Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve

Located in Guichi and Dongzhi counties (cities) of Anhui Province, it covers an area of 33333 hectares. It was established with the approval of Anhui Provincial People's Government in 1986 and promoted to national level in 1997. The main protected objects are rare wintering birds such as white headed crane and wetland ecosystem. Shengjin Lake is a shallow lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is rarely polluted. Shengjin Lake is the main body of the reserve, which is composed of changshengjin lake and the surrounding beaches. There are abundant aquatic biological resources in the reserve, including 84 species of aquatic vascular plants in 38 families, 22 species of phytoplankton, 13 species of zooplankton, 23 species of benthos, 21 species of reptiles and 62 species of fish. Abundant biological resources provide sufficient food for birds, making the reserve an important wintering place and migration stop for large waterfowls in eastern China, and also one of the main wintering places for rare birds such as white headed crane and Oriental White Stork in China. According to the survey, there are 142 species of birds in this area, including 66 species of wintering migratory birds. There are 5 species of birds under the first level national protection, such as white headed crane, white crane and black stork, and 16 species under the second level national protection, such as white naped crane and little swan. Shengjinhu Nature Reserve has been listed as one of China's 40 conservation areas with international significance by Huijie nature foundation of the former Ministry of forestry, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.

Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province

synonym

Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve generally refers to Anhui Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve (international important wetland and National Nature Reserve)

Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve is located at the junction of Dongzhi County and Guichi District in Chizhou City, Anhui Province. The total area is 33340 hectares. It is a wetland type nature reserve with the protection of freshwater lake wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered birds as the main body. The nature reserve is one of the main wintering places for cranes in China and the natural wintering place for white headed cranes with the largest population in the world. Therefore, Shengjin Lake is also known as "China Crane Lake".

On December 25, 2015, Shengjinhu was included in the list of international important wetlands, which is the first nature reserve in Anhui Province to win the international title.

Historical evolution

In 1980, the wintering population of white headed crane was first found here. The following year, the Chinese government and the Japanese government signed an agreement on the protection of migratory birds and their habitats.

In 1983, Professor Wang Qishan, a Chinese Wetland ornithologist, introduced Shengjin Lake to the world for the first time at the International Crane symposium held in India.

In 1986, the Anhui provincial government approved the establishment of Shengjinhu waterfowl nature reserve, with 10 people in public institutions and district level. 13000 hm2 of the lake is the core area, and 2.5 km along the coast is the buffer area.

In March 1986, Shengjinhu waterfowl Nature Reserve was officially established by the former anqing administrative office.

In 1992, the former Ministry of forestry and the World Wildlife Fund listed Shengjinhu as one of 40 nature reserves with international significance in China.

In 1995, Shengjinhu nature reserve joined the network of Chinese man and biosphere nature reserves.

In 1997, the State Council approved the establishment of "Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve in Anhui Province" in the notice on Issuing the list of Luyashan and other national nature reserves (Guo Han No. 109).

In 2000, the office of Anhui provincial organization committee approved the establishment of Anhui Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve Management Office as a vice department level public institution under the leadership of Chizhou regional administrative office, according to wanbianban (2000) No. 125 "reply on Approving the establishment of Anhui Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve Management Office". In the same year, the establishment committee of Chizhou district decided to establish Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve Administration by issuing No. 15 "notice on the establishment of Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve Administration" issued by Chizhou district. Meanwhile, Shengjinhu waterfowl Nature Reserve was canceled. Its personnel and establishment system were assigned to the administration. The Bureau's personnel establishment was 40 and its internal organization was determined. At the same time, Chi issued No. 16 document, changing the original forestry police station of Shengjinhu nature reserve of Dongzhi County Public Security Bureau to the police station of Shengjinhu nature reserve of Chizhou Administrative Public Security Bureau.

In 2000, in order to strengthen the management of Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve, Chizhou district administrative office of Anhui Province decided to set up the Management Committee of Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve, whose members include the county and district governments, forestry bureau and other departments. The ownership of wetland water area in the reserve is state-owned, the surrounding land is owned by the state and collective, and most of them are farmers' cultivated land, woodland, wasteland, etc. In the same year, chixingmi No. 111 document of Chizhou district administrative office of Anhui Province confirmed the management right of the water area of Shengjinhu nature reserve by the management committee and the reserve.

In 2002, it joined the crane network protection area in Northeast Asia.

In 2003, the infrastructure construction project of Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve in Anhui Province was implemented.

In 2005, he joined the East Asia Australasia Plover network.

In 2007, the infrastructure project of the reserve passed the acceptance and joined the wetland protection network in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In 2008, the "wetland ecosystem and biodiversity teaching and research practice base" was jointly built with the school of life sciences, University of science and technology of China.

In 2010, it formed a sister nature reserve with Dalai Lake National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia.

On December 25, 2015, Shengjinhu was included in the list of international important wetlands.

geographical environment

Location context

Shengjinhu nature reserve is located in Dongzhi County, Chizhou City, Southern Anhui Province, adjacent to the Yangtze River. It is located at 116 ° 55 ′ e to 117 ° 15 ′ E and 30 ° 15 ′ n to 30 ° 30 ′ n. Located at the junction of Dongzhi County and Guichi District, Shengjin Lake is the center of the whole territory, and the coast extends about 2.5km outward. It is bounded by the East Bank of Gaoqiao lake, Tangtian, Tanbu, Liucun, Baihu and yangjiazui in the East, Dingcun and Changling in the south, national highway 206 in the West and Niutoushan in the north. The total area is 33340 hectares, including 13300 hectares of Shengjin Lake. Now there is a yellow gate from Shengjinhu to the outlet of the Yangtze River, and the water level in the lake is controlled by it. The average altitude is 11 meters.

Geology and geomorphology

The formation of Shengjin Lake can be traced back to 3 million years ago in geological history. After the Himalayan movement, the Yangtze River was uplifted to form rivers, and rivers converged to form lakes.

The southeast Bank of Shengjin Lake is a part of Jiuhua mountain range, which is low mountains and hills, and the northwest is alluvial plain along the river, which is plain polder. The southeast lakeshore is Mesozoic Triassic and Paleozoic Permian geological structure, mainly composed of limestone and shale; the northwest lakeshore is quaternary stratigraphic structure, mainly composed of loam and gravel. The lake bed gradually inclines from south to north, forming modern alluvium, silting up, and the soil is yellow loam, silt and gravel.

Shengjin Lake is surrounded by a variety of landforms. The lakeshore is tortuous and has many branches. The lakeshore perimeter is 165km. It is naturally divided into three connected water surfaces from west to north. To the south of xiaodaozui is Shanghu Lake, also known as Xiaobai lake, with an area of 5800 hectares. To the north of 800zhang is xiahu lake, also known as HuangFei lake, with an area of 2300 hectares. Between the upper and lower lakes is Zhonghu lake, namely Shengjin Lake, with an area of 5200 hectares. The average elevation of the upper and lower lake beds is 11 meters, and the average elevation of the hillock around the lake is 25 meters.

climate

Shengjinhu has a subtropical monsoon climate, hot and humid in summer and cold and dry in winter. The average frost free period is 240 days, the average annual rainfall is 1600 mm, the average annual evaporation is 757.5 mm, the maximum annual rainfall is 2022 mm (1983), and the minimum annual rainfall is 759 mm (1978). The average temperature is 16.14 ℃, the maximum temperature is 40.2 ℃ (August 1, 1953), the minimum temperature is - 12.5 ℃ (February 5, 1969), and the average temperature in January is 3.97 ℃.

Hydrology and water quality

The water source of Shengjin Lake mainly comes from surface runoff, Zhangxi River in the southeast and Tangtian River in the northeast, with a catchment area of 1548.1km. When the highest water level in the flood season was 17.03 meters in history, the lake covered an area of 14000 hectares and stored 830 million meters of water. With the decrease of water level, the area of the lake decreases. Generally, the water area is 10000 hectares, and the annual average water level is 10.88 meters. The water of the lake is connected with the Yangtze River through the yellow gate. The opening and closing of the gate can affect the ecological environment of the wetland and the survival and habitat of waterfowl, as well as flood storage and irrigation.

Shengjin Lake area has abundant rainfall, rich surface runoff, good vegetation around the lake area and no industrial pollution source. The wetland is a water passing lake with excellent water quality. Hydrochemical analysis shows that the lake water has high calcium content, certain hardness, normal total nitrogen, silicon salt, phosphorus and iron content, and is suitable for the growth of various aquatic animals and plants.

soil

The soil types in the nature reserve are relatively single. The zonal soil is yellow red subsoil of red soil, and the non zonal soil is mainly fluvo aquic soil and paddy soil. Yellow red soil is distributed in the low mountains and hills in the East and south, and fluvo aquic soil and paddy soil are distributed in the West and North and around the lake.

Yellow red soil is widely distributed in low mountains and hills. The whole profile is acidic. The content of surface organic matter is about 1%, and the contents of nitrogen, available phosphorus and calcium are low,

Chinese PinYin : Sheng Jin Hu Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu