Three Gorges Dam

The Three Gorges dam is the largest water conservancy project in the world. The dam has five parks: Three Gorges exhibition hall, Tanziling Park, 185 Park, near dam Park and river closure Memorial Park. Among them, Tanziling, 185 Park and river closure Memorial Park have been open to tourists for a long time. Tanziling can overlook the dam and the Yangtze River. The flood discharge scenic area and the 185 meter water level line are magnificent and thunderous Jun. At the same time, it is also the internal transportation center of the scenic spot.

Three Gorges Dam

The Three Gorges Dam, located in Sandouping Town, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China, is 38 kilometers away from the downstream Gezhouba Water Control Project. It is the main project of the Three Gorges hydropower station, the largest water conservancy and power generation project in the world, the core landscape of the Three Gorges Dam tourist area, and the east end of the Three Gorges reservoir.

The Three Gorges Dam project consists of two parts: the main building and the diversion project. The total length of the project is about 3335m, and the dam crest elevation is 185m. The total investment of the project is 95.46 billion yuan. The construction of the project was officially started on December 14, 1994, and the whole line was successfully constructed on May 20, 2006. In 2018, the power generation of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station exceeded 100 billion kwh, setting a new world record for the annual power generation of a single power station.

With the approval of the State General Administration of flood prevention and control, the fourth 175 meter experimental impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir was officially started at 0:00 on September 10, 2011. By 19:00 on September 18, the water level of the reservoir had reached 160.18 meters. On July 23, 2012, the Three Gorges project opened seven deep outlets for flood discharge. The upstream inflow surged to 46000 cubic meters per second. On July 24, 2012, the inflow of the Three Gorges Dam reached 71200 m3 / s, which is the largest flood peak since the construction of the Three Gorges reservoir.

The dam of the Three Gorges hydropower station is 181 meters in height, 175 meters in normal water level, 2335 meters in length and 135.266 billion yuan in static investment

32 hydropower units with a single unit capacity of 700000 kW will be installed. The last hydropower unit of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station was put into operation on July 4, 2012, which means that the Three Gorges Hydropower Station with an installed capacity of 22.4 million kilowatts has become the world's largest hydropower station and clean energy production base on July 4, 2012.

In December 2015, the Three Gorges dam was selected as one of the 30 Best New Tourism Landscapes in the Three Gorges.

There is no fish migration channel in the Three Gorges dam. After the closure of the Three Gorges Dam, the spawning grounds of the four big fish in the Three Gorges Reservoir area disappeared, but a new spawning ground was formed in the section above Jiangjin (Hejiang Mituo river section) at the end of the Three Gorges reservoir

The hydrological process, river bed erosion and wetland pattern in the middle and lower reaches also changed to varying degrees

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Historical evolution

Building dam first

Just after the end of the first World War in 1918, Sun Yat Sen hoped to make use of the wartime industrial equipment and science and technology of the west to develop China's industry. This year, in Shanghai, he wrote in English the international plan for the common development of China's industry - a way to subsidize the world's post-war consolidation of industry, with a view to arousing the response of the international industry.

Sino US cooperation

After the publication of Sun Yat Sen's treatise on the development of the Three Gorges hydropower resources, the Ministry of industry and Commerce of the national government planned to set up a hydropower plant in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in early 1930, and began to collect relevant data and charts, but the investigation of the dam area was never carried out. Two years later, in 1932, the Construction Committee of the national government presided over the formation of a Hydropower Survey Team in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. After the survey, the team put forward the "survey report on hydropower generation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River", and planned to build two low head power stations with a total installed capacity of 320000kw and 500000 kW respectively in Huanglingmiao and Gezhouba of Xiling Gorge, with a total budget of 166.5 million US dollars. But the plan is only on paper.

In the late period of the Anti Japanese War, the U.S. government carried out the policy of "Jin Yuan diplomacy" in an attempt to monopolize China's economic interests. The United States appointed Nelson, director of the wartime production bureau, as a senior economic adviser to the Chinese government. After Nelson arrived in Chongqing, he and Chiang Kai Shek set up China's wartime production bureau. In April 1944, pan Sui, an American expert who served as a consultant to China's wartime production bureau, submitted a report to the Kuomintang government entitled "methods for preparing to build China's hydropower plants with us loans and paying off loans". He suggested that the United States should borrow 900 million US dollars and provide equipment to build a hydropower plant with an installed capacity of 10 million kilowatts and a chemical fertilizer plant with an annual output of 5 million tons of chemical fertilizer in the Three Gorges for export to the United States We should pay off the debt by using chemical fertilizer. As soon as the pansui report was published, the Chinese and American governments and the opposition paid great attention to it.

In May of the same year, Dr. John Lucian savage, a world-famous dam expert and chief engineer of the US Bureau of reclamation, arrived in Chongqing at the invitation of the Chinese government. When he took office, he immediately went to work, first inspected the Dadu River and the Minjiang River, and then ventured to explore the Xiling Gorge. After the survey, he put forward the preliminary report on the Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River. In the "report", he proposed to select the dam site and build the power station between nanjinguan and Shipai. The designed dam height of the power station is 225 meters, with a total installed capacity of 10.56 million kilowatts. It has the advantages of flood control, shipping and irrigation. At that time, this comprehensive utilization scheme based on power generation was regarded as a great pioneering work of water conservancy project.

In 1945, the Chinese government agreed in principle to Savannah's Three Gorges Project. Subsequently, the resources committee invited the National Water Conservancy Commission, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission and the national transportation, agriculture, geology, scientific research and other departments to form the technical research committee of the Three Gorges hydropower project. At the same time, the National General Office of hydropower projects was set up in Changshou, Sichuan Province, and the Three Gorges survey office was set up in Yichang to take charge of the survey and drilling work in the dam area.

In 1946, the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission organized a team to carry out topographic survey and economic survey. The Resources Committee signed contracts with Malison company and bureau of reclamation on geological drilling and engineering design in the dam area. According to the contract, 46 Chinese engineers and technicians went to the United States to participate in the design. Drilling, aerial survey and other work are also gradually launched.

In May 1947, the design work of the Three Gorges project was ordered to end under the worsening domestic economic situation; in August, all the design work was stopped, and most of the personnel returned to China in batches, except for a few who stayed in the United States. The Three Gorges project was only a dream in China at that time.

Leaders' attention

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, with the strong support and care of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the Three Gorges Project began a larger-scale survey, planning, design and scientific research work.

Since the 1950s, from Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping and other revolutionaries of the older generation to Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, Zhu Rongji and other leaders of the Central Committee at that time, all of them have made a special trip to inspect the Three Gorges.

In less than five years, Chairman Mao Zedong summoned Lin Yishan, director of the changban office, six times in less than five years from February 1953 when he visited Nanning conference in January 1958 on a "Yangtze River ship", all for the Three Gorges Project and the Yangtze River water conservancy construction. He is very interested in the Three Gorges Project and has asked a lot of questions. For example, is the Three Gorges project technically possible? What is the geological foundation of the dam area? Will the reservoir become a mud reservoir? Can it be used for a long time? How much investment? wait.

In February 1956, when the planning and design of the Three Gorges Project and the planning of the Yangtze River Basin were in full swing, Mao Zedong toured the Yangtze River in Wuhan and took the opportunity to write "water tune song head · swimming", which made "standing on the stone wall of the Xijiang River, high Gorge out of the Pinghu Lake" become people's beautiful yearning for the Three Gorges Project.

In January and March 1958, the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in Nanning and Chengdu to discuss the Three Gorges Project and the Yangtze River Basin planning.

Premier Zhou Enlai has a closer relationship with the Three Gorges Project. Premier Zhou is concerned with all major issues related to the Three Gorges Project.

In December 1970, under the special circumstances of the cultural revolution, the CPC Central Committee approved the construction of the Gezhouba project according to the reports of Wuhan military region and Hubei Province. Due to the hasty start of the project, the method of "design, preparation and construction at the same time" was adopted, and many problems were exposed after the start of the project. However, practice has proved that the construction of the Gezhouba project is the most comprehensive practical preparation for the Three Gorges Project. Gezhouba project is a huge project with complicated technical problems. Its completion shows that our technicians have the ability to build the world's first-class water conservancy projects. This has a great influence on the approval of the construction of the Three Gorges Project. Without the Gezhouba project, it would be more difficult for the Three Gorges project to start.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held, the Central Committee put the Three Gorges Project on the agenda from the perspective of building a number of backbone projects for the country's four modernizations.

In the middle of July 1980, Deng Xiaoping, vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee and vice premier of the State Council, sailed east from Chongqing. On the way, he inspected the Sandouping dam site, the Gezhouba dam site and the Jingjiang dyke, and listened to the report of the "changban" on the Three Gorges project. After arriving in Han, he convened other leaders of the State Council to study the Three Gorges Project.

On November 24, 1982, when listening to the report of the State Planning Commission on the construction of the Three Gorges project to ease the power shortage, Comrade Deng Xiaoping said that he was in favor of the low dam scheme and hoped that he would make up his mind and not waver when he saw it right. Chen Yun, Li Xiannian, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang and Wan Li, the main leaders of the Central Committee at that time, all agreed with the low dam plan.

In February 1984, the leading group of Finance and economics of the State Council held a meeting in Beijing to report to the State Planning Commission

Chinese PinYin : San Xia Da Ba