Puwa Nature Reserve

Puwa municipal Nature Reserve in Beijing

synonym

Puwa Nature Reserve generally refers to Puwa municipal Nature Reserve in Beijing

Puwa Nature Reserve is located in Puwa Township, southwest of Fangshan District, Beijing. It belongs to forest ecosystem type. There are a large number of rare wild animals and plants and the natural environment suitable for their survival in the reserve. On March 14, 2005, it was officially approved as Puwa Nature Reserve by Beijing municipal government.

geographical environment

position

Puwa Nature Reserve covers a total area of 53.97 square kilometers, adjacent to Xiayunling Township and Shidu town in the southeast and Laishui County in Hebei Province in the northwest. The geographical coordinates are 115 ° 35 ′ - 115 ° 46 ′ E and 39 ° 43 ′ - 39 ° 49 ′ n. It is 90km away from Fangshan government and 120km away from Beijing.

soil

The coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt above 800m altitude in Puwa Nature Reserve belongs to mountain brown soil type;

In this area, the mountain is steep, the temperature is low, the evaporation is small, and the humidity is high; in the areas with serious vegetation damage or the sunny slope, the mountain brown soil degenerates to form the mountain coarse bony brown soil.

Below 800m above sea level, the distribution of the gully area is mountain leached cinnamon soil; on the carbonate parent rock, it is mountain carbonate cinnamon soil; on the serious soil erosion area, it is mountain coarse bony cinnamon soil.

climate

Puwa Nature Reserve is located in warm temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate zone, with mild climate and sufficient light. The annual average temperature is 9-11 ℃, frost free period is 160-200 days, accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ is 3500-3800 ℃, and annual sunshine hours is 2063 hours.

Due to the relatively high altitude, dense vegetation, obvious forest microclimate characteristics and large temperature difference between day and night.

The annual average precipitation is 610 mm, with large interannual variability and uneven distribution. More than 80% of the precipitation is concentrated in June to September, and more than 65% in July and August.

Protection target

Protected objects

① Quercus liaotungensis forest, Carpinus Carpinus forest, Juglans mandshurica forest and Populus davidiana forest are the representative natural secondary forests in large area.

② Tilia amurensis, Phellodendron amurense, Glycine soja and other national key protected plants; the living environment of rare and endangered plants and their populations and individuals in Beijing area, such as Cymbidium parvifolium, Allium aurantium, Cymbidium cornutum, Sargassum, lacquer tree, Pterocarpus tinctorius, etc.

③ As of 2013, there are about 300 brown eared pheasants in Beijing and about 50 in Puwa Nature Reserve. Therefore, this area is the main distribution area of brown eared pheasants in Beijing.

④ The only remaining population of Apis cerana cerana in North China, North China was the main distribution area of Apis cerana cerana. In the 1990s, there were only more than 30 groups of Apis cerana cerana in Puwa rural area in North China. After protection and breeding, it has developed to 2000 groups in 2013.

Key target

Phellodendron amurense, a national key protected plant, belongs to the genus Phellodendron of Rutaceae. It is found in dayoulong, luzishui village, with a small number. The outer layer of the tree is thick and the cork layer is developed; the inner layer is thin and bright yellow. It has high medicinal value.

Tilia amurensis (< itilia amurensis < / I), a national key protected plant, belongs to Tiliaceae. It is distributed in the range of ice cold lake in this area. It is often the associated tree species of Beijing clove, Carpinus Carpinus and Juglans mandshurica. It is widely distributed and grows well.

Puwa Nature Reserve also preserves a variety of endangered and rare species in Beijing: lacquer tree, Pterocarpus tatarinowii, Actinidia arguta; Cymbidium cornutum, Allium auriculatum, Sargassum, Cymbidium parvifolium and other orchids.

natural resources

As of 2013, according to the field survey results, there are 552 species of vascular plants, belonging to 100 families and 331 genera, including 534 species of wild plants and 18 species of cultivated plants; the families, genera and species of wild vascular plants account for 58.88%, 36.01% and 25.83% of Beijing respectively.

According to the different uses of economic plant resources, the resource plants of 532 wild vascular plants in puwalin area are divided into the following 14 categories: timber plants There are 44 species, 242 medicinal plants, 46 forage plants, 38 fiber plants, 12 soil and water conservation plants, 70 ornamental plants, 20 wild vegetables, 16 wild fruit plants, 19 oil plants, 6 pigment plants, 11 honey plants, 10 aromatic plants, 7 tanning plants and 10 starch plants.

Management measures

Small watershed management

By the end of 2013, the ecological forest comprehensive projects in Puwa small watershed, tuerling small watershed, luzishui small watershed and Senshui small watershed have been completed, with a planning area of 65.9 square kilometers and a treatment area of 55 square kilometers. The main projects include ecological restoration project and ecological treatment project, with a total of 5100 Mu ecological forest and 300 mu economic forest; 12 water source projects and small reservoir project 48, 12000 meters of diversion pipeline, 8 pumping stations and 12000 meters of Shiba terraces.

Mine restoration

In 2007, 200 mu of mine restoration project was completed. Including: luzishui village 170 mu, Baoshui village 30 mu. 13054 labors were invested, 6977 cubic meters of wall construction and 130 mu of land preparation were completed.

In 2010, 317 mu of mine restoration has been completed, 56515 m3 of waste slag leveling, 4428 m3 of dry retaining wall, 1272 m3 of mortar retaining wall, 8275 m3 of foreign soil backfill, 43302 m2 of artificial land preparation, 12740 m of water transmission and supply pipeline, and 9 reservoirs.

Afforestation on barren mountain

In recent years, 2960 mu of barren mountain afforestation project has been completed in Puwa Nature Reserve, with a total of 190080 seedlings planted, including 50280 in yudouquan village, 53800 in Baoshui village, 26840 in luzishui village, 36960 in Dongcun village, 14800 in Puwa village and 7400 in Yihe village.

ecological value

The establishment of Puwa Nature Reserve can not only protect the forest ecosystem in the northern part of Taihang Mountains, protect the national first-class protected animal brown eared pheasant and restore the wild population of Apis cerana, but also protect the water source of Juma River, protect the green barrier of Beijing and improve the ecological environment of Beijing. In addition, the establishment of nature reserves can also promote the development of ecological economy in Puwa.

Tourism information

traffic

The national highway and Laibao Road (Laishui - Baoshui) run through the whole territory in a "t" shape.

Hunting Villa

Beijing Tianlong hunting mountain resort is the general name of Tianlong Mountain Resort and Puwa hunting ground. It is located in Puwa Township, Fangshan District, with an altitude of 800-1800 and an average annual temperature of 12 ℃. It can be called the small Tibet in Fangshan District. It is connected with Shidu scenic spot in the south, Yesanpo in the West and baicaopan scenic spot in Baihua Mountain in the north. The villa has a total area of 10000 mu, a building area of 9000 square meters and guest rooms of 6000 square meters.

Address: near Laibao Road

Longitude: 115.55887

Latitude: 39.704023

Tel: 010-61371400

Chinese PinYin : Pu Wa Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu