Hulu River

Hulu River

Hulu River, a large tributary of Weihe River, was called wating River and Longshui River in ancient times. Because the riverbed is narrow and tortuous, it looks like a gourd. It originates from the southern foot of Yueyue mountain at the junction of Xiji County and Haiyuan County in Ningxia, flows southward through Xiji, Jingning, Zhuanglang and Qin'an, and meets the Weihe River at sanyangchuan in Tianshui. It is the largest tributary of the upper reaches of Weihe River. The valley basin has dense population, flat terrain and fertile soil slope, which is beneficial to irrigation. The Dadiwan ancient cultural site in Qin'an is located on the terrace on the South Bank of Wuying River, a tributary of Hulu river.

Hulu river is a river with serious soil erosion and water pollution in Northwest China. Most farmers in Huluhe River Basin have a history of processing potato starch, and the wastewater is directly discharged into Huluhe River, which leads to serious pollution of Huluhe River Basin from Xiji in Ningxia to Qin'an in Tianshui. Hulu river is rich in water flow in past years. It is often in a dry state due to terracing, reservoir construction, water diversion and irrigation in the upstream. There is a large amount of turbid water from late spring to late autumn. In addition, in recent years, due to the drought and less rain, the water flow has decreased rapidly, and even dried up frequently, resulting in the discharge of pollutants far exceeding the self purification capacity of river water, forming a vicious circle.

< I business card picture: Hulu River, the first section of Qin'an County, Gansu Province

The origin of the name

Hulu River, a tributary of Yellow River, is the main tributary of Weihe River. In ancient times, it was called Longshui, changlishui and watingchuan, which were recorded in shuijingzhu, qinanzhi of Ming Dynasty and qinanzhi of Qing Dynasty. It is also called Changyuan River, wuyanchuan River and Kushui river. It is in the south of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and the east of Gansu Province. Because the river moves back and forth in twists and turns, along the way through seven Gorges and eight rivers, along the river, the valleys and basins alternate with each other, and the shape is like "gourd".

It is also said in Fuxi Kao that "gourd is Fuxi" and in shuijingzhu that "it got its name in memory of Fuxi".

General situation of main stream

Hulu river originates from Yueyue mountain in Xiji County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, flows southward, flows through Xiji County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Jingning County, Zhuanglang County and Qin'an County of Gansu Province, to the south of Shifo town of Tianshui City, and flows into Weihe River. It has a total length of 301 kilometers and a drainage area of 10700 square kilometers (according to the records of Qin'an County: Hulu river has a total length of 296.3 kilometers and a drainage area of 10652.5 square kilometers). 5 per thousand.

）(according to the data of Jingning County, Hulu river has a total length of 300.6 km, a drainage area of 10730 km, an average riverbed gradient of 2.93 ‰, and an average annual runoff of 364.4 million cubic meters.

）Gansu Province is 209 km long.

Shangyuan, known as Wulong River, originates from daquangounao on the south slope of yueliangshan, Xiji County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with an elevation of 2550 meters. It flows southward from its source, passes through Xiji County, jiangtaibao, Xinglong Town and other places, and runs through the north and south of Xiji County. There are more than 50 main tributaries in the basin, and the left and right banks are successively included into Tangjia River, Malian River, Shizi River, haoshui River, Lanni River, etc Zhangjiazui reservoir has malianchuan reservoir and Shizilu reservoir on its tributaries. From the south to Xiafan village, Xinglong Town, it enters beixiakou, Jingning County, Gansu Province. The county flows southward through six townships including Xinying, Jiqiang, Xiaohe, Jiangtai and Xinglong, with a total of 95 administrative villages and 465 natural villages. By the end of 2014, there were 35500 households with a total population of 142000, including 135800 agricultural population and 6200 urban population. Hulu River in Xiji County covers an area of 2079 square kilometers, of which the main stream of Hulu River covers an area of 1352 square kilometers, with an average gradient of 3.39 ‰.

The main stream flows from yanjiamiao village of Bali township to Jingning County, which is called Hulu river at first. It flows through Chengchuan and Weirong River to Shoujia gorge. The length of the county runoff is 53.5 km, the controlled drainage area is 3718 km, and the average annual runoff is 5.77 million cubic meters. According to the data of Beixia hydrological station, the maximum annual runoff is 19195 tons. Since 1991, the surface runoff of HULUHE river has decreased sharply, and the number of days of annual runoff interruption in dry season is more than 60 days.

Hulu river flows from Shoujia gorge of Jingning County to liujiayuan of zhaodun, Zhuanglang County, through namiaolong gully of xiaohetou, through nahujiayuan gully and shijiayuan gully of Nanhu, through Zhuanglang River, nahualiwan gully and Yujiagou gully of Bihui in Wolong dizui, through Moshi gorge to Yangchuan basin, through Weigou and Zhangjiaping gully of Nashui, and out of ta'erwan.

