Rongmei tusicheng site

Rongmei Tusi site

synonym

Rongmei tusicheng site generally refers to Rongmei tusicheng site

Rongmei Tusi site is a group of sites left by Rongmei Tusi, a powerful Tusi in Southwest Hubei during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including Wanren cave, Wanquan cave, Qingtian cave, Zhongfu, Juefu, Nanfu and other sites. It covers an area of 44 square kilometers and is located in Hefeng County, Hubei Province. It was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 2006 and a world cultural heritage site in China in 2012 name list.

In 2019, it will be selected as the heritage and development project of Jingchu site.

General situation of the site

The content of Rongmei Tusi site is very rich, but its distribution is relatively scattered. There are ruins such as Juefu site in Pingshan, xiliucheng, Wanren cave, Qingtian cave, Jiufeng reading platform, among which Juefu site in Pingshan is the most important.

"Dongfu site" is a major feature of Rongmei Tusi site, which was built by using natural karst caves. Rongmei Tusi site, as one of the earliest Tusi sites in China, has been used for a long time and has a complete preservation pattern. It shows the distinctive cultural characteristics of the local ethnic groups in the aspects of Tusi system characteristics, Tusi official system, remains spatial distribution and pattern. On this basis, it also shows a particularly significant Tusi ruling power symbol, national cultural integration and national recognition The unique common characteristics of the same Tusi site are the representative material evidence of the management wisdom of Tusi system in this historical period, which provides a physical example for the study of the extinct Tusi system.

Rongmei Tusi site is a group of sites, including Juefu site, Sishu site, xiliucheng site, wanquandong site, wanrendong site, qingtiandong site, Nanfu site, Zhongfu site, Shuizhai site, tianquanshanguanzhai site, fengtiangaoming tablet in guanfen garden, Rongmei Tusi family cemetery, Xiangshi family cemetery, jiufengqiao site, dawuchang site and Ziyun site There are three kinds of Steles, one is "baishunqiao" stele, the other is "baoshanlouji" stele, and the other is Fengxiang academy stele.

Juefu site

Geography

Juefu site is located in group 2, Pingshan village, Rongmei Town, Hefeng County. It is located in xiapingshan, which is a natural danger of Pingshan. Xiaping mountain is surrounded by cliffs and deep gullies, which are natural barriers for defense. It is about 12.5km away from Hefeng County in the south, 500m away from xiaokunlun site in the southeast and 150m away from minghushan site in the southwest. Cliff in the south, Zhongping mountain in the north, loushui (hanging slate) in the West and shunxia in the East. The geographical coordinates are 29 ° 56 ′ 16.4 ″ n, 110 ° 04 ′ 27.5 ″ e, and the altitude is 799 meters.

Historical overview

Juefu site has existed for about 150 years since it was built in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty and abandoned after "changing the soil to flow".

According to the Qing Dynasty writer Gu Cai's Rong Mei Ji you, "xuanweisi's executive office is located in Pingshan street, and its backer is shangpingshan, which is inserted into Xiaohan. The main street of Sishu is paved with huge stones, which can reach ten horses in the west, shuishaping in the West and xiaokunlun in the East. It is six li long, with many peach trees and willows. Zhulangjun's study is in the hibiscus garden. The downhill is the opera house, which is the place where you teach songs. At the end of the West Street, there are steep cliffs and deep streams, which are cut off by bamboo fences. There is something strange in the executive office. You don't always live in it. In the west of the hall, the "Yanchun garden" is regarded as a library. Its building is called "Xingtian", where Zhang Le banquets on the fifth day of the lunar new year. The back street is two li long, and there are many folk houses, all of which are made of flour. There are people who weave lapels. "

Juefu building complex is large-scale and built close to the mountain, including the main hall, second hall, back hall, Yanchun garden, hibiscus garden, front street and back street, forming the layout of "three halls and two streets". It is a local building complex with overall planning, overall layout and complete facilities.

ruins

Juefu site is located on the southwest hillside of a hill. Due to the serious damage, all the buildings above the ground were destroyed. Only within the range of 200 meters long from north to South and 130 meters wide from east to west, 16 platforms of different sizes were left, which were artificially built from bottom to top with stones. These platforms are equipped with building facilities.

There are few relics unearthed from Juefu site, which are mainly made of building materials such as bricks, tiles, stone components, and a small amount of broken porcelain. Among them, four official porcelains are inscribed in Qing books and poems, which are respectively "Chenghua year system of the Ming Dynasty" and "the Ying of the hidden sea of the Tibetan mountains"; there are cylinder tiles, round, inclined, raised around, decorated with tiger face pattern, tiger protruding eyes, two ears, wide nose, mouth teeth exposed on the lips, beard flying poplar, decorated with a round breast nail pattern; there is a doorsill stone, and a tiger head and head are embossed on the upper part of the front end Forelegs, the tiger's head is slightly oblate, with two ears, tiny eyes, sharp eyes and nasal warts. In the middle, there are eyelints and noses. The eight sides of the nose are carved with a moustache beard. The mouth is slightly open, the upper and lower teeth are exposed, the round tongue is drooping, the legs are protruding, and the legs are protruding. The tiger heads and claws are carved with tiger hair, and the base is 90, 33 and 20 centimeters long.

