The ancient city of Ying State

The ancient city of Ying State

The ancient city of Ying state is commonly known as Jiwang city

It is located around jiwangcheng village, Yishan Town, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province. It is located at the south foot of Yishan mountain. The plane is slightly rectangular, covering an area of about 6.32 square kilometers.

The ancient city of Ying state was built in the spring and Autumn period. It was governed by Zouxian county from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the two Jin Dynasties. It was abandoned after the Northern Qi Dynasty and lasted for more than 1100 years.

In the ancient city of Ying State, there are Ying State palace area, noble cemetery and handicraft workshop area,

There are thousands of pottery inscriptions of the Eastern Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties,

Among them, the rare piece of pottery with Qin imperial edict unearthed in 1964 has been displayed in the general history exhibition room of Beijing Museum of Chinese history.

The ancient city of Ying state is one of the well preserved capitals of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China. There are many cultural relics unearthed in the city, most of them with characters, which have important archaeological research and historical value.

In May 2006, the ancient city of Ying state was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

In 614 BC, Ying Wengong, the king of Ying State, moved his capital from Zou in the southeast of Qufu to the ancient city of Ying State. Until the late Warring States period, Ying state was destroyed by Chu state. It has a history of nearly 400 years.

After the fall of the state of Ying, the old city was still the political, economic and cultural center at that time.

After the Qin Dynasty, Zou County was set up here, belonging to Xue county. Later, after the Han, Jin, Liu Song and Northern Wei dynasties, until the seventh year of Tianbao, Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty (556 AD), Zou County was moved to Tieshan, and the ancient city of Ying was gradually reduced to ruins.

Site features

Geographical features

The ancient city of Ying is located in the hilly area in the middle of Zou County, with Yishan in the north and koushan in the south. Yishan about 10 kilometers around, rock towering, almost no soil, mountain caves, some interlinked. The main peak is Wuhua peak, 555 meters above sea level. The five peaks of Mt. kuoshan are continuous, with the highest peak in the East, estimated to be about 200 meters. In the East, there is gaomushan, commonly known as "sage foot", which is estimated to be about 50 meters high. The distance between the two mountains is about 2.5km. Generally speaking, the terrain of the northern part of the ancient city is slightly higher than that of the southern part.

The Jinshui River in the ancient city of the state of Yi crosses obliquely. Its water originates from the Yang of Mount Yi, flows southwest after leaving the city, and flows to Shiqiang River, a tributary of Baima River, at Dagu County village.

Urban system layout

The ancient city of the state of Ying is approximately rectangular in shape. Its perimeter is more than 9200 meters, its east-west length is about 2530 meters, and its South-North width is about 2500 meters. The total length of the remaining wall is 7200 meters.

In the ancient city of Ying State, the terrain is uneven and the ravines crisscross.

To the north of the central part of the city, there is a highland about 500 meters long from east to west and 250 meters wide from north to south. The local people call it "Huangtai", which should be the palace area at that time. In the southwest of the old city, many pottery kiln sites, pottery tools and a large number of pottery artifacts were found, which may be the pottery handicraft center at that time. In the northeast corner of the old city, the terrain is very high and low, and most of them are loess cliffs There are many earthen graves in the cloth.

Wall structure

The walls of the ancient city of the state of Ying are made of earth and stone, with hard rammed layers and distinct layers,

The remnant height of the city wall is generally 3-4 meters, and the highest part is about 7 meters. The base of the wall is 20-30 meters wide, the ramming layer is solid, the layers are clear, the thickness is 8-12 cm, the ramming pits are evenly distributed, and the diameter is 4-6 cm. The wall in the south of the city is built along the top of the mountain, in the shape of slope or step. The upper part is rammed with soil, and the lower part is stone wall foundation. The residual height of the wall is 1-2m, and the width of the wall foundation is 3-4m. There is no obvious ramming layer.

Cultural relics

Cultural relics workers have carried out cultural relics investigation, archaeological excavation and industrial and agricultural production of local villagers in the old city, and successively unearthed and discovered a number of unique cultural relics, with a number of more than 400 pieces. From the spring and Autumn period to the Han Dynasty, the types include bronze ritual, bronze weapons, pottery, iron, seals and so on.

There are plates, tripods, beans, pots, boats, and kitchens in bronze ritual vessels; swords, swords, spears, halberds, arrows, and crossbows in bronze weapons; hoes, plows, chisels, shovels, etc. in iron vessels; pottery pots, pots, beans, pots, and urns. There are also important cultural relics, such as the quantity of pottery in the imperial edict of the Qin Dynasty and the pottery from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Among them, there are more than 3000 pieces of pottery inscriptions, some of which are engraved on the edge of the pot, the mouth of the pot and the outside of the shoulder, and some on the middle of the bean handle and the base.

