Fenshuiling nature reserve, Jinping

With a total area of 42000 hectares, the nature reserve has the largest and intact mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest in China, and many national key protected animals and plants. It was listed as a National Nature Reserve in July 2001.

Fenshuiling nature reserve, Jinping

Jinping Fenshuiling nature reserve is located in Jinping County, Southeast Yunnan Province. In July 2001, it was listed as a National Nature Reserve, mainly protecting the rare and endangered species such as black gibbon, bee monkey and forest ecosystem. The total area is 42000 hectares, accounting for 11% of the land area of Jinping Miao Yao Dai Autonomous County in Honghe Prefecture. There are the largest and intact mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest in China; there are 105 species of national key protected plants, 72 genera, 37 families; 120 species of mammals, 29 families, 9 orders; 91 species of amphibians and reptiles; 338 species of birds. Among mammals, 32 species are rare and endangered; among amphibians and reptiles, 8 species are under state key protection; among birds, 58 species are under state key protection.

natural environment

Jinping Fenshuiling nature reserve is located in Jinping County, Southeast Yunnan Province. It covers an area of 10761 hectares. The main protected objects are the rare and endangered species, such as black gibbon, bee monkey and forest ecosystem.

It was approved by Yunnan Provincial People's Government on March 20, 1986 and expanded in 1996. On June 1, 2001, it was upgraded to National Nature Reserve. Location: Jinping Miao Yao Dai Autonomous County, Honghe Hani Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Apos; -- 103 ° 31 ′ 50 apos; apos;, 22 ° 26 ′ 26 apos; apos; -- 22 ° 57 ′ 44 apos; apos;, longitude 102 ° 31 ′ 36 apos; apos; -- 103 ° 31 ′ 50 apos; apos;, latitude 22 ° 26 ′ 26 apos; apos; -- 22 ° 57 ′ 44 apos; apos;. The highest peak of Hetou mountain is 2597 meters above sea level, and the lowest is 1020 meters above sea level. 990-3074.3m, the relative height difference is 2084.3m. There are 14 administrative personnel, 44 scientific and technological personnel and 45 workers. The sources of funding are provincial finance, state finance and county finance. The landform of the reserve is Zhongshan gorge mountain area, with an area of 10761 square meters; the climate is marginal tropical humid area, and the main protected objects are rare and endangered species, such as black gibbon and bee monkey. The reserve has the function of forest and water conservation, and the type of the reserve is natural resource reserve.

The highest altitude in the territory is 3074 meters, and the lowest is 105 meters. The Tropic of cancer passes through the territory. The climate is mild and the rainfall is abundant. The annual average sunshine is 2000 hours, and the annual average temperature is 16-20 degrees Celsius. The three-dimensional climate is obvious. Suitable for the growth of various crops, there are a variety of biological resources.

The nature reserve is a mountain area of Zhongshan gorge. Ailao Mountain range is from north to south, which has become a natural watershed between the red river system in the northeast and the tengtiao river system in the southwest. There are many deep valleys in the reserve, with a relative height difference of 1577 meters. The annual average temperature is 17.7 ℃. The annual precipitation is 2303 mm, which is a rainy area in southern Yunnan. The rivers in the area include Hula River, Baihe River and Jinping River, which are the best tourist areas.

plant resources

There are more than 700 species of higher plants belonging to 140 families in the reserve. There are many relic and endemic species of tertiary plants, such as rudimentary rosette fern, tree fern, horsetail tree, etc. The main vegetation types are monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest and mountaintop dwarf forest. The tree species are Fagaceae, Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae, Aceraceae, ileaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, benzoaceae, Hamamelidaceae, acanthopanaceae and Betulaceae. The monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest belt is distributed between 1000 and 1700 meters above sea level. The lower edge is connected with the destroyed tropical secondary forest, and the upper edge is interlaced with the mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest belt. The main tree species are Quercus, Cyclobalanopsis, Schima, camphor, Machilus, Manglietia, and a small number of deciduous tree species such as Cyclobalanopsis and horsetail The shrub under the forest is developed, and there are few herbaceous species. Tropical economic forest fruits such as rubber, teak, longan, litchi, cashew, mango, grapefruit, banana, sugarcane, coffee, etc. can be planted in tropical areas below 800 meters above sea level; tea, caokuo, star anise, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, walnut, Chinese fir, etc. can be planted in areas above 800 meters above sea level. The area above 1600 meters above sea level is a mossy evergreen rain forest, rich in fruits and herbs. The complex topography and three-dimensional climate constitute a complex ecosystem. There are many kinds of wild tea plants in watershed nature reserve, which are mainly distributed in the area of 1500-2300 meters above sea level. There are a large number of wild tea plants of different sizes, belonging to the national second-class protected plants. One of the oldest is a wild tea tree growing in the virgin forest behind Yongping village, Jinhe town. According to experts, the tea tree has been 500 years old.

