The source of the Yellow River

The source of the Yellow River lies in the hinterland of Qinghai. The first is Zhaqu, the second is Lequ, and the third is karizu. Zhaqu dries up most of the year, and karizu is the longest, starting with five springs. The drainage area is also the largest, and it does not dry up in the dry season. Nazhazha River, the longest tributary of karizu, is the main source of the Yellow River.

The source of the Yellow River

The source of the Yellow River lies in the hinterland of Qinghai. The first is Zhaqu, the second is Lequ, and the third is karizu. Zhaqu dries up most of the year, and karizu is the main source of the Yellow River because it starts with five springs and has the largest drainage area. There is only one spring in yeguzongliequ. It is an oval basin 40 kilometers long from east to west and 60 kilometers wide from north to south. There are more than 100 small pools of water in it. It looks like stars and pearls.

Historical origin

According to ancient records, the Yellow River was called Zhuo River in ancient times, also known as China river. According to legend, as early as Yao and Shun, the Yellow River was a famous river. In the famous ancient book Shangshu Yugong of our country, there was a record of Xiayu's "Daohe Jishi". This is the earliest record of the Yellow River in Chinese history.

It was after the Tang Dynasty that the Chinese people clearly understood the Yellow River and its source. Since the Tang Dynasty, the connection between the Central Plains people and the frontier ethnic minorities has been greatly strengthened, especially the contacts between Tubo people living on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau have become increasingly frequent, and the source of the Yellow River is an important traffic route to the Tibetan Plateau in ancient times. According to records, during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, generals Li Jing, Hou Junji, Li daozong and others once "visited the Sichuan, Dabai sea, Jishishan and Heyuan". "In the 15th year of Zhenguan, Princess Wencheng married to Tibet, and Songzanganbu, king of Tuban, welcomed her in Heyuan.". In 821 ad, Liu Yuanding, an envoy of the Tang Dynasty, was sent to Tubo, where he also inspected the source of the Yellow River. So far, people have a good understanding of the source of the Yellow River. In the Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the central imperial dynasty sent special envoys to explore the source of the Yellow River many times. In 1280 ad, the Yuan Dynasty envoy Dushi was ordered to investigate the source of the river. He found that the source of the river was in "the west of duogansi" and "there were more than 100 springs, or springs or springs, and the water was as lax as lax, so that it could be 70 or 80 Li. He was drowned in the mud and could not be seen by people. The Buddha could look down on the mountain and could be as bright as a star". The Xingxiu sea was identified as the source of the Yellow River. In the Qing Dynasty, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were flooded many times and suffered frequent disasters. In the Qing Dynasty, special envoys Laxi and AMI were sent to reach the source of the Yellow River and the source of the poor River to pray to the God of the river. Laxi walked up from Xingxiu sea for two days, and found that there are three mountains above Xingxiu sea. The springs of the three mountains flow out of three rivers, and the three rivers flow into Zhaling Lake in the East. The understanding of the source of the Yellow River has gone a step further. In the 47th year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Amida was ordered to go to Heyuan to offer sacrifices to the God of the river. Amidarsi is more than 300 miles away from Xingxiu sea. Through field investigation of three rivers, it is found that the alarstangule River (today's kariqu) located in the southwest of Xingxiu sea is the upper source of the Yellow River. This is the first time in Chinese history to find out the true source of the Yellow River.

After the founding of new China, in order to thoroughly harness the Yellow River, transform the Yellow River and benefit the people, the state has spent a lot of efforts on a more comprehensive exploration of the Yellow River. In 1978, when the state again organized relevant units to conduct a more detailed investigation, it once again affirmed that karizu was the main source of the Yellow River.

source

The Yellow River originates from the kariqu Valley and the yeguzonglie basin at the foot of gezigeya mountain at the northern foot of Bayan Har mountain, and it has two sources: North and south. The altitude of the two places ranges from 4600 meters to more than 4800 meters.

Karizu, originally in Tibetan, means the bronze river. It is located at the foot of gezigeya mountain at the north foot of Bayan Har mountain, with an altitude of 4830 meters. Its source is five Koizumis flowing out of the gully on the hillside. The original river course was only a gurgling stream about 1 meter wide and less than 1 meter deep. The stream flows from southwest to northeast from the flat and narrow karizqu valley. Along the way, it receives many tributaries, large and small, and gradually converges into a small river with a width of more than 10 meters and a depth of more than 1 meter. There are countless "Haizi" of different sizes and shapes on both sides of the river. The river passes through more than 100 kilometers of gorge and joins with the youguzonglie at bayanhe mountain to flow into the Maqu river.

About ancient zonglie, originally Tibetan, means "fried barley pot.". This is an image name of the local Tibetan people according to the terrain here. It is an oval basin 40 km long from east to west and 60 km wide from north to south, surrounded by mountains. There are more than 100 small water pools in the basin. From a distance, it looks like countless shining pearls embedded in the basin. Around the water park is a natural pasture with green grass. In the southwest of the basin, about 30 kilometers away from yaradaze mountain, there is a small spring with an area of 3-4 square meters. The clear spring water keeps gushing, rolling and gurgling. The gushing spring converges with numerous trickles in the basin and gradually forms a gurgling stream about 10 meters wide and half meters deep. The first channel of the source of the Yellow River, Maqu, was formed after the confluence of the two rivers. Maqu, the local Tibetan people called Kongque River. In this section of the river, the river is wide, the water is shallow, and the flow velocity is slow, thus forming a large marsh grass beach and many water berths. Looking from a high altitude, I can see countless pools of water shining in the sun, just like a peacock. Maqu flows eastward through a 16 kilometer long valley into the famous Xingxiu sea.

Xingxiu sea, historically used to represent the whole source area of the Yellow River, is actually the first gas station after the Yellow River left Shandong. This "sea" is a basin-shaped wetland, about 30 kilometers long from east to west, and a short distance from north to south, only a few kilometers to more than ten kilometers. It is not that there is water everywhere in the "sea", but that there is water gathered in relatively low-lying places in the basin, with many large and small puddles and reservoirs. It is not too much to compare them with stars in the sky. In addition, Zhaling lake and Eling Lake, which are not far from it in the East, are the two largest lakes in the Heyuan area.

Source dispute

In 1952, the national scientific research team thought that yueguzong liequ was the main source of the Yellow River; the length of yueguzong liequ was 326.09 kilometers, the drainage area was 2372 square kilometers, the width was 1.5 meters, the depth was 0.2 meters, and the flow rate was 2.5 cubic meters per second. Karizu is 362.63 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 3126 square kilometers, a width of 3 meters, a depth of 0.5 meters, and a flow of 6.3 cubic meters per second. In the summer of 1978, the state organized an investigation team to investigate the Heyuan area. It was found out that in the west of Heyuan area, there were three rivers flowing into Xingxiu sea. They were Zhaqu, yueguzongliequ and kariqu. The process of Zhaqu is the shortest and the amount of water is small, so it can only be regarded as a tributary of Lequ. Compared with kariqu, kariqu is nearly 30 kilometers longer, with 700 square kilometers more drainage area and more than two times more water. Therefore, the basis for determining karizqu as the main source of the Yellow River is sufficient. Karizu originates from gezigeya mountain at the northern foot of Bayankala mountain. The elevation of gezigeya mountain is 4800 meters. The water overflowing from several springs at the foot of the mountain is the original flow of the Yellow River "roaring thousands of miles to touch Longmen".

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