From March to July 2017, an archaeological team composed of the Institute of cultural heritage of Shandong University and the Department of Archaeology of the College of history and culture excavated the "Huangtai" in the palace area. The unearthed relics include more than 270 ash pits, 10 ditches, 4 wells, and houses and kilns. A large number of relics have been unearthed, including pottery such as cudgel, bowl, bean, pot, basin, tile, tile, brick, etc., bronze 8 pieces of Xinmang, coins, seals, etc. Most of the remains belong to the spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period and the Han Dynasty, and a small number of remains from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Cultural relic value

Research value

The quantity of pottery with the difference of inscription and size found in the ancient city of Ying State may be the official quantity of pottery in the Warring States period, which provides important material materials for the study of the quantity system in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

All kinds of pottery inscriptions are of great significance in the study of the development history of ancient Chinese characters and Ying State.

The eight new mang bronzes unearthed in the ancient city of Ying state are the first scientific excavation, and are also the weighing instruments of Han Dynasty with the largest number and types unearthed at one time.

These bronzes are well made and well preserved, with a large number of inscriptions, revealing rich and important historical information. Although there are only seven characters in the edition, it lists the five kinds of currency and their value differences issued by the government, which is also in line with the relevant records of Hanshu, and is also an official tool issued by the new mang Dynasty. This provides valuable material materials for the study of the important historical events such as Wang Mang's replacement of Han Dynasty and the reform of currency and weights and measures system in the late Western Han Dynasty, as well as the development history of weights and measures in China. In addition, these bronzes came from the palace area "Huangtai" of the ancient city site of Ying State, which proves that the scope of "Huangtai" should exist in the official office area of Han Dynasty, which is of great significance to the study of the urban layout and function of the site.

Cultural value

The ancient city of Ying state is one of the well preserved ancient cities of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Its architectural form has the characteristics of strategic defense, which provides material materials for the study of the architectural history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The city has a long history, splendid culture, large area, long duration and rich unearthed cultural relics. It plays an important role in the study of ancient history in Shandong Province, and also has important value for the study of the history of ancient Chinese social development.

protective measures

In 1977, the site of the ancient city of Ying state was announced as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Shandong Province

.

Since 2011,

The protection and utilization project of the ancient city of Ying State has received strong support from the state, provincial, municipal and other departments at all levels, and has been included in the list of national large site protection projects in Qufu area. At the same time, 84.08 million yuan of special subsidy has been allocated for the construction of various sub projects, such as city wall protection, archaeological excavation, environmental remediation, exhibition planning and so on.

In 2013, the ancient city of Ying was included in the national heritage protection planning project by the State Administration of cultural relics.

As of July 2018, the protection project for the west wall of Yingguo's old city has officially started.

History and culture

The Three Kingdoms of Yingfen

The state of Ying is a Viscount state, one of the famous ancient oriental countries in the Zhou Dynasty. When Yan, the father of Gongyi in the state of Ying Wu, made great contributions to the Zhou Dynasty, the royal family of Zhou granted his son and friend his father in the state of Ying, which is called Xiaoying in history. In the reign of King Xuan of Zhou, Yi Fu Yan was killed for some reason. King Xuan ordered Yi Fu Yan's brother Shu, his mother, to be the king of Ying. In 782 B.C., Xia Fu, the son of Yan, the Yi father, moved to LAN (now Southeast of Tengzhou, Shandong Province) and established the kingdom of LAN. So far, Ying was divided into Ying, Xiaoying and languo, which is what historians call "Ying divided into Three Kingdoms".

Yingzi Buqian

Ying is also known as Zou, also known as yinglou. It is said that Cao Jia, a descendant of Zhuanxu in ancient times, established an ancient country in today's Shandong Province, including Fei, Zou, Teng, Jining and Jinxiang. The capital is in Ying, which is Zou village in the southeast of Qufu. In 614 B.C., Duke Wen of Lu moved to Yi (Yi). Although the diviners said that it was "good for the people but not good for the king", he moved the capital to the sun of Mount Yi. Therefore, Yishan has the name of Yi (Zou). The ancient city of Ying state was built in the south of the mountain. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Ying county was set up here, and it was changed into Zou County after the Jin Dynasty.

Tourism information

Location: jiwangcheng village, Yishan Town, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province

Traffic information:

transit

At Zoucheng railway station, take Zoucheng 229 road to Wuzhong station, then transfer to Zoucheng 206 road to jinzhangzhuang station, and walk 80 meters to the ancient city of Yingguo.

At Zoucheng bus station, take Zoucheng No.10 to experimental middle school station, then transfer to Zoucheng No.206 to jinzhangzhuang station, and walk 80 meters to Yingguo old city.

Self driving

Zoucheng City -- Yishan South Road -- Jingfu line -- Linhe road -- the ancient city of Yiguo

Jining City -- Jizou road -- nanguanji bridge -- S342 -- s345 -- south 2nd Ring Road -- Linhe road -- Yingguo ancient city

Address: jiwangcheng village, Yishan Town, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province

Longitude: 117.0234

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Guo Gu Cheng