The first grade is Alsophila spinulosa; the second grade is Fokienia hodginsii, Magnolia villosa, horsetail tree, Liriodendron chinense, papaya red, original rosette fern; the third grade is Pinus tabulaeformis, Manglietia mangrove, Manglietia mangrove, Manglietia macrophylla, Bruguiera tenuifolia, etc.

Alsophila spinulosa -- "living fossil" plant

Ferns, Alsophila family, also known as tree ferns. Woody, stem columnar, erect, up to 3-8 m in height. The leaves are terminal, 1-3 meters long, with three pinnate divisions and forked veins. Sporangia on the convex receptacle at the branching point of venules; cysts subglobose, membranous. It grows in the forest or grass by the stream. The stem contains starch and is edible.

Animal resources

The animal composition of the reserve is mainly subtropical and tropical. Common mammals are primates, carnivores, Artiodactyla, Lagomorpha, rodents and so on. Common birds are thrush subfamily, Rhododendron subfamily, wenniake, oriole subfamily, yangjike. There are 9 orders, 29 families, 120 species of mammals, 91 species of amphibians and reptiles, 338 species of birds. Among mammals, 32 species are rare and endangered; among amphibians and reptiles, 8 species are under state key protection; among birds, 58 species are under state key protection. The first level of national protected animals includes black gibbon, bee monkey, peacock pheasant, giant lizard and python; the second level includes pangolin, black bear, water deer, big civet, Silver Pheasant, etc.

（1） Black gibbon -- the first class national protected animal

Primates, orangutans. Also known as black crested gibbon. The length of body is 43-54 cm, the length of hind limbs is 15-16.5 cm, and the length of forelimb is longer than hind limbs. The male ape is black with upward hair on the top of the head, which looks like a black crown; the female ape is grayish brown with a brown spot on the head. Black gibbon inhabits in the tropical and subtropical dense forest. It has family life, alert sex, morning and dusk activities. They feed on plant buds and fruits, but also eat insects and bird eggs. They seldom go to the ground to drink water, and mainly rely on the dew on the leaves to supplement water. The male is sexually mature at 9 years old. The gestation period is 7-8 months. Each fetus gives birth to one baby and reproduces once a year,

（2） Python -- the first class national protected animal

Snakes, anacondae. The total length can reach 6-7 meters. The dorsal surface is grayish brown or yellow; the dorsal ridge has a row of large reddish brown patches with black edges and slightly square shape, and a row of smaller patches with lighter central color on both sides. There is a spear shaped spot on the back of the head and neck. The ventral surface of the head is yellowish white, the ventral surface of the trunk and tail is yellowish white, mixed with a few black brown spots. There were 2 anterior orbital scales, 3 or 4 posterior orbital scales, 10-12 upper lip scales, smooth dorsal scales and narrow abdominal scales. Pythons live in tropical and subtropical forests, and can also live in water. Good at climbing and night activities. It feeds on all kinds of wild mammals, birds, giant lizards, livestock and birds. Oviparous, life span up to 25 years, non-toxic.

（3） Python chimera civet

They are also called horizontal spotted civet, long jaw civet, civet, Bagua cat, etc. their body shape is bigger than that of small civet but smaller than that of big civet. Their body length is about 50 cm and their tail length is about 60% of their body length. Its face is longer and narrower, and its snout protrudes forward. There is an "eight" shaped spot on the shoulder and four wide and large black horizontal spots on the back, so it is also called "horizontal spotted civet cat" or "Bagua cat". There are small spots on the side of the body. The coat is short and rough. The direction of the neck hair is from back to front, and there are two hair swirls on the shoulder. The basic color of upper body is light white or light yellow. There are two broad black brown bands at the base of the tail, and the ends after 2 / 3 of the tail are all black brown. It is an endemic genus in northern Vietnam, southern Yunnan and Laos. In the south of Yunnan, it is only distributed in Malipo, Maguan, Hekou, Pingbian, Jinping and Luchun. The civet cats live mainly in tropical rain forests, rainforests and subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests, secondary forests, forest fringe shrubs and grass in northern Indochina. Most of them move and seek food along rivers and valleys. The altitude of habitat is generally below 50 meters. For habitat, can also tree activities. They eat mice, birds, eggs, lizards, frogs and insects. They also eat fresh leaves and berries of plants. In addition to the breeding period, it is mainly solitary. It is nocturnal, hiding in tree holes, soil holes or dense forest places to rest during the day. The activity starts at dusk and stops at dawn. The peak time of activity is from 21:00 to 24:00. The breeding and mating period of transverse spotted civet is mainly from January to March every year. The pregnancy period is about 60 days. There are one or two fetuses per year, with 1-3 pups per litter. The population of civet is rare. It is estimated that the number in southern Yunnan is no more than 300. Therefore, it is also listed as the rare or endangered species in the family civet.

tourist resources

Jinping Fenshuiling nature reserve is an important part of Yunnan's construction of international passageway, China ASEAN Free Trade Area and "opening the south gate to Asia"

Chinese PinYin : Jin Ping Fen Shui Ling Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu