Chongming Academy

--One of the only three relatively complete Confucius temples in Shanghai today is a place dedicated to offering sacrifices to Confucius in ancient times and a local government-run University.

--The existing Chongming academy is an ancient building complex of Ming Dynasty, with lingxingmen, panchi, Jimen, chongshengci, etc.

--It is also the site of Chongming Museum. There are two exhibition areas of "Chongming Island history and ancient boats" and "Chongming folk custom", with rich exhibits.

--Chongming academy is not big and there are not many visitors. It's good to have a look here and feel the historical and cultural atmosphere.

Chongming Museum

synonym

Chongming academy generally refers to Chongming Museum

Chongming County Museum is a county-level comprehensive museum, which was founded in July 1959. After renovation, the new museum was opened to the public on December 8, 1999. The museum is located in Chongming academy, a cultural relic protection unit in Shanghai, covering an area of 23.21 mu.

The exhibition hall of Chongming District Museum covers a total area of more than 2000 square meters. The exhibition hall of "history of Chongming Island and ancient boats" is arranged in Dacheng hall and East and West verandas of Xuegong. It consists of a preface hall and six units. It uses cultural relics, models, sculptures, sand tables, scenery boxes, pictures and multimedia to truly reflect the formation of Chongming Island and its political, economic, traffic, water conservancy, cultural and other development and development Construction achievements.

Chongming District Museum has a collection of more than 2000 pieces, including more than 10 categories of ceramics, calligraphy and painting, jade, furniture, etc., 2 pieces of first-class cultural relics and 15 pieces of second-class cultural relics.

architectural composition

There are many Ming and Qing architectural complexes in Xuegong, such as Dongxi memorial archway, Lingxing gate, panchi, Dengyun bridge, Dongxi official hall, Jimen, Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple, Zhongyi Xiaoti temple, Dacheng hall, Dongxi two verandas, Zunjing Pavilion, Chongsheng temple, Minglun hall, Yimen, etc.

Chongming school is one of the only three schools in Shanghai. The current site, also known as Chongming Museum, is a municipal cultural relics protection unit.

Just two or three hundred meters away from Chongming South Gate Pier, you can see the ancient buildings of the Academy. The two stone column archways are simple and steady, with the words "virtue matches heaven and earth, and the road crown is ancient and modern". In front of the gate are two Ginkgo trees with a history of 350 years, which are embraced by three people. A pair of big stone lions are guarding the gate, which is magnificent. The biggest building of the academy is Dacheng hall, which is like the main hall in the temple. This is the place where Confucius was sacrificed. The East and the West are the dormitories of 72 senior disciples. Today, Dacheng hall is temporarily used as an exhibition room for ancient ships. The East veranda of Dacheng hall is mainly composed of photos and deeds of Chongming celebrities, as well as some ancient artifacts unearthed from Chongming. Xiwu is huangpimo Art Museum. The two buildings behind Dacheng hall are Chongming Folk Museum.

There are also Wanren palace wall, Lingxing gate, Dengyun bridge, halberd gate, Minghuan temple, Chongsheng temple, Zunjing Pavilion, etc., which are well preserved buildings of Ming Dynasty in Shanghai. Five ginkgo trees about 18 meters high in front of the gate are 377 years old. They echo each other with two shimupai square with peculiar structure and magnificent scenery, creating a strong ancient sense and giving people a feeling of "remembering the leisurely world" The feeling of desolation. There are three exhibitions in the museum, namely "the formation and development of Chongming Island", "cultural relics in collection" and "natural museum", which systematically introduce the long history and cultural heritage of Chongming. The most distinctive places in the school are the ancient ship exhibition room and Chongming folk custom exhibition hall.

Memorial archway

Located in front of the gate of Lingxing, it is the first building of Chongming Academy. It was built in 1684 by zhuyidian, the county magistrate. Beside it, there are two ancient ginkgo trees about 380 years old. The archway is three Zhang high, with two layers of double eaves and twelve corners. The corner rises upward and can be hung with wind chimes. The upper layer is of brick and wood structure, and the lower layer bears stone columns. The columns are 1.6 meters wide from east to west, 4.4 meters long from north to south, and the distance between the two archways is 33 meters. The plaque on the left is named "Xuehai" and "Tengjiao", and the plaque on the right is named "Chaozong" and "Qifeng". In 1742, the county magistrate Xu Weimei was rebuilt. On the left, there was a plaque of "depeitiandi" and on the right, there was a plaque of "Daoguan ancient and modern". In the 27th year of Qianlong reign, the 7th year of Daoguang reign and the 8th year of Tongzhi reign, they were repaired successively. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, the name of the plaque was changed again, with "Li men" on the left and "Yi Lu" on the right; at the beginning of the Republic of China, it was changed to "struggle square" and "peace square"; in 1960, it was renamed again, with "never tired of learning" on the left and "never tired of teaching" on the right; in 1988, the plaque was re titled "virtue matches heaven and earth, and the road is ancient and modern". In 1998, a granite corridor was laid between the two houses, and the inscription on the plaque of the memorial archway was added: "Xuehai" and "depeitiandi" on the left, and "Chaozong" and "Daoguan" on the right. "Daoguan ancient and modern" means that Confucius' theory and thought are perfect and the highest in ancient and modern times; "virtue matches heaven and earth" means that Confucius' morality is as great as heaven and earth.

Lattice star gate

The first gate of Confucius Temple, also the main gate of Chongming academy, was built in 1624. According to legend, there is tianzhenxing, or Lingxing, in the sky. It is the Wenxing in charge of the selection of literati. The first gate of Confucius Temple is named after this, which means that Confucius is a literary star. In addition, according to the "Dragon Fish River map" records: "Heaven Zhenxing, its essence for the spirit of the star." The extended meaning is that when the ancient scholars entered this gate, they were like fish turning into dragons, which symbolized the celebration of the feudal rulers. Lattice star is also known as "Tiantian star". In ancient times, the emperor worshipped the sky first. The main gate of the school is the Lingxing gate, which means to respect Confucius as heaven. It shows the supreme position of Confucius in people's mind from ancient times to the present. The stone frame of Lingxing gate is high, with cloud head pattern carved on it. The middle gate is 3.35 meters wide and 3.6 meters high, and two relatively low doors are set on both sides, 2.3 meters wide and 3.2 meters high. In the 15th year of emperor Shunzhi, the 3rd year of Emperor Kangxi, the 14th year of Emperor Qianlong, the 25th year of Emperor Qianlong and the 8th year of emperor Tongzhi, the buildings were repaired several times. There is a pair of male and female stone lions in front of Lingxing gate, with curly hair, giant eyes, grinning teeth and crouching back legs. They are majestic, granite, and even seated. They are 2.25 meters high, 0.9 meters long and 0.6 meters wide. They were originally located in front of the county yamen in the Qing Dynasty and moved to the Xuegong gate after the cultural revolution. In 1998, the Shanghai Municipal Administration of cultural relics allocated funds for repair and laid a granite corridor in front of Lingxing gate.

Panchi Dengyun Bridge

It was built in the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. It was repaired in Qianlong, Daoguang and Tongzhi periods. In 1998, the Shanghai Municipal Administration of cultural relics appropriated funds for renovation. The pool railing, bridge steps and railings were all replaced with granite from reinforced concrete. There are two versions of the name "panchi" in history. One is: the pool in front of the emperor's palace in the Zhou Dynasty is round, and the vassals can only use half of it to show the difference, so it is called "Pan pool". The other is: the study of the emperor is called "Biyong", the study of the princes is called "Pangong"; Biyong is surrounded by water, and the water of Pangong is only half, so it is called "panchi". In addition, in ancient times, under the leadership of local officials, all new students had to enter the Confucius Temple from the Lingxing gate, climb the bridge, cross the panchi, enter the Dacheng hall to worship their teacher Confucius, and then go to the Confucianism department to meet the instructor. This entrance ceremony is called "entering panchi". Panchi is a half moon shaped pond with stone masonry and stone railings on it. The pond is 2.1 meters deep, 6.16 meters wide from north to South and 11.6 meters long from east to west. There is a single hole arched stone bridge on the pond, which spans the pan pond. It is called "Dengyun bridge", implying that reading can ascend the clouds and make a great progress. The bridge is a South-North granite stone, 10.1 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 3.1 meters high. The inscription "Dengyun bridge" is engraved on the top of the arch ring, and the animal pattern is engraved on the dividing stones on both sides of the bridge. The surface of the bridge is square, with the pattern of sun engraved wheel. The four corners of the bridge are carved with exquisite and lively stone lions, which are lifelike. There are 12 steps at the north and south ends, which are convenient for walking.

Guanting

Located around panchi, it is divided into two parts: the eastern official hall and the Western official hall. It is a place for officials to rest in ancient times. According to the picture of Chongming academy by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, the east side is called "Li men", and the west side is called "Yi Lu". In the picture of Chongming academy by Guangxu, it was changed to its current name, namely, dongguanting and xiguanting. The East Hall is 6.5 meters wide from east to west, 10.1 meters long from north to South and 6.5 meters high; the West Hall is 7.4 meters wide from east to west, 10.2 meters long from north to South and 6.5 meters high. In 1998, the Shanghai Municipal Administration of cultural relics allocated funds for repair, and now it is the office area of Chongming County Museum.

jimen

The second gate of Chongming academy is located in the north of panchi, also known as Dacheng gate. "Dacheng" got its name from Mencius. Confucius called it jidacheng. Once the ancient music was changed into a whole, nine changes ended in music. When it was finished, it was called "Dacheng". Later, it extended to "jidacheng", which was a complete system formed by the previous ideas and theories. The halberd gate was built in the early Qing Dynasty. According to the records of the stele of rebuilding Chongming Academy in 1695, the county magistrate Xie Ming once rebuilt the halberd gate. According to the picture of Chongming academy by Kangxi, the halberd gate has five couplets, three of which are high in the inner beam, and two on the left and right are slightly low. In 1986, Jimen was put under the management and use of Chongming County Museum, and was opened as an exhibition hall. In 1998, the Shanghai Municipal Administration of cultural relics allocated funds to restore the original appearance. The halberd gate is 17.5 meters long from east to west, 6.6 meters wide from north to South and 8 meters high. Two Podocarpus luohansong trees were moved here in 1972, about 90 years old.

The ancestral hall of famous officials

They are respectively located on the East and west sides of the halberd gate, with the halberd gate as the center, symmetrically left and right, three Ying in each, and open in the middle

Chinese PinYin : Chong Ming Xue Gong