Nismanba blockhouse

Nismanba blockhouse

Risimanba blockhouse is located in Shibo village, gasman village, zongke Township, Rangtang County, Sichuan Province. It is built on the edge of the front desk of gasman mountain, facing west and East, and its plane layout is rectangular. The base of the wall is high in the north and low in the south. It is a flat top building built of rubble and wood. The blockhouse is divided into nine floors, with a ladder shape. The bottom floor is the livestock pen. The north of the second floor is the kitchen, the south is the living room, the third and fourth floors are the bedrooms, the fifth floor is the Sutra hall, and the sixth floor is the sundry storeroom. A single wooden ladder is set between each floor for up and down. Each floor above the second floor has a large window and several small windows for ventilation or wartime shooting holes. Risimamba blockhouse is a typical Tibetan traditional blockhouse building with the longest existing age and the largest number of storeys in Aba Prefecture, which has high historical and scientific research value. In 2006, nismanba blockhouse was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Architectural features

Risimanba blockhouse is located in shibozhai, the front desk of gasman mountain, zongke Township, 88 kilometers away from the county seat of Rangtang. It is a very typical traditional Tibetan blockhouse, which was built in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. Among the brilliant residential buildings, risimanba blockhouse reflects the long history and cultural tradition and lofty aesthetic consciousness of the Tibetan nation, which can be called a shining star in the treasure house of Tibetan architectural art.

In the towns and villages of Tibetan areas, there is a kind of dignified, calm and noble style of folk houses everywhere. Most of the Tibetan residential buildings are two or three storey stone and wood structures, which are mainly built according to the mountain terrain. The building format is square flat top, and the planes are slightly staggered, resulting in overlapping of blocks. Each wing is based on thick rectangular blocks, standing up and closing step by step. In color, it is customary to paint pink or red on large stone walls, and the small windows with trapezoidal black frames have bright lines and neat rhythms, which not only show the passion and rhythm of life, but also show the rational and refined demeanor of meditation. In the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Tibetan people have created many folk houses with national characteristics. Blockhouse is a typical representative of Tibetan culture in eastern Tibet and an important part of Tibetan traditional residential architecture culture. It is widely distributed in Aba Prefecture and Ganzi Prefecture, among which the blockhouse in ABA is the most typical.

This kind of blockhouse is generally three to four story building, facing mostly South or southeast, with square plane and solid external wall. Taking the four story blockhouse as an example, its typical layout is: raising livestock and stacking debris on the bottom floor, cooking room and storage room on the second floor, bedroom on the third floor, sutra hall and sun terrace on the top floor. The main rooms on the upper floor are laid with floors, and people sit on the ground. There is a small patio in the middle of the room connecting the floors, which is used for ventilation and lighting. The floors are connected by a single wooden ladder. There are no windows on the ground floor. There are few and small windows above the second floor, and the arrangement is not even. The wall is narrow in the upper part and wide in the lower part, thick and heavy, with obvious closure. The shape of the whole blockhouse is simple, with little decoration. It is lively and lively in the mountainous area. Some of these blockhouses are close to the streets and rivers, and some are close to the mountains and green waters. They have distinctive features, just like brilliant mountain flowers, dotted among the green mountains and green waters.

Risimanba blockhouse is the oldest, largest, most storeyed and highest built traditional Tibetan residential building found in Sichuan Province and even in the whole country. Therefore, it is known as the "king of Tibetan residential buildings". On the left and right are rural roads, farmland and shibozhai, and they are built from west to East in accordance with the trend of the mountains. The wall base is high in the north and low in the south, and the plane layout is rectangular. The blockhouse is divided into nine layers, big at the bottom and small at the top, with a height of 25 meters. From the second floor, the layers are close to the north and form a platform. The north stone wall runs from the bottom to the top, and the top floor area is only one sixth of the bottom floor. As a result, both the side view and the front view are as beautiful as a ladder. The first floor of the blockhouse is the livestock pen, the second floor is the kitchen in the north, the south is the living room, the third and fourth floor is the bedroom, the fifth floor is the Buddhist scripture hall, and the sixth floor is the sundry storeroom. From the second floor, wooden corridors are set on each floor for drying grain or enjoying the cool. There are wooden stilted toilets on the third and fourth floors. Each floor above the second floor has a large window and several small windows for ventilation or lookout. Nismanba blockhouse was built by local chieftains for their painters and has been used for 13 generations. According to the local custom of passing on grandchildren but not children, the building age should be in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty.

Cultural relic value

When you enter gasman village, the first thing you can see is the tall blockhouse on the south edge of the front desk of gasman mountain. From a distance, it looks like a giant standing tall. If you look closer, you will find that the blockhouse is very thick, dignified and majestic, giving people a noble and powerful aesthetic feeling. The Tibetan ancestors built blockhouses not only to keep warm and store grain in alpine areas, but also to prevent foreign invasion. Therefore, the emphasis is on thick and solid, rather than smooth surface, and most of them are built in dangerous places for defense. The layout of the blockhouse is well arranged, reflecting a kind of overall consciousness and extraordinary momentum. This kind of residential form can be described as the same origin as the "qionglong" building which was popular in Northwest Sichuan during the Qin and Han Dynasties in the historical records and the book of the later Han Dynasty. It has high historical and scientific research value.

Tibetan blockhouse building is a solidified culture, which can be preserved for a long time. Standing quietly among the green mountains and rivers, it is bathed in the sunshine and the moon, and embraces the aura of mountains and rivers. Every stone and tree is permeated with the majestic stone charm of Tibetan ancient architecture. If you pick up a piece of stone, you can touch its stone vein for hundreds of years. It reflects the magnanimity, broad mind and great power of the Tibetan people. It is a precious heritage of the world's architectural art treasure house.

Address: Shibo village, gasman village, zongke Township, Rangtang County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture

Longitude: 102.221548

Latitude: 31.881011

Chinese PinYin : Ri Si Man Ba Diao Fang