Chongling

Chongling of Qing Dynasty

synonym

Chongling (qingchongling) generally refers to qingchongling

Chongling is the joint burial Mausoleum of emperor Aixinjueluo zaitan and empress xiaodingjing (Empress Dowager Longyu). It is located in Jinlongyu, about 4km northeast of the tailing Mausoleum of the Western Qing Dynasty. It is the last Mausoleum of Chinese emperors. It was built in 1909 and completed in 1915. It was stolen by a group of unidentified armed men in 1938!

The number and scale of Chongling's buildings are completely in accordance with Huiling of Tongzhi emperor. The construction is skillful, and there are rare Podocarpus arvensis and Pinus Yinsong in the instrument trees of the cemetery. Emperor Guangxu and empress xiaodingjing are buried together in the underground palace, and Jinfei and Zhenfei are buried in Chongling Imperial Palace in the East.

Practical information

Ticket information

Admission: 30 yuan / adult

Joint ticket of Qing tombs: 122 yuan / adult

Traffic information

Beijing direction

Long distance bus: there are buses to Yixian from 6:00 every morning in Beijing Lizeqiao long distance bus station, every 20 minutes. Go to Yixian and transfer to Xiling.

Self driving: along the Beijing Shijiazhuang Expressway southbound, to Gaobeidian Road, west along the 112 National Highway, through Gaobeidian, Laishui, Yixian to reach the Qing Xiling.

Tianjin direction

Long distance bus: take the bus to Yixian from Tianjin west subway station at 6:00, 8:00, 11:30 and 12:30 a.m. every day, and then transfer to Xiaogong to Qingxiling.

Self driving: 1. After arriving at Xushui along Jinbao expressway, go northward along Shangjing Shijiazhuang expressway, get off at the intersection of Gaobeidian, go westward along national highway 112, pass through Gaobeidian, Laishui and Yixian County to reach Xiling of Qing Dynasty. 2. From Tianjin, along the 112 National Highway, through Bazhou, Gaobeidian, Laishui, Yixian to reach the Qing Xiling.

Shijiazhuang direction

Train: take the train from Shijiazhuang railway station, get off at Gaobeidian, transfer to the bus from Gaobeidian to Yixian, and then take the minibus to the Xiling of Qing Dynasty.

Bus: take the bus "Shijiazhuang Baoding" from the long-distance bus station near Shijiazhuang railway station, and transfer from Baoding to "Baoding Yixian" or "Baoding Laiyuan" or "Baoding Xiling" to reach the Xiling of Qing Dynasty.

Self driving: starting from Shijiazhuang, go northward along Beijing Shijiazhuang Expressway to the lower road at the intersection of Gaobeidian, turn west along national highway 112, then go to the Qingxiling via Gaobeidian, Laishui and Yixian.

Shanxi direction

Train: take the "Shanxi Beijing" train from Shanxi, get off at Baoding or Gaobeidian, and then transfer to the bus to Yixian or Qingxiling to reach Qingxiling.

Self driving: 1. Starting from Taiyuan, go along Shitai Expressway to Shijiazhuang, turn to Jingshi Expressway, get off the road at the intersection of Gaobeidian, turn to the west, go along national highway 112, pass Gaobeidian, Laishui and Yixian to reach the Xiling of Qing Dynasty. 2. Starting from Datong, driving along the Tianjin Tong Highway in the direction of Tianjin, passing Laiyuan and Zijingguan to Xiling of Qing Dynasty.

Main attractions

The number and scale of Chongling's buildings in the Qing Dynasty were completely in accordance with Huiling's in Tongzhi. Although not as large as Yong Zheng and Jiaqing's mausoleum, there are no large stele pavilions, stone statues and other buildings, but in addition to inheriting the Qing Dynasty's Mausoleum regulations, referring to the style of Xianfeng emperor's tomb and Tongzhi emperor's mausoleum, it also absorbs some of the essence of ancient architectural techniques, and still has its own characteristics. According to the needs of guard and sacrifice, the whole mausoleum built Wukong bridge, Xunfang, pailou gate, shenchuku, Sanlu Sankong bridge, chaofang, Banfang, longen gate, Liaolu, Peidian, longen hall, three gates, shiwugong, Fangcheng, minglou, Baoding and underground palace. The wood of Longsi hall is extremely precious copper algae and iron algae, and its texture is extremely hard. An ordinary chair made of this kind of wood weighs more than 100 Jin. Therefore, longen hall is known as "copper beam and iron column", and the frame material is added between the beams, which can not only support the top, but also make the hall more beautiful. There are four bright pillars in Longsi hall. At the bottom, there is a pattern of sea water and river. The pillar body is a golden dragon winding upward, which is more magnificent than the precious flowers of other Imperial Mausoleums. The hall is richly painted, and the dragon and Phoenix stones in front of the hall are exquisitely carved and three-dimensional. Because Chongling was not built long ago, it is well preserved.