Nanfu site

Located in the South Village of Wuli Township, Hefeng County, it is located in a small basin surrounded by mountains. The basin is close to the foot of mawangzhai mountain in the north and surrounded by rivers (streams) in the East, West and south, covering an area of about 18.23 square kilometers. Nancun was originally built by the chieftain of Maliao. It was once the office of the chieftain of Maliao. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Nancun was occupied by Rongmei chieftain, and Maliao chieftain was expelled to Yunyang village outside dayangguan. Rongmei chieftain occupied Nancun and built Nanfu administrative office.

The whole site covers an area of about 40000 square meters and is well preserved. Most of the sites are exposed on the surface or buried 0.2-0.8 meters underground. Some sites such as bridges and roads are still in use. At present, 19 sites such as bridges, buildings, temple sites, caves and cemeteries have been found.

The original zhanghuanhou temple in Nanfu was built on the top of the mountain to the north of Zhangye bridge (the entrance of Yanxi cave is on the hillside). On the surface, there are stone components such as Baogu stone, stele, pedestal, long stone and column foundation. After the earth was changed to flow, it was renamed Chaoyang temple. The front entrance of Yanxi cave is on the hillside where zhanghuanhou temple is located, and the front entrance is under the collapsed cliff. According to the investigation of Yanxi cave, only a few ancient architectural remains have been found at the entrance (zhuanmen) and near the entrance. There are stone streets in Nanfu Xingshu. Some stone strips (steep slate and earth lining stone) with Ming Dynasty official style column foundations and building platform foundations were unearthed, as well as house construction sites such as patio and drainage ditch.

Jiufeng Bridge

Jiufeng bridge is located 3.4km to the east of Hefeng County. It was built in 1686, the 25th year of Kangxi. It was built by Tian shunnian, the chieftain of Rongmei. Its name is Jiufeng. This bridge is named after its name. On December 16, 1992, it was announced as the third batch of provincial cultural relics protection units by Hubei Provincial People's government.

According to the inscription "Jiufeng bridge" at Qiaotou, the bridge was donated by "Hu Guang Rong Mei Du Tong Si Shaofu Zuo Dudu Zhengyi, Pinxin guantian shunnian, Yipin's wife Gang's family, and the eldest man should attack Zhongying general officer Tian pingru, Tien Wanru, Tian yanru, and Tian Guanru". The bridge was repaired by the East banner of Tian shunnian's younger brother Tian Qingnian, and was hired by the stone masons of Shaoyang Prefecture in Hunan Province. It was built in the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi. In 1927, the bridge was damaged by floods, and local scholars raised funds to repair it.

"Baishun bridge" monument

Located at the junction of Hefeng County and Wufeng County of Yichang city. In 1687, Rongmei chieftain Tian Shun proposed to build it and built it in 1690. When Tian shunnian came back from his pilgrimage to Beijing, he gladly inscribed "Baishun bridge" and wrote "Baishun bridge inscriptions".

Baiyiping (Beifu)

Geography

It is located in baiyiping village, Caihua Township, Wufeng county. Baiyiping is a large plateau on the top of the mountain. It is surrounded by high cliffs. The terrain is high in the East and low in the West. It covers an area of about 20 square kilometers. The main peak of the mountain is heifengjian, which is about 2383 meters above sea level. It is the second highest peak in Central China (only secondary to shennongding). The mountain is precipitous and majestic. The wilderness at the foot of the mountain (baiyiping) is called Xiaping, Zhongping and Shangping. The top of the mountain is called Tianyan.

Shuaifu and other relics

"Shuaifu" is located in the middle and upper part of the northeast side of baiyiping cliff. Its cliff is high into the sky. "Shuaifu" is located in a natural cave (2160m above sea level) under the hanging rock. It is constructed by using natural caves, which has the characteristics of defensive and concealment. There are still stone walls, terraces and building foundations of the "Shuaifu" in those days; on the outside of the gate, there are steep cliffs at an altitude of about 1900 meters and artificial high walls; at an altitude of about 1980 meters, dawuchang is a building foundation site marching towards the "Shuaifu", and there are still pillar foundation stones preserved today; at an altitude of about 2000 meters, the fort is built It is located in front of the protruding mountain mouth on the south side of the big house.

Tusi ancient tomb

In baiyiping village, there are more than ten tombs related to chieftain from Kangxi to Qianlong. The tomb of GUI Chonggao, a subordinate General of Rongmei chieftain, is located at the top of the mountain. The name of the tablet is "the tomb of the monarch of minzhifu, named Chonggao by Guigong, the former deputy chief officer of qinxiaying, rongmeibiao of Qing Dynasty". It was built in 1712, the 51st year of Kangxi. The inscription is written by Tian yaoru, the pacifier of Wufeng. It records that Tian yaoru was entrusted to Gui Chonggao by Tian shunnian when he was three years old, which shows the intimate relationship between Tian and GUI. Rongmeitu

Chinese PinYin : Rong Mei Tu Si Cheng Yi Zhi