Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey nature reserve

Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Mangkang, Tibet

synonym

Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey nature reserve generally refers to Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Tibet

Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve, located in Mangkang County, Tibet, is the second Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in China. Yunnan snub nosed monkey (snub nosed monkey) is one of the most important distribution areas of Yunnan snub nosed monkey (snub nosed monkey) in China.

The main protected objects are Yunnan snub nosed monkey, spotted tailed hazelnut, Malay bear, green tailed pheasant and other rare and endangered animals and their ecosystems. Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Tibet is one of the typical regions with rich biodiversity in mountain areas of China. It belongs to the nature reserve of wild animals and plants.

Historical evolution

Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve, formerly known as honglashan Nature Reserve in Tibet, was listed as a county-level nature reserve by Mangkang County in 1985;

From 1987 to 1988, the Yunnan snub nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus yunnanensis), which is called "zhuncha" by the local people, was confirmed to be an endangered species in the world by the investigation team of Tibet Autonomous Region's rare wild animals;

In 1992, Tibet was listed as an autonomous regional nature reserve;

In November 2002, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

geographical environment

position

Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve is located in Mangkang County, Changdu Prefecture, eastern Tibet. The geographical coordinates are 98 ° 20 ′ - 98 ° 59 ′ E and 28 ° 48 ′ - 29 ° 40 ′ n.

topographic features

The topographic features of Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Mangkang, Tibet are large relative elevation difference, low latitude, strong depth and broken terrain. High mountain, narrow valley, steep slope, bare rock and primeval forest are the most typical geomorphic features of the reserve.

climate

The Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Mangkang, Tibet is 3500-4500m above sea level. Affected by the southwest monsoon, the climate is warm, sunny and dry in winter; in summer, the southwest monsoon warm and humid air flow from the bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean meets the southeast monsoon warm and humid air flow from the Pacific Ocean, forming precipitation here. The distribution of annual precipitation and temperature is very uneven, which has typical mountain climate characteristics.

hydrology

The main rivers in Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve are Jinsha River, Lancang River and their tributaries.

Regional scope

The Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Tibet is dominated by hongla mountain, which is about 30 km wide from east to west and 96 km long from north to south, with a total area of 185300 hectares. It is divided into two core areas, four buffer areas and two experimental areas. The core area is 87090 hectares (among which, the area of pengbola core area is 50740 hectares, which is connected with the core area of Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province; the area of Meide core area is 36350 hectares), accounting for 47% of the total area, which is mainly the habitat of Yunnan snub nosed monkey and the distribution area of primitive coniferous forest; the buffer area is 45770 hectares (including the area of rigen buffer area of 18690 hectares; the area of Maji buffer area of 18690 hectares) The total area is 6460 hectares; the area of Menba buffer zone is 8220 hectares; the area of xiaochangdu Yazhong buffer zone is 12400 hectares, accounting for 24.7% of the total area; the experimental area is 52440 hectares (including 9620 hectares of Yanjing experimental area; 42820 hectares of Xuzhong Pula experimental area), accounting for 28.3% of the total area.

Protection target

Protected objects

The main protected objects of Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Tibet are Yunnan snub nosed monkey, spotted tailed hazelnut, Malay bear, green tailed pheasant and other rare and endangered animals and their ecosystems.

Vegetation resources

① Due to the high latitude, high mountains and deep valleys, the virgin forest in the reserve is well preserved. The three-dimensional climate of the reserve is obvious, the forest vegetation is well preserved, and the forest coverage rate is 70% - 80%. The forest types include broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, alpine meadow, etc., and there are precious trees such as Taxus yunnanensis, Picea youmaidiao, spruce, fir, Korean pine, Cedrus deodarum, alpine pine, gaoshandong, Salix psammophila, Salix mandshurica, Salix alba, Populus davidiana, spruce pine, alpine meadow, etc.

There are 447 species of vascular plants belonging to 235 genera of 79 families in the reserve, including 4 species of pteridophytes belonging to 4 families and 4 genera; there are 231 genera of seed plants, including 14 species of gymnosperms belonging to 7 genera of 4 families and 429 species of angiosperms belonging to 224 genera of 71 families. There are 157 species of economic plants belonging to 130 genera of 69 families, including 132 species of medicinal plants belonging to 107 genera of 52 families.