Chongling underground palace is the only imperial underground palace open in the Western Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty. The underground palace is an arched stone structure building. The whole underground palace has one tunnel, four stone gates, nine certificates (one tunnel certificate, one shindang certificate, one cover gate certificate, one Mingtang certificate, one Chuantang certificate, one gold certificate, and three door opening certificates), one Jinjing hole, two Longxugou holes, and 14 leaky holes. The total length of the tomb passage is 63.19 meters, the area is 349.95 square meters, and the space is 2170.61 cubic meters. The gold coupons in the underground palace is the largest of the nine coupons. It is the main building of the underground palace. It is tall and spacious. All around the top of the coupons and the sea are made of bluish white stone. The top of each stone gate is equipped with a copper tube fan which weighs more than ten tons. It can not only support the huge stone on the door, but also make the huge and heavy stone gate with a height of 3.52 meters open and close freely. On the stone gate, there is a stone gate building carved with a whole block of blue and white stone. On the eight stone gates, there are relief sculptures of a vivid standing statue of Bodhisattva. The Standing Statue of Bodhisattva is 1.99 meters high, solemn and powerful.

Pass through the fourth stone gate to enter Jinquan, which is tall and spacious. It is the main building of the underground palace, 12 meters long from east to west, 7.2 meters wide from north to south, and 8.95 meters high. It is all made of blue and white jade. The coffins of Emperor Guangxu and empress Longyu are placed on the treasure bed. Guangxu is in the middle, Longyu is on the left, and there are 16 Longshan stones with colorful landscape and cloud dragons around the Zitong palace. The coffins of Emperor Guangxu are painted in vermilion and carved with gold-plated Tibetan and Sanskrit sutras and decorative patterns on the bottom of the coffin. On the top cover of the coffin of empress Longyu is carved a Golden Phoenix, standing upright on the rocks and spreading its wings. There are many clouds beside the coffin, waves and mountain flowers under the feet. There are nine seated Bodhisattvas carved on the head of Jinfeng. The whole picture has a compact layout, beautiful shape, exquisite knife technique, fine lines like hair, and five colors of gold. It is a high-level wood carving art. In the coffin of Emperor Guangxu, there are 13 layers of brocade. One layer is the pattern of Shenglong, Caiyun and Shoushan Fuhai. The other layer is the pattern of green flowers embroidered on a bright yellow background. The other 11 layers are painted with Sanskrit Sutras in gold powder. The head of the machine is decorated with the words "Hangzhou weaving minister Shulin". The brocade color of the brocade is blue, purple and red. The coffin of empress Longyu has only three layers of brocade, all of which are in purple and are written with gold powder and Sanskrit Sutra. The bottom layers of the two coffins of empress Longyu are covered with gray gray soil and purple powder.

history

background

During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Qing Dynasty was weak to the verge of collapse. Emperor Guangxu, who was unwilling to be the king of subjugation, launched a reform movement, namely the reform movement of 1898. However, the reform touched the interests of the top diehard bureaucrats represented by Cixi. The contradiction between the emperor and the Empress Dowager became increasingly acute. Finally, the diehards led by Cixi launched a coup and hanged the reformers. After the failure of the reform, Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest in Yingtai by Cixi, who once again monopolized power. On October 21, 1908, Emperor Guangxu died in Hanyuan Hall of Yingtai. The next day, Empress Dowager Cixi also died. Some people speculate that Cixi was afraid that Emperor Guangxu would return to power after her death, so she killed Guangxu before her death.

site selection

Jinlongyu, formerly known as Weijiagou, was renamed jiulongyu in Tongzhi period. It was a geomantic treasure land, but it was abandoned four times

In the fourth year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong chose this place for his son Yonglian (crown prince Duanhui), but later abandoned it.

Emperor Daoguang also chose this place as his mausoleum.

Emperor Xianfeng chose Jinlongyu and longquanyu in the Western Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty, but later longquanyu.

Empress Dowager Cixi chose Jinlongyu in the Western Qing Dynasty and shuangshanyu in the Eastern Qing Dynasty to choose the mausoleum for emperor Tongzhi. But later, Empress Dowager Cixi destroyed the Zhaomu system established by Emperor Qianlong and chose shuangshanyu in the Eastern Qing Dynasty as the mausoleum for emperor Tongzhi.

Finally, Jinlongyu was designated as the mausoleum of Emperor Guangxu.

Situation

Underground palace stolen

In the autumn of 1938, a group of unidentified soldiers rushed into Chongling. They pried off the bricks and stones that had been plastered on the ground from the front of the cover wall of Fangcheng Crescent City, chiseled the bricks of the underground city, dug a deep hole, dug up through the soil layer under the shadow wall of crescent stone, and then entered the tunnel of the underground palace.

These people are very familiar with the structure of Chongling, and they are very expert in excavating it. Unlike sun dianying, they use explosives to break down stone gates and obstacles. Instead, they use loose wood chips to open the stone gates and enter the gold coupon.

They used axes to cut a round hole about 3 feet in diameter in the front of Emperor Guangxu's Zi palace, dragged Emperor Guangxu's body outside the coffin, and then stole the burial objects inside the coffin. Empress Dowager Longyu's Zi palace opened the lid from above and stole the funeral objects. Moreover, he broke the treasure chest and stole the precious jade books and seals. Some people heard that the gang sold the stolen relics of gold, silver, pearls, jade and utensils to the eight nation church in western Beijing and got 500 sets of cotton uniforms.

There is a list of Emperor Guangxu's funerary objects in the official archives, and the main funerary objects were stolen at that time. There are green jade Buddha hairpin, green jade

Chinese PinYin : Chong Ling