Tongren ancient city

Tongren zhongnanmen ancient city is located in the center of Tongren City. It faces water in the East, South and West, and mountains in the north. The terrain is dangerous and difficult to defend and attack. It covers a total area of 36685 square meters, and the total area of ancient residential buildings is 25544 square meters. It is the only original historical block in Tongren City that can reflect the style of the ancient city, and is the unique national cultural resources of Tongren City.

Tongren ancient city

Tongren zhongnanmen ancient city is located in the center of Tongren City. It faces water in the East, South and West, and mountains in the north. The terrain is dangerous and difficult to defend and attack. It covers a total area of 37000 square meters, with a total area of 26000 square meters of ancient residential buildings. It is the only original historical block in Tongren City that can reflect the style of the ancient city, and is the unique national cultural resources of Tongren City.

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historical origin

The ancient city of Tongren faces water in the East, South and West, and mountains in the north. The terrain is dangerous and difficult to defend and attack. As early as the 32nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1553), because "the border village of Tongren was the gateway to the entry and exit of the barbarians, and the gateway to the main pass of Si, Shi, Chen, Yuanfu, and Wei", the Ming Court moved the garrison officers of Guizhou and governor Ping (Yue) and Qing (Lang) to Tongren, added the titles of governor Mayang, and controlled the participation of zhendu. After calming down the rebellion of Yang Yinglong, the chieftain of Bozhou, the general army once stationed in the provincial capital in spring and summer and Tongren in winter and autumn. It was not until the second year of Qi Dynasty (1662) that Shuixi Tusi anbangyan rebelled against the Ming Dynasty that the chief military officer stationed in the provincial capital and set up a general to guard Tongren. The military position of Tongren can be seen from this.

In February of 1413, the Ming Dynasty took the lead in China's reform of land to flow, abolishing the two xuanweisi of Sizhou and Sinan, setting up eight prefectures, including Tongren, and setting up the administrative department of Guizhou, which made Guizhou become an administrative unit at the provincial level. When Tongren was first set up as a government house, it did not build a city wall, but only protected by tree fences. In 1449, the Miao people in Hongjiang revolted, and the palisade and the magistrate's office were all burned up. In 1451, Zhu Jian, the magistrate of the Ming Dynasty, began to build an earth city. The circumference of the city was 758 Zhang, about three li. There are four gates in the East (Jianming gate), South (Anfu gate), West (Fuyuan gate) and North (Changning gate). In 1505, the magistrate Liu Yu repaired the old city which had collapsed for a long time and built 135 feet of the north gate wall. In the seventh year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1512), Zhou rutuan, the magistrate, built a riverside Earth City in Yixi. In 1534, the governor Ao Wenzhen built the northeast city. After several times of construction, it began to be called perfect. Ao Wenzhen, the magistrate, built the northeast city. In the 19th year (1540), the Miao people of Chu, Guizhou and Shu provinces revolted. Because of the low pass of the old city, Li zikun, the magistrate, was hard to defend. In the 22nd year (1543), he abandoned the old city and expanded the new city. In the east of the city, 358 Zhang were built from east to west. The wall was made of brick and stone, one Zhang and six feet high, and deep moats were dug (no water). Later, Li Yunjian, the prefect of Sizhou, and Zhang Daru, the garrison of Tongren, built it several times, such as Liu Zhongfang. The total length of the city wall is 936 feet, including 868 battlements, 7 towers, 3 turrets and 803 towers. Seven gates have been opened: Zhengnan gate, Zhongnan gate, Xianan gate, Jinghe gate, Gongchen gate, Fucheng gate and Binyang gate. The East, South and west of the city are surrounded by Shuangjiang River, about 4 Li; from the north gate to the East, there is a moat, about 300 steps long (about 480 meters), one Zhang deep and one Zhang wide. In 1602, the city wall was destroyed by the flood. Governor Guo Zizhang issued more than 590 liang of official silver. He ordered Lu Yunlong, the Deputy road patrol envoy of the soldiers stationed in Tongren, he Dajin, the magistrate, and he sanrang, the magistrate, to build the Fucheng, and build the Tucheng of Tongren County to the north of the Fucheng. In 1607, the city wall was destroyed again by floods. Governor Feng Yiyuan also issued more than 900 taels of official silver, together with donations from local military and political officials, scattered buildings and rebuilt the city wall. On the basis of the old wall, it is three tenths higher and two tenths thicker. It has 3264 battlements, 7 gatehouses (later added new east gate and rear water gate to facilitate the people to get water), 4 turrets, 1088 Zhang of the city wall, and 1100 Zhang of the county. "Solid construction, rugged battlements, outstanding crown Qianzhong.". The jiangzonglou, which was built on the south gate, was praised by the predecessors as "magnificent, connecting three rivers (Tongren's big river, small river and Tongjiang River after confluence), with a hundred pheasants on its toes, a thousand mountains rising green, and many waters dragging blue, which is a wonderful victory for the county." On the Dragon Boat Festival in the 38th year of Wanli (June 25th, 1610), Deng Zhong, the Guizhou general stationed in Tongren, and Liu Jingguang, the governor of Shidao in Tongren, sang to each other on the tower of the city the poem of "the five day jiangzong Louguan race to get the cold rhyme:" a thousand gates hang down, the orchids are fragrant, and the Xiao and drum flow with laughter. The colorful scenery is seen from the Jiaoshi, and the beautiful banquet is seen from the mirage. Smoke cross the ancient river, waves shake Chongya, may cold. If you go back to Xiaoxiang, Kunchi still knows the altar of the Han Dynasty. " "Jiangge invited guests to smile and lean on the fence. The painting boat chased ten thousand people to see. Who is the first to win by riding the wind and breaking the waves. If you want to continue your life, you should only eat with millet. Qiannan doesn't have to stay here to win the Pushang cup. " It is not difficult to imagine the bustling scene on the city floor at that time.

In 1658, the governor Liang Maochen rebuilt the gates and towers of the upper, middle and lower South gates. Since then, the walls have been repaired in the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), the 37th year of Qianlong (1772), the third year of Daoguang (1823) and the twelfth year of guangchunli (1886). In 1866, Chen Mei, the governor of Tongzhi, also built two northeast fortresses, 28 small fortresses and one nitrate shed for every ten battlements. A total of 173 nitrate sheds were built. During the period of the Republic of China, two gatehouses and two blockhouses were built at zhongnanmen and xindongmen respectively.

After liberation, most of Tongren city walls were well preserved. Later, with the development of the city, the city wall was gradually demolished. Now, only the city wall from jiangzongmen to zhongnanmen still exists (without battlements, and there are female wall railings similar to battlements), and the gate hole of jiangzongmen is still in good condition. In 1980, the ancient city wall of Tongren was listed as a county-level cultural relic protection unit.

present situation

Zhongnanmen ancient city in Tongren City is located in the center of Tongren City, with a total area of about 37000 square meters and a total area of about 26000 square meters of ancient residential buildings. It is the only original historical block in Tongren City that can reflect the style of the ancient city and is the unique national cultural resources of Tongren City. The ancient buildings take the North-South Zhongshan Road as the longitudinal axis, which is divided on both sides of the road, and then connected by countless East-West roadways. Watchtowers, ancestral temples, dwellings, shops, roadways, city walls and wharves are gradually arranged. There are a large number of buildings and a complete range of types. According to the survey, most of the dwellings in the ancient city area have a history of two or three hundred years, most of which are left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The forms of residential buildings, religious buildings and commercial buildings of all ethnic groups are skillfully combined here, and the eastern Guizhou culture, Central Plains culture and Huizhou merchant culture are combined here, which directly reflects the history of urban development. May 19, 2013 is the first "China Tourism Day". In order to celebrate this festival in Chongqing, give full play to the positive role of tourism in inheriting Chinese civilization, protecting natural environment, promoting economic and social development, and create a good atmosphere for supporting tourism and participating in tourism in the whole society, Tongren Municipal People's government and Tongren Regional Tourism Bureau held the first "China Tourism Festival" in Tongren ancient city district from May 19 to 25 Tourism Day "Tongren ancient city cultural tourism festival".

It is reported that the confluence of the two rivers in the ancient city of Tongren is caused by water. According to historical records, during the Yuan Dynasty, a fisherman was honored by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism at the confluence of rivers outside the ancient city, hence the name of the ancient city. Recent archaeology shows that about 3000 years ago, both sides of the Jinjiang River in Tongren were densely populated and culturally prosperous. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were boats, merchants and guilds, which made it known as "Qiandong protection shop". In 1451, Zhu Keng, the magistrate of the Ming Dynasty, began to build the Earth City on the basis of the river. Later, through the successive building of terraces and stones by the government, a pattern of nine gates, three streets and six lanes was formed. The ancient city is still well preserved. The ancient streets, alleys, pools, wharves, wells, trees and quadrangle houses are all preserved in the city. They are lined with green bricks and tiles. They are rare Physical Archives of urban development. In 2006, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. Now, Tongren municipal government has raised funds to carry out the protective repair and development of the ancient city, and officially opened on May 1, 2013

The ancient city is full of new vitality and great value of appreciation and experience.

Address: Tongren City

Longitude: 109.170284

Latitude: 27.771051

Chinese PinYin : Tong Ren Gu Cheng