Hulu River enters Qin'an County from Lijiahe village of Haodi Township, flows through 6 townships (towns) of Haodi, Anfu, Yebao, Xingguo, Xichuan and Zhengchuan from north to south, and leaves at miaozui village of Zhengchuan township. Hulu river flows through Qin'an with a length of 45.2 kilometers, a drainage area of 493.34 square kilometers and an average annual runoff of 77.71 million cubic meters. The annual maximum flood peak usually occurs from June to August, and 1973 is the year with the highest flood peak. There are 13 main tributaries of Hulu River, Qingshui River, nanxiaohe River and nanqingshui River on the East Bank of Qin'an County, and Xianqin River and xixiaohe River on the West Bank. The tributaries are distributed symmetrically in veins, and Qingshui River is the largest. There are 23 large primary gullies, of which 8 are less than 5 km, 13 are 5-10 km and 2 are more than 10 km. Before liberation, the Hulu river flooded frequently. In Xingguo town and yejiapu town of Qin'an County, the river levee often burst, resulting in serious floods. After liberation, more than 120000 mu of plantations were planted along the coast, and the control area of soil and water conservation was 164400 mu. The river embankment has been built, and the gravity irrigation and electric pumping irrigation have been developed.

Hulu river flows into Maiji district with a main stream of 15.4km long and a drainage area of 97.32km2. It flows through wencha village, houchuan village, Longchi village and Daping village in Zhongtan Town, Maiji District, and in the South (according to Jingning County: doujiaxia village, Baijia village, Tianshui City)

According to the general information, sanyangchuan flows into Weihe River.

hydrographic features

According to the hydrological monitoring data of Jingning County for many years, the average annual runoff of Hulu River in Renda section of Jingning County is 18 million cubic meters, and that in Qin'an hydrological station is 345.6 million cubic meters. However, the interannual variation of river runoff is dramatic. After the continuous occurrence of high runoff from the middle and late 1960s to the early 1970s, the runoff has decreased sharply since the 1980s, especially since 1986, which has been lower than the average runoff for a long time. The annual runoff is 503 million cubic meters. Through the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau in the west of Gansu Province, the soil and water loss is serious. The annual sediment discharge is 72.7 million tons, and the maximum sediment concentration is 1210 kg / m3.

According to the measured data of Qin'an hydrological station in recent 24 years, the average annual discharge is 14.08 m3 / s. From July to September, it accounts for 52%, and the average annual runoff is 444 million cubic meters. In 1968, the maximum annual runoff was 850000m3, and in 1957, the minimum runoff was 195000m3, with a difference of 25 times. The maximum flood discharge occurred on April 28, 1973, which was 3560 cubic meters, and the power consumption of households was low. The minimum flood discharge occurred on July 19, 1974, which was 0.003 cubic meters per second. On June 25, 1979 and July 19, 1982, there were two interruptions.

Hulu river is the one with the highest sediment concentration in the same level of Longxi river. The annual erosion modulus is 7410 tons per square kilometer, the annual average sediment concentration is 162 kg per cubic meter, the maximum sediment concentration is 1210 kg per cubic meter, and the annual average quicksand rate is 2300 kg / cubic meter. The annual erosion modulus is 7930 tons / km2, and the annual sediment discharge is 3.59 million tons. The freezing period of Hulu river is about 70 days.

Main tributaries

Shuiluo River, a tributary of Hulu river. In the middle of Gansu Province, it is named after shuiluoting, an ancient Buddhist temple. In ancient times, it was called shuiluochuan, which originated from the West foot of Liupan in Longde County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It flowed into Zhuanglang County of Gansu Province in the southwest, converged with Dongxia River, waier River and Zhangma River, converged with shuiluonan River in the southwest of shuiluocheng, then entered Jingning County in the southwest, converged into Wuying River, then turned northeast and flowed into Hulu river. It has a total length of 79 kilometers, a drainage area of 1793 square kilometers and an annual runoff of 08 million cubic meters. Through the Loess Hilly and gully region, soil erosion is serious.

Yuhe River, the first tributary of Hulu River, originates from the West foot of Liupan, yangjiadian, Longde County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Its source is at an altitude of 2600m. From east to west, it passes through Longde County, Shatang Township, Shenlin Township, Liancai township to Siqiao township of Jingning County and enters Dongxia reservoir. Hujia River in Chengchuan flows into Hulu River, with a length of 56 km and a drainage area of 606.2 km, including 171.29 km. The average annual runoff is 0.30 cubic meters per second. The water source of Dongxia reservoir is located at the Xiakou of Yuhe river.

Gouwa river originates from bingdiwan, west of Laozhuang, Sanhe Township, Jingning County, and flows into Hulu River in the west of the county. The river is 12.5 km long with an average annual runoff of 21410 cubic meters per second. Built and put into operation in 1960, it is a comprehensive reservoir with flood control as the main function, irrigation, urban water supply and other functions, with a total storage capacity of 86 million cubic meters. The reservoir is located in the lower reaches of the Yuhe River, a tributary of Hulu river. The Yuhe river originates from yangjiadian, Longde County, Ningxia,

Gaojie River, originated in Quzhou village, Dangxian Township, Huining County, enters Jingning County from maxia, Gaojie town

Chinese PinYin : Hu Lu He