The main precious medicinal materials are Cordyceps sinensis, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Fritillaria, rhubarb, Coptis chinensis, Rhodiola, Angelica sinensis, Codonopsis pilosula, Panax notoginseng, etc. The famous Tibetan medicines, such as zhenzhu70wan, 20wan and changjue, are well-known in eastern Tibet.

② Representative plants:

Korean pine

Pinus koraiensis Sieb. Et Zucc., also known as Pinus koraiensis and Pinus sylvestris, is an evergreen tree of Pinus family, which is an important timber tree in China.

taxus yunnanensis

Other common names: yew, Shenmu, Taxus belongs to Taxaceae. Taxus yunnanensis, one of the four Taxus species in China, is endemic to Yunnan Province.

Animal resources

① The nature reserve is located in the middle of Hengduan Mountains. Due to the particularity of topography and landforms, the North-South mountains have caused the diversity of climate, soil and forest vegetation types, which provides a channel for the expansion of wildlife and makes the reserve rich in many wild animal and plant resources, including the rare and endangered species of Yunnan snub nosed monkey. There are 158 species of vertebrates in 39 families of 19 orders, including 6 species of amphibians and reptiles in 4 families of 2 orders, 95 species of birds in 21 families of 11 orders and 57 species of mammals in 14 families of 6 orders.

② In addition to the rare primate Rhinopithecus yunnanensis, which is on the verge of extinction and is the same as giant panda in the world, 60 species of national key protected animals have been found in the reserve, including 12 species of national first class key protected animals such as clouded leopard, snow leopard, spotted tailed hazel pheasant and green tailed pheasant, and 48 species of national second class protected animals such as red panda, lynx, Malay bear, Tibetan eared pheasant, parrot and vulture. Other precious animals in the area include Sumen antelope, forest musk deer, rock sheep, white bellied Caragana, etc. Wild animal medicinal materials include musk, deer antler, bezoar, snow frog, etc. There are more than 700 Yunnan snub nosed monkeys in Mangkang, about 100 in each group.

③ Representative animals:

Yunnan snub nosed monkey

There are three families of Yunnan snub nosed monkeys in the reserve. Yunnan snub nosed monkey is almost as precious as giant panda. It is the second national treasure of China's first-class protected animals. There are four subspecies of snub nosed monkey: snub nosed monkey from Vietnam, snub nosed monkey from Sichuan, snub nosed monkey from Guizhou and snub nosed monkey from Yunnan, all of which are listed in the red list of endangered animals in the world.

Yunnan snub nosed monkey, also known as black snub nosed monkey, is also known as black monkey or flower monkey because of its dark brown back and white abdomen. It is only distributed in a very narrow area of Deqin County and mang County in Yunnan Province, which is about 200 km long from north to South and less than 40 km from east to west.

lophophorus lhuysii

Beimu chicken, also known as, belongs to the family Phasianidae, which belongs to the order Galliformes and is a first-class national protected animal.

Chinese Grouse

Also known as huaweifeilong, Feilong, belongs to the chicken shaped order grouse family, national first-class protected animals.

Development and utilization

scientific research

In 2014, Changdu carried out the second wildlife resource survey and made major discoveries: snow leopard, osprey, brown tailed bunting, grey backed falcon, Skylark and Himalayan gazelle were newly discovered, and the number of Yunnan snub nosed monkey, the first-class national protected animal in Mangkang hongla Mountain Nature Reserve, increased from more than 500 to more than 700.

Tourism information

Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Tibet was formerly known as honglashan nature reserve. Honglashan ecotourism zone is 60 kilometers away from Mangkang County, with an altitude of 2300-4400 meters. There are more than 200 rare primate snub nosed monkeys that are endangered in the world. The ecological scene is spectacular, with snow mountains, forests, canyons, high mountains and deep valleys and other natural scenery.

The terrain of the reserve is steep, but the Yunnan Tibet highway runs through the reserve, so it is a relatively convenient reserve in Tibet.

ecological value

Mangkang Yunnan snub nosed monkey National Nature Reserve in Tibet has obvious plant vertical zone and natural vertical landscape, and unique ecosystem. It is one of the rare low latitude and high altitude nature reserves in China, and is a valuable species gene bank of biodiversity in plateau forest region of China. It has high value of nature protection and scientific research tourism.

Address: South of Mangkang County, Tibet Autonomous Region

Longitude: 98.69176833651

Latitude: 29.28414520034

Chinese PinYin : Mang Kang Dian Jin Si Hou Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu