Xiama square

More than 600 years ago, "Xiaolingwei" was the name of an elite army in the Ming Empire, and its status was no less than that of the Royal Guard in the capital. At that time, Xiaolingwei was a royal forbidden area, where nearly 6000 elite soldiers were stationed. All civil and military officials had to dismount and walk here. It is now a historic site.

Xiama square

Xiama square

Chinese Pinyin: Xi à m à f à ng

Explanation: in ancient times, a memorial archway was built in front of a forbidden mausoleum or temple. People who ride horses here must come down on foot, which is called Xiama square. Ming Xiaoling dismount square written "all the officials dismount." In the third year of Tiancong, the record of the Qing Dynasty: "on both sides of the mausoleum, there is a horse square. It is forbidden to take cars and horses. If you pass, you must go down."

Nanjing Xiama square

Xiamafang ruins park covers a total area of 20 hectares, and its place name is Xiaolingwei. It is located outside Zhongshan Gate, north gate of Weigang campus of Nanjing Agricultural University, near Xiamafang station of Nanjing Metro Line 2. More than 600 years ago, "Xiaolingwei" was the name of an elite army in the Ming Empire, and its status was no less than that of the Royal Guard in the capital. At that time, Xiaolingwei was a royal forbidden area, where nearly 6000 elite soldiers were stationed. All civil and military officials had to dismount and walk here. There is only one reason for such solemnity and solemnity. This is the entrance to the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Xiaoling of Ming Dynasty is the symbol of the state and imperial power, and also the "dragon vein". The safety of Xiaoling means the prosperity and long-term national fortune of the descendants. Therefore, in addition to the management of the imperial palace inside Xiaoling, the royal family specially set up a military organization "Xiaoling guard" on the east side of Xiama square to protect the safety of Xiaoling.

Xiama square

It is a landmark building at the entrance of Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty. It is a two column stone archway with a height of 9 meters and a width of 6 meters. On its forehead, six characters are engraved: "officials of various divisions dismount". That is to say, it instructs civil and military officials at all levels to dismount and walk here in order to maintain the solemnity of the mausoleum and respect for the mausoleum. Xiama square was set up in 1393, the 26th year of Hongwu. The memorial archway is of great shape, fine carving and fair calligraphy. It is a fine stone carving building in the early Ming Dynasty. Xiamafang is a part of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. In 2007, the Nanjing municipal government built the Xiamafang Ruins Park, where all the cultural relics related to Xiamafang gathered. After many years of interruption, the Xiamafang to dajinmen Shinto was restored again, ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum.

Stele of shenlie mountain

36 meters to the east of Xiama square is the "shenlie mountain stele" erected in 1531 A.D. in the 10th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. The stele is 4 meters high, with the word "imperial edict" engraved on the forehead and three words "shenlie mountain" engraved on the surface of the stele. The original stele Pavilion is no longer in existence, except for the four corner stone pillar foundation. The stele of shenlie mountain was erected in the 10th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty when Zhongshan was changed into shenlie mountain.

Forbidden stele

Standing in 1641, the 14th year of Chongzhen reign of Ming Dynasty, it is 3.46 meters high and 5.31 meters wide. The first part of the stele is carved with two dragons grabbing pearls, and the surface of the stele is engraved with the prohibition of damaging the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty and paying respects to the mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty by the imperial edict of the emperor.

Dragon stone carving components. It is slightly incomplete. It is in the shape of a horizontal tablet. It has been broken into three pieces, with a total length of 5.01 meters, a width of 1.18 meters and a thickness of 0.40 meters. The dragon pattern is a high relief sculpture with exquisite carving. The most concave dragon pattern is 9 cm out of the surface of the tablet, and part of it is carved. There are 0.18 meters wide edges on both sides of the tablet. The edge is carved with Ruyi cloud pattern, and the middle of the tablet is carved with a five clawed dragon pattern. The lines are smooth and vivid. The dragon pattern is carved with dragon scale pattern. Both ends of the tenon, tenon 18 cm long, 20 cm wide; the other end of the tenon has been residual. The component should be a relic of the stele Pavilion in shenxie mountain, which was unearthed in 2007. The old man walks the birds in the park and puts the birdcage on the stone carvings, which also has his own taste.

Big stone wall of Guanyin Pavilion

It weighs 30 tons and is polished by the whole bluestone. It is 5.56 meters high, 4.5 meters wide and 0.5 meters thick. There is a row of Sanskrit with six characters on the top of the facade of the stone wall, and a 2.12-meter-high relief flame Buddha image backlight with eight auspicious patterns on the backlight. The lower part of the stone wall is xumizuo, with carved ornaments on the waist. On the back of the stone wall are carved "crystal screen" with the signature of "Jiangning Liu Ruisheng".

According to the records of Jinling fanchazhi, dashibi is a relic of Guanyin temple built by Emperor Yongle of Ming Dynasty in memory of his biological mother near Xiaoling of Ming Dynasty. In the past 600 years, Guanyin temple has been destroyed by war, leaving only this big stone wall built in the wall of a family. In February 2002, Nanjing Hangzhou highway was widened and demolished, and it came to light again. In May 2007, Zhongshan cemetery authority built Xiamafang ruins park. This large stone wall moved about 150 meters to the northwest and was included in the park. A huge square pavilion was built to protect it from wind and rain. Such a big blue stone wall, its raw materials really do not know how huge stones. More than 600 years ago, there was no heavy construction machinery, and the ancient craftsmen had amazing wisdom.

Three steles for exempting

In March 2002, it was found in the wall of a house in the north of Xiaowei Street section of Ning hang highway outside Zhongshan Gate. The monument is made of bluestone, 2.21 meters high, 0.94 meters wide and 0.22 meters thick. The lower part of the monument is connected with the base by mortise and tenon. The front of the stele is engraved with seal script "Fengzhi Juanmian sanze stele" and cloud pattern, and the edge of the stele is carved with rolling grass pattern. Some of the inscriptions are illegible. The inscription was made in 1674, the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. The content of the inscription is that Shangyuan County, Jiangning Prefecture, was granted the exemption of taxes and silver by the Qing government due to the reduction of the number of tombs in Xiaoling. In 2007, the stele was moved to Xiamafang Ruins Park, and four corner antique stele pavilion was built to protect it.

Xiaolingwei

Located about 800 meters east of Xiamafang, it is a military site set up after the death of emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty in 1398. There was a department of experience, which was a military security organization at that time, and specialized in protecting the "Xiaoling" troops. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 5600 officers and soldiers in Yiwei, which was divided into five schools with 1120 people in each school. Nowadays, there is no place to be found, but there is a place named Xiaolingwei. In 2007, according to the literature, the scene of weidunbing camp in Xiaoling was reproduced in Xiamafang ruins park.

Horse post

In 2007, it was collected among the people. Most of them are made of bluestone, and the heads of the piles are carved with animal shaped patterns, including monkeys and lions. The pile is a cuboid with a height of about 2.5m. Shuanma stake mainly stands in the front and back of the Shinto of the emperor and noble tomb and the official house. The decorative patterns and volume of the stud carving are also the manifestation of official rank and title.

Stone horse of Ming Dynasty

The carving style is simple and realistic, with vivid images, exquisite carving skills and mellow lines. In the treatment of local lines, we pay attention to the careful carving, which shows the gorgeous artistic effect in the simplicity. Horse is the mount of the ancients and an integral part of the emperor's guard team. There are also horse positions in the ranks of stone elephant students on both sides of the mausoleum, which symbolizes the noble status and prominent status of the dead.

Xiamafang to dajinmen Shinto

Starting from Xiamafang, the Shinto of Xiaoling in Ming Dynasty passes through dajinmen, sifangcheng, Shixiang Road, wengzhong road and finally arrives at linggong, with a total length of 2.62 km. Due to the war, man-made destruction and many other reasons, except Shixiang Road, wengzhong road and other sections of Shinto are well preserved, the rest have disappeared. Build the Xiamafang Heritage Park, move the Nanjing watch factory away, and restore 1.1 km from Xiamafang to dajinmen Shinto. Shinto shop old 1.6 meters long, 1 meter wide, 10 cm thick big green board, granite on both sides, with mat pavement, is the Wen Chen military general and eunuch and other entourage.

geographical position

Address: under Mount Qomolangma, Dulong Fuwan, south foot of Zijin Mountain (Zhongshan), eastern suburb of Nanjing

Longitude: 118.8367855835

Latitude: 32.057594083282

Chinese PinYin : Xia Ma Fang