Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan

Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan is located in Kengkou (Longchuan) village, Yingzhou Township, Jixi County. Jixi ancient Huizhou, the style of writing, ancestral buildings throughout. The ancestral hall of Hu family in Longchuan was built in the 25th year of Jiaqing (1547) and rebuilt in the 4th year of qingguangxu (1898). The ancestral hall faces south from the north. It covers an area of 1271 square meters with three entrances. It is surrounded by mountains and water. The temple is exquisitely decorated, especially the well preserved wood carvings, known as the "treasure house of Huizhou woodcarving art". Longchuan, the hometown of Hu Jintao, was listed as the national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988. Experts praised it as a unique ancient temple in China. Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan is located in Jixi, the birthplace of ancient Huizhou. It is the ancestral hall of Hu Fu, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs in the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zongxian, the Minister of the Ministry of military affairs, and Hu Guangyong, the merchant of Hongding in the Qing Dynasty. Besides, Jixi is also the hometown of President Hu Jintao.

Hu's ancestral hall

synonym

Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan generally refers to Hu's ancestral hall (national key cultural relics protection unit)

Hu's ancestral hall is located in Dakengkou village, Yingzhou Township, Jixi County, Anhui Province. Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan is a family ancestral hall building built in the middle of Ming Dynasty, which belongs to the place where Hu's family worships their ancestors and discusses family affairs. Hu's Ci was built in 1547, the 25th year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty. The decoration of the temple is mainly made of various kinds of wood carvings, known as "wood carving art museum" and "National Art Palace". Longchuan is also the ancestral home of former President Hu Jintao.

On January 13, 1988, it was approved as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan was built in Song Dynasty. Ancestral temple is the family emblem of a family. Huizhou people's root seeking culture is very rich. When they talk with people of the same surname, the common saying of Huizhou people is "all belong to one ancestral temple". It can be seen that ancestral temple plays a symbolic role in the journey of root seeking.

In the 25th year of Jiajing period (1547), Hu Zongxian, the Minister of the Ministry of Li people's armed forces, advocated donation for expansion. Hanging on the front of the main hall of the ancestral hall, there are two characters "ancestral hall", the first is "Jiajing Dingwei year (1547)" and the second is "Guangze King book".

In 1878, it was rebuilt.

In 1898, it was rebuilt again. At present, the main body of the building still maintains the architectural art style of Hui school in Ming Dynasty, while the interior decoration is mainly in the style of Qing Dynasty.

Architectural features

overview

Architecture Overview

The ancestral hall of Hu family in Longchuan is located in the north and faces south. It covers an area of 1564 square meters with a construction area of 1146 square meters. The ratio of length to width is 2:1. The square in front of the temple, the pillar, the fence, the flag base stone and the terrace are all granite. To the south, Zhaobi across the Longchuan River, left and right Qingshiban bridge.

architectural composition

Three into seven. The front gate tower is of Xieshan style with double eaves, 8 berms, 5 steps and a width of 22 meters. The gate is 2.3 meters high and 3.4 meters wide. In front of the gate, the stone drum and the stone lion confront each other. There are 10 square stone columns, 5 moon beams and 4 beams in the front and back of the gate. The courtyard behind the gate tower is 13.77m deep and 13.10m wide. There are 12 square stone pillars and 24 moon beams in each corridor. The main hall is 17.47 meters deep, 22.16 meters wide and 9.3 meters high. 14 Ginkgo biloba columns with a girth of 1.66 meters and 12 wax gourd beams constitute the roof truss. The column is supported by a lotus shaped jujube column and an octagonal stone column. There are 12 3.68m-high floor partition doors in the East and west respectively. In the first place, there were 24 fans, but now half of them exist. After entering the hall, there are two floors above and below. In front of the hall, there is a long and narrow patio. The two corridors are 2.65 meters high, and there are 24 floor partition doors. On the gate tower, there was a plaque written by Wen Zhengming of the Ming Dynasty on the "ancestral hall of Hu family in Longchuan". In front of the main hall, there was a plaque with the words "ancestral hall", which was signed as "Guangze king in the last year of Jiajing Ding" (uncle of Jiajing emperor). Two pairs of wooden couplets were originally hung in front of the main hall.

