Sangzhuzi Zongbao

Sangzhuzi Zongbao

Sangzhuzi Castle: the palace castle of sangzhuzi (one of the 13 in the eastern Tibetan area). This magnificent hilltop palace castle is a landmark building in Shigatse. It is located in Zongshan of sangzhuzi district (the new name of the old Shigatse City), and is called Shigatse Potala Palace. Built in 1360, it has a history of more than 600 years. Zongpu is divided into four floors and has more than 300 houses.

Sangzhuzi is the top of Ruyi mountain, which represents the capital position of this place in the history of Naidong Tibetan area: it was the capital during the period of the pazhugaju regime established by Jiangqu jianzan. During the period of zangbahan, there was a royal palace at the foot of the mountain, but it was still a religious government here. In 1642, Gushi Khan overthrew Tibet and Pakistan, which made the Gelug Sect gain the ruling power. The political center of Tibet returned to Lhasa. The jurisdiction of sangzhuzi Zong government was narrowed down to the local area, and the "sangzhu" in the name of the city was cancelled. It was only called xikazi, that is, Rikaze

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Function: in history, it was a comprehensive function place of temple and government, and now it is Shigatse Museum.

Source: qiangqu jianzan, the "dasitu" granted by Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty, was in charge of the whole Tibet. He divided the Tibetan areas under the Naidong Dynasty into 13 major areas, and built a palace Castle style building in each area to gather the functions of temples and the government. Sangzhuzi Zongbao was in charge of the affairs of the Naidong Tibetan area and later Tibet. Sangzhuzizong's palace is the last one built, with higher level and larger scale than that of Jiangzi ancient castle.

Influence: sangzhuzi Zongbao is a representative work of Tibetan castle architecture, and the relationship between them is the ancestor of the style of Potala Palace in Lhasa. In 1642, Gushi Khan invited the fifth Dalai Lama to live on the top of it, and the capital of Tibet moved from sangzhuzi (of the Karmapa kargyu regime and the Tibetan bahangama Dynasty) to Lhasa (of the Gelug regime and the Shute Khanate). They rebuilt the Potala in Lhasa during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty It is hard to avoid absorbing its excellent characteristics as a model, but later it was added. It also influenced the architectural style of zandan temple in Suo county and the temple of Putuo Zongcheng in Chengde Mountain Resort of Hebei Province.

landmark

As the second largest city in Tibet Autonomous Region, Shigatse has two magnificent monumental buildings in history. One is the famous tashilumbu temple, which is the residence of Panchen lamas, and has been built up to now. The other is the sangzhuzi Castle (see photo), which is rarely known by outsiders but enjoys a high reputation locally. Xinhua News Agency reporter jueguo (photo), known as "little potala palace.".

Sangzhu pastoral area is located in the east of Shigatse City, where there is a very similar "Potala Palace" building, which is located on the top of Zongshan mountain (sangzhuzizong), which is a striking sign of this area.

East West 280 meters long, 92 meters high, a total of five floors, building area of 12000 square meters.

Now it's the Shigatse Zongshan Museum. You can visit it free of charge. It is mainly divided into several exhibition halls. You can introduce the history of Shigatse and the cultural relics and historic sites of various counties to the tourists. At ordinary times, you will also show some calligraphy and paintings. There are more than 4000 collections, including more than 60 precious cultural relics.

Local people, some call it sangzhuzi Zongbao (proper name), some call it little potala palace (alternative name).

Difference: the castle on the top of the mountain is basically the same, but there are also differences. Some articles on the Internet confuse two Zongbao in Shigatse area: sangzhuzi Zongbao and Jiangzi Zongbao (ancient Jiangzi Fort) in Jiangzi county. There is a monument to the heroes of Jiangzi Zongshan nearby to commemorate the anti British army in 1903-1904. The two fortresses are located in different hills, and their architectural styles are quite different. Because of the large hills, the buildings are scattered.

Geography

In the ancient and prosperous Shigatse City, at the intersection of Xueqiang Road, bangjiakong road and jiangluokangsa Road, I saw a very special building, much like the Potala Palace in Lhasa. After inquiry, I learned that this is the Shigatse Museum on Zongshan, also known as sangzhuzi Zongbao.

A grand palace style building stands on Zongshan mountain in the north of the city, overlooking the important town of houzang after more than 600 years of wind and rain.

As a castle like building complex on the top of the mountain, Shigatse museum is second only to Potala Palace in scale and momentum. Because it is similar to Potala Palace, it is called "little potala palace".

