the head playing and mouth holding is the same as the stigma section. There are three in the front eaves of the family hirsuteae, but not in the middle. There are also three in the two mountains. The method of forming columns is the same as that of stigmaceae. The wing angle of the arch structure tilts more and extends far. Queti is a well carved wooden Erlong Xizhu. It has a screen wall with eight characters on both sides, a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain, nine steps on the top of the mountain, a Dougong on the top of the mountain, and a slender and dexterous mouth. It is rare in the national stage. There is a plaque under the eaves, which says "God listens to peace". The characters are made of raw copper, which is very exquisite. There are 78 painted sculptures in the temple, all of which are works of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The standing statues of Avalokitesvara and dashizhi Bodhisattva in the main hall are stone sculptures inside and clay sculptures outside. The painted sculptures in each hall have different expressions. The colors are simple and clear. They inherit the fine traditions of the song and Yuan Dynasties, integrate into the local customs and give new ideas. Inside the Niangniang hall, there is a statue of a lactating mother with her mouth open. It is very unique. It breaks through the stereotypes of ordinary Buddhist statues and shows a romantic color with an open technique. This type of female sculpture is rare in Chinese temples. There are 180 square meters of murals in the temple. Although they are slightly damaged, they are vivid. The walls of Daxiong hall are painted with the pictures of worshiping Buddha in all heaven, and the walls of Guodian are painted with the pictures of Buddha becoming Tao. They are all painted with Ming style fine brushwork, and the colors are bright. The paintings of Jialan God on the walls of Tudi hall are completely painted with yuan style fine brushwork and heavy color. The top of the hall is decorated with gorgeous glazed products, and there are Ming Dynasty inscriptions on the roof. Lotus inlaid ridge, dragon and beast coiled, baowa neutral, colored glaze carving. Under the eaves of the bell and Drum Tower, there is a Ming Dynasty Glass plaque with blue characters on a yellow background, and the words "Fajing" and "Qilu" are written on it. The calligraphy is exquisite and the craft is excellent. It has reached a very high level of smelting art. It has become a good product of glass and has been included in the Grand View of Chinese glass. There are 32 memorial tablets in the temple, which can clearly infer the evolution of the temple and the historical evolution of local chronicles, humanities, geography and so on. Jingxin temple, founded in the Tang Dynasty, has experienced thousands of years of vicissitudes. In April 2000, two statues of stone Buddha heads, about 90cm high, were excavated in the depth of 1m from the back wall of the main hall. They were initially identified as statues of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Thus, the history of Jingxin temple can be moved forward. On May 25, 2006, Jingxin temple, as an ancient building from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Jingxin Temple

Jingxin temple is located in the south of Yangyi village, Taigu County, Shanxi Province, 10 kilometers away from the county. According to the inscriptions in the temple, it was founded in the first year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (714 AD). According to the county annals, it was originally a nunnery and then a monastery. After renovation and expansion, it is now a building of Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is well preserved. In 1986, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi Province

Historical evolution

Initial construction

According to the inscriptions in the temple, it was founded in the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty.

Renovation and reconstruction

Jin Dading (1161-1189) was rebuilt. At that time, the building scale was very small and the layout was simple. Zhengde of Ming Dynasty (1506-1521) expanded its scale, taking the original main hall as the South Hall and expanding northward to build five main halls, five East and west side halls and one stage. In the 33rd and 44th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606 and 1617), it was renovated twice. The second floor of the bell and drum was built, the white hall and Huiquan hall were built on the East and west sides respectively, and the ridges and beasts were replaced with new ones, and the walls and walls were reorganized. In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679) and Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, maintenance was carried out. In the fourth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1824), the largest scale of construction and the most additional contents were built. Three rolling sheds were built in front of the hall, three stele corridors were built on both sides, two moon gates were built, two Huiquan and Baiyi halls were moved up three Zhang, and three East-West viewing pavilions and two East-West service doors were built. The South stage was rebuilt and expanded. One mountain gate was built on both sides, and three Guangong hall and Chengshan temple were built on the East-West side of the main hall 14 kitchen houses and 5 horse sheds were built outside the temple, and the outer wall was surrounded.

Scale system

Temple size

Jingxin temple, 39 meters wide and 93 meters long, covers an area of 3629 square meters.

Main landscape

There are 14 halls in the courtyard. From south to north, the central axis arranges the stage, the hall and the main hall. The front yard is from the stage to the hall. The East and west of the hall are the pavilion, the white clothes hall, the Huiquan hall, the bell and Drum Tower, and the heavenly king hall. After passing the hall, the main hall is the backyard. There are stele corridors, Guanyin and dizang in the East and west sides of the backyard. On both sides of the back hall are Guan Gong hall and Chengshan temple. The layout of the building is rigorous, reasonable, sparse and magnificent. In addition, there are 78 painted sculptures of Ming and Qing Dynasties, 180 square meters of murals, steles of Tang Dynasty and plaques of Ming Dynasty.

There are theatres, Pilu hall and Daxiong hall on the north-south axis. On both sides of the front yard are the white hall, the Huiquan hall, the bell and Drum Tower, and the Tianwang hall. There are stele corridor, Guanyin Bodhisattva hall and dizang Bodhisattva hall in the backyard. There are three East and three West ear rooms in the main hall. The whole building has strict layout, simple and elegant style.

According to Jiuhua Mountain records, Jingxin temple was first built in the Tang Dynasty. It is called "an Chan yuan", also known as "Biyun nunnery", commonly known as "Lao nunnery". Shi Xitan, a poet monk in the Southern Song Dynasty, changed the name of Biyun nunnery to "Jingxin Temple" after it was repaired and expanded. Shi Xitan, who was named Liuan, was a worker's poet. He wrote Jiuhua poetry anthology, which was lost early. There are still five poems in the old records, and only two in the current records, Jiuhua Chongshou tower and Qibu spring. Not only are the four walls built with green hemp stones, but also the beams, columns and arches of the whole hall are chiseled with green hemp stones. One of them is surrounded by thick and thin stones and carved with cloud patterns. "Good weather, peace and stability of the country" is engraved on the beam of the main entrance. The whole building is primitive and simple. In ancient times, this kind of complete stone architecture was mostly used for the "Road Pavilion" built on the official road for tourists to rest. As a temple architecture, especially in the mountainous area of Southern Anhui, where is rich in wood, the practice of abandoning wood and selecting stone is rare. This is the only existing temple in the holy land of Jiuhua Mountain. I don't know what the purpose of Abbot juejing was. It's still a mystery. Another interesting phenomenon is that the gate of the temple abandons its upright position and inclines to the east of the south. It is about 30 degrees "slanting open".

The main hall is five rooms wide and three rooms deep, with single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain and glass trimming. The front of the hall is connected with the cloister. The hall is 20 meters long and 16 meters wide. Wubuliang, wutaichongang and Dougong are distributed sparsely. Each bay has a flat body kedou arch, which is a Ming Dynasty building. The top of the hall is decorated with gorgeous glazed products, and there are Ming Dynasty inscriptions on the roof. Lotus inlaid ridge, dragon and beast coiled, baowa neutral, colored glaze carving.

It is one of the main buildings of Jingxin temple. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty. The platform base is in the shape of "convex" with a three-dimensional width

Chinese PinYin : Jing Xin Si