style of art

Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan makes the best use of the characteristics of wood structure. It is not aimed at a single independent individual building, but is characterized by a large-scale space, flat spread, interconnected and coordinated group building. What it attaches importance to is the organic arrangement of the overall plane between the various buildings. " It embodies the practical spirit with national characteristics. The ancestral hall is built on a 1-meter-high platform, with three entrances in front and back. It is composed of a screen wall, a gatehouse, a veranda, a main hall, a wing room, a dormitory and a special memorial hall. It covers an area of 1700 square meters. The length of Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan is twice the width. It shows a serious, square and orderly rational spirit. Although its spatial layout is rigorous and balanced, it is flexible and comfortable. The Zhao wall of the ancestral hall is 25 meters away from the gate tower, and the Longchuan River flows eastward between the Zhao wall and the gate tower. This kind of space concept, which not only obeys the natural environment but also skillfully makes use of the natural environment, constitutes a loose, harmonious, comfortable and balanced aesthetic feeling of the overall space of Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan. The space concept of Hu's ancestral hall is the design principle of the plane layout of all types of Hui style buildings, which is consistent with "the scenery follows the shape" in Yuanzhi Xiangdi. The ingenious combination of the ancestral hall's gatehouse, veranda, patio, main hall, wing room, bedroom and special memorial hall not only enlarges the space of the whole building, but also makes each independent building connect with each other and become an inseparable whole.

Cultural relics

Architecture

technology

Research value

Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan stands in the forest of ancient Chinese architecture with the charm of Hui style architecture. Its rich cultural connotation of architecture is typical of Ming Dynasty style, and after repair, it was last rebuilt in the 24th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty, which still maintains the style of Ming Dynasty Huizhou carving art. The ancestral hall has rough lines and simple style, which is a precious heritage of Hui Style ancient architectural art integrating brick, wood and stone carving.

protective measures

Renovation of ancestral hall

At the end of 2014, Jixi County replaced the damaged tiles on the roof of the ancestral hall of Hu family in Longchuan, replaced, repaired and maintained some decayed building wood members, eliminated the rain leakage points, laid lightning protection devices, and conducted a comprehensive "physical" examination of the whole ancestral hall. In order to ensure the personal safety of tourists during the construction period, measures such as limiting the tour area, adjusting the tour route and adding safety warning signs are taken. The maintenance work was completed in May 2015.

Ancestral temple protection

In October 1982, it was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit at the county level.

In July 1986, it was upgraded to a key cultural relics protection unit at the provincial level.

From November 1987 to September 12 of the following year, the State Administration of cultural relics allocated 95000 yuan for renovation.

In 1988, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

History and culture

Ancestral hall culture

Ancestral temple culture has its own characteristics and special functions. It is the masterpiece of ancient folk architecture experts and the crystallization of the wisdom of skillful craftsmen. Some ancestral temples have the function of "harmony between man and nature" and the harmonious unity of humanity and ecology.

From the perspective of connotation and function, through the mechanism of commemorating ancestors and promoting their virtues, Jixi ancient ancestral temple has become a school of uniting, educating and cultivating people in ancient and modern rural society, and an organizer of promoting the construction of public welfare in village society. One is to know the root and the source, and to unite the family. The second is to guide the cultivation of morality and correct people and themselves. The outstanding feature of Jixi ancient ancestral temple culture is that many of the "clan rules" and "family precepts" in ancestral temple and genealogy are the cultivation of social morality, family morality, political morality, business morality and so on. It advocates filial piety, honesty, faith and tolerance. It can be said that the ancestral temple is an important place to carry out moral education in ancient times. From the moral content advocated, many things are still worthy of inheriting and carrying forward the traditional Chinese virtues, which are not contrary to the socialist spiritual civilization. The third is to cultivate talents, and to show honor to the ancestors. In ancient times, there were two kinds of "duos" in Jixi: more officials and more peddlers. This should be attributed to the role of ancient ancestral temple culture. When worshiping the ancestors, besides the elders, those who enter the ancestral hall need to have a reputation. They should obviously encourage reading, talent and fame, so as to honor their ancestors. In this way, there are a lot of talents. Hu's ancestral hall in Longchuan is a typical example. There are 20 Jinshi and Juren in Longchuan village.

Hu Culture

The Hu family in Longchuan, Jixi, moved here from the Central Plains aristocratic families in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, influenced by Hui culture, the family advocated Confucianism, attached importance to education, accompanied by farming and reading, and developed Confucianism at the same time. In the Ming Dynasty alone, there were more than 10 Jinshi in the family, known as "Jinshi village". Among them are Hu Fu, who was a Jinshi in the Ming Dynasty (1478) and a minister of military affairs in Nanjing, and Hu Zongxian, who was a Jinshi in the Ming Dynasty (1538). The Hu family in Longchuan has made great achievements in the fields of medicine and commerce.

Legend of Longchuan

Longchuan is the ancient name of Kengkou village. In front of the village, there is Longxu mountain. In the village, there is a stream (called Sichuan) passing through the village, which was called Longchuan in ancient times. Later generations believed that the outlet of the stream (also known as pit) flowed into the dengyuan River, and the Dragon could flow the stream, so it was changed to pit mouth. This legend

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