From a distance, the red and white walls of the "little potala palace" are very conspicuous in the sunshine. Even from a distance, you can see its great "figure". No matter before or now, it is one of the landmark buildings in Shigatse.

history

Abstract: at the end of Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, it was once the political center of Tibet. According to the records of baiguanzhi in the history of the Yuan Dynasty and other documents, datu Jiangqu jianzan (1302-1364), who came from the upper Lang family in Tibet, replaced the rule of the "saga faction" with the "pazhugeju faction" in the yuan Zhizheng period (1341 1368). Later, the "ten thousand household system" was abolished, and the Tibetan area was divided into 13 large administrative units (the unity of politics and Religion) From Xialu to Shigatse, xikasangzhuzi was first named as "xikasangzhuzi", which means manor, "sangzhu" is close to "Ruyi", "Zi" means "peak", and "xikasangzhuzi" means "Ruyi villa", which became the old name of Shigatse. In 1642, Gushi Khan overthrew the Tibetan BA Khan and the Gelug faction and gained the ruling power. The political center of Tibet returned to Lhasa. The jurisdiction of sangzhuzi Zong government was narrowed down to this area, and the "sangzhu" in the name of the city was also cancelled. Only the abbreviation "xikazi", namely "Shigatse", was retained, and "xikasangzhuzi Zong" could only be called "Shigatse Zong". However, the reputation of sangzhuzi Zongbao (known locally as "sangzhuzi Zonggong", "Zongshan", "Zonggong" etc.) has been handed down among the people. Historically, sangzhuzi was the last of the thirteen. The so-called "Zong" originally refers to architecture, especially "blockhouse" and "fortress". Later it extended to the local government and its castle, also known as "Zongshan" and "Zongbao", such as the famous Jiangzi Zongshan. There are scripture hall, Buddha Hall, Zongfu, monk, folk house, prison, storage and other facilities in the castle. The prototypes of these castles are mostly from the "watchtowers" in the Tibetan mountainous areas. Due to the important position of Shigatse at that time and the direct involvement of Jiangqu jianzan, sangzhuzi Zongbao was higher than other Zongbao built in the same period in scale, shape grade and exquisite perfection. So after its completion, Jiangqu jianzan was satisfied that "he had fulfilled all his long cherished wishes"

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Sangzhuzi is a place name, that is, the top of Ruyi mountain: "sangzhu" is close to "Ruyi", and "Zi" means "peak". ——Shigatse is the Chinese translation of xikazi, that is, the peak manor. "Xika" is the general name of the feudal manor in Tibet. Xikasangzhuzi (Shigatse) is not the abbreviation of "xikasangzhuzi", because xikasangzhuzi, sangzhu and Zi have their own meanings and can be independently collocated: sangzhu is Ruyi, xikasangzhuzi is jianzan in Jiangqu In the period of Heshuote khanate, the capital of Tibet was moved to Lhasa, sangzhu (Ruyi) was canceled, and xikasangzhuzi was renamed xikasangzhuzi.

Zongbao: the fortress of Zong (a certain group). The fortress of the city is called castle, and the fortress of Palace (the building group where the ruler lives) is called palace fortress.

The history of sangzhuzi Zongbao can be traced back to more than 600 years ago. Qiangqu jianzan, the "dasitu" granted by Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty, was in charge of the whole Tibet. He divided the Naidong Tibetan area (the Tibetan area under the Naidong dynasty founded by qiangqu jianzan) into 13 large areas, and built a palace style building in each area to gather the functions of the temple and the government. Sangzhuzizongbao, which is in charge of the affairs of Shigatse, was the last one built and completed in 1363. As for the last Zongbao, it should refer to the ancient castle of Gyangze, so the architectural function and style are well considered.

During the period of zangba khangama Kingdom (the capital is Shigatse), there was a royal palace under the Zongshan mountain, so the status of Zongpu in the local area was relatively reduced.

In 1642, Gushi Khan overthrew the kingdom of zangba Khan Gama of the Karmapa Gaju faction. He once asked Dalai, the leader of the Gelug faction, to live in its top (living area). Dalai held a ruling ceremony of the new regime (Heshuote Khanate and its power granted to the Dalai system) in the palace.

Explanation: some online articles about sangzhuzi Zongbao and Potala Palace only talk about the fifth Dalai Lama without mentioning Gushi Khan, which is not comprehensive and easy to cause serious misunderstanding. They think that the fifth Dalai Lama was the supreme ruler at that time, and they do not understand the multi-ethnic cross mixing (objective history) in the history of the Chinese nation. In fact, it was Gushi Khan who overthrew the kingdom of zangba Khan Gama and made peace At the peak of the development of shuote khanate, the Dalai government is only one of the elements of the regime system, and the military power is still in Gushi Khan (King), moving the capital (from Shigatse to Lhasa) and granting power to the Gelug Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama, which is also from Gushi Khan, the Gelug Sect known as the Dharma protector.

structure

Zongbao built four storey houses on top of the platform based buildings (the peak fortress usually has this feature), with more than 300 houses. The top floor is the living area; the third floor is dedicated to Buddha statues and religious supplies, and has collected a complete set of ganzhur Scripture and danzhur Scripture; the bottom two are the Buddhist scriptures

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