Yan Xishan

Yan Xishan

Yanxi mountain is named after Yanxi Pavilion. Yanxi pavilion was first built in 797 A.D. when Wang Hongzhong, a member of the Ministry of official, demoted to Lianzhou. Han Yu, a great writer, named it and wrote the story of Yanxi Pavilion. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1847), the calligrapher Dai Xi's handwritten "notes of Yanxi Pavilion" was engraved in the pavilion. Yan Xishan got its name from Han Yu's Yanxi Pavilion. There are nearly 40 stone inscriptions in the song, Ming and Qing Dynasties in Yanshan. Among them, the inscriptions in the Song Dynasty are the most, including Xiang Zongdao, Lu Cong, Jin Jie, Li Zongyi, Zhang Wen, Tan Cui, Han Jie and others. Among them, Zhang Jun, the famous anti Jin general of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Xiang Zongdao, the transportation envoy of Guangnan East Road, are the most precious.

Yanxi mountain used to be on the Bank of Haiyang lake, a famous scenic spot in Lingnan. There are many pavilions and pavilions, including Liyin Pavilion, Shiyong Pavilion, Junzi Pavilion, Wolong Pavilion, etc., collectively known as "Yuanfeng twelve Pavilions", Chongyue hall, Jizhi hall and other buildings commemorating historical celebrities. There are many natural stones in Yanshan, such as zuiwang stone, Feiyan stone, Shuangjian stone, etc. It can be said that every tree, stone and pavilion in Yanxi mountain contains Lianzhou's history and culture, which is the concentration of Lianzhou's history and culture.

Yanxi mountain with a long history

Yanxi 1 mountain is located at the foot of Jinfeng mountain in the urban area. There are many ancient trees, strange springs, strange rocks, pavilions, and cliff carvings.

Enter Yanxi mountain from Lianzhou middle school, Panyu Road, Lianzhou City

A memorial archway, 6 meters high and 6.5 meters wide, with green bricks and yellow tiles, is antique. It has two characters of "Yanxi" in cursive script and a couplet on it: "articles of the Ministry of officials, Gao Beidou, water and stone in Lianzhou, Guannan Zou". This is a classic sentence that Lianzhou people are proud of. Outside the main gate, there are two ear gates, on which are Han Yu's cursive script "Yuanfei" and "Pengbo". Crossing the archway and looking back, there is a "fascinating" couplet on the crossbeam, as well as a couplet: "Tianze Yongquan flows into Shuangqing to search for living water, Jinfeng falls down to the earth, and the boundary of xiaoqunshan is at a glance.".

Along the ancient and solemn Qingshiban Road, tens of meters to the north, is the Iron City Pavilion. Although the pavilion is small, it is very commemorative. In the autumn of 1938, when Japan invaded Guangzhou, the provincial government of the Kuomintang moved to Lianzhou. Wu Tiecheng, chairman of the provincial government, called on the people of the whole province to resist Japanese aggression in Yanxi mountain, and inscribed "rejuvenating the country in many difficulties" to encourage the people to fight against the Japanese aggressors. The next year, in memory of Wu Tiecheng's grand event, Zhou people built the Tiecheng Pavilion and put the stele of "rejuvenating the country in many difficulties" in the pavilion.

Facing the Tiecheng Pavilion is the Liubei Pavilion, which was built in the sixth year of Yuanhu in the Northern Song Dynasty. Using the stream of Tianze spring, the squires dug a winding shallow channel on the lawn in front of the pavilion, which looks like a wine cup. The spring water flows gently through the shallow channel. Officials and scholars gathered around the pool to fight wine and write poems, imitating the style of Jin people's winding water and drinking cups. Put down a wine cup at the source of the pool, and sometimes replace it with peach blossom. Let it drift with the water. Whoever floats near the cup will have a drink and write a poem. Liubei - Drinking - poetry became the elegance of Lianzhou literati, but also stimulated the poetry of Lianzhou literati, and left a lot of poetry. Zhang Gong, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote: "when the stone was chiseled into a canal and the blue waves were injected, the Qing Dynasty was inclined to think that Yan traveled a lot. I don't know today's event is like Jin Yonghe. Take wine for spring outing when you spend time, and take flowers as wine chips. Drunk eyes only suspect that the world is small, and the Yellow River rises and flows in spring.

Turning to the south, you can see a huge stone with both head and tail in shape and spirit, like a giant dragon swinging its tail. There is a Wolong pavilion built in Shaoxing period of Southern Song Dynasty. Across the road is Zhenlu Pavilion. In the pavilion, there is a chess board carved on natural rock. It is the oldest chess board in China. During the cultural revolution, the red guards broke through the "four old" and destroyed a small corner, which made the chess player lose a carriage's place in the starting lineup.

From Zhenlu pavilion to the well-known Yanxi Pavilion, there are records in the dictionary of Chinese scenic spots and Chinese Pavilion, and Yanxi mountain is also named after Yanxi Pavilion. Built in 797 ad, the pavilion was built by Wang Hongzhong, a member of the Ministry of official affairs. It was a place for ancient officials and scholars to hold banquets and relax. Six years later, Han Yu named it Yanxi Pavilion, taking the meaning of "eulogizing the Marquis of Lu who is happy with Yanxi" from the book of songs, and arched the record of Yanxi Pavilion. In the 26th year of Daoguang (1847), Dai Xi, a calligrapher, wrote the story of Yanxi Pavilion in his hand and engraved a tablet in the pavilion. In 1938, Peng Sen, chairman of the national government of China, presented the couplets of Yanxi Pavilion. In fact, Yanxi Pavilion is very common, with green tiles, yellow eaves, cornices, four red pillars and four corners. It covers an area of only dozens of square meters. It seems that there is nothing special about it. However, its history and culture have been praised repeatedly by scholars of all ages. On the stone walls around the pavilion, the handwriting left by the former sages can be seen everywhere. Among them are the poems of the literati of the Tang Dynasty, such as Yuan Jie, Liu Yuxi, Han Yu, Zhou Dunyi, the philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Jun, the prime minister and scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty, you Pu, the poet of the Ming Dynasty, and Xu Qi, the scholar of the Qing Dynasty. There are also stone carvings such as "a visit here" by the mediocre and elegant people.

There are many pavilions in Yanshan, such as Liyin Pavilion, Shiyong Pavilion, Junzi Pavilion, Huiyou Pavilion, ZUIWENG Pavilion, etc. There are also many strange stones, such as zuiwang stone, Feiyan stone, Jinji stone, Shuangjian stone, Xianrenwan stone, xianape stone, Jingui stone, etc. There are also many famous springs, such as Tianze spring, Beishan ancient well, Lianquan, Yongquan, Feilian waterfall, etc. Every pavilion, stone and spring has its own history and culture.

Yanxi mountain has witnessed the history of Lianzhou and enriched its culture, which has inspired generations of Lianzhou people to make progress.

Yanxi Garden

Located in the northeast of Lianzhou City, Yanxi mountain, with its unique Valley and rocks, green trees and clear springs, is a fresh and elegant garden. In Yanxi garden, in addition to the famous ancient and modern Yanxi Pavilion and ancient Yanxi memorial archway, there are also yanghan bridge, Zhenlu Pavilion, Wolong Pavilion, Shiyong Pavilion, zuiwengshi, Liubei Pavilion, Yanxi mountain cliff stone carvings, the former site of Yanxi academy, Tiecheng Pavilion and other places of interest. When you visit Yanxi garden, you will naturally enter a realm of blending culture and scenery.

YanXiShan memorial archway

The ancient Yanxi memorial archway stands about 20 meters to the north of Yanxi Pavilion. It is the gate of the former Yanxi Academy (Yanxi Academy was founded in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty and was the predecessor of Yanxi primary and secondary school, which was later incorporated into Lianzhou middle school).

The memorial archway is 6 meters high and 6.5 meters wide, with green bricks and yellow tiles, antique, and the top of the middle gate is painted with the original school emblem of Yanxi primary and secondary school. The school emblem is a flat topped triangle with the outline of Jinfeng mountain painted on the top and Tongxin art word "Yanxi" on the bottom. The school emblem was designed by calligrapher and painter Yang Zhiquan. There is a "Yan" on the right and a "Xi" on the left. On the top of the right gate of the archway is the word "Gefei", and on the top of the left gate is the word "Pengbo". The couplets on both sides of the middle gate are as follows: the first couplet is "Gao Beidou, an article of the Ministry of official affairs", the second couplet is "Lianzhou Shuishi guannanzou", which comes from the poem "You Yan Xi Ting Ji Yin Liu Bei Chi" written by you Pu, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty. It can summarize the value and characteristics of Yan Xi mountain in history and scenery. The note next to the first couplet is "a poem carved on the right stone of Yanxi Pavilion in the early period of the Ming Dynasty by Jin Shi Funing's visit to Taichu". The words on the right stone of the pavilion are light, eroded by wind and rain, and the ink is half buried here. The note next to the first couplet is "a book written by Yang Zhiquan, a native of the city on New Year's day in the 29th year of the Republic of China". On the top of the gate on the back of the archway, there is a large running script of "fascinating", and the second couplet of the middle gate is "Tianze Yongquan flows in and Shuangqing seeks for living water, Jinfeng falls down to the earth, and the border of xiaoqunshan is at a glance".

YanXiShan cliff stone carvings

Located at the foot of Jinfeng mountain in Lianzhou City, Yanxi mountain is full of green trees, strange rocks, springs and cliff carvings. YanXiShan cliff stone carvings

The history spans thousands of years, which also extends a kind of "Yanxi culture". Zhang Renmin, a lover of literature and history in Lianzhou, has devoted himself to the study of Yanxi mountain stone carvings for many years. He believes that the rise and fall of the cultural history of different dynasties can be roughly interpreted from the number of stone carvings and the relationship between time and space.

There is a stone wall hidden above the spring, which is the famous "source of Lian spring". In the first year of Xining (1068 A.D.) in Northern Song Dynasty, Zhou Lianxi, a litterateur, inscribed "the source of Lian Quan" on the stone wall of Yanxi mountain, which was about 2 feet long and 2 feet wide. The idea of honesty and uprightness advocated between the lines was a must visit place for officials to take office in Lianzhou in ancient times.

In the view of scholars of literature and history, Yanxi mountain, which is characterized by cliff inscriptions and pavilions of past dynasties, has witnessed the history of Lianzhou and enriched its culture. Unfortunately, these stone carvings have been eroded by wind and rain, intertwined by parasites, and damaged by other reasons, so the protection of these stone carvings in YanXiShan is facing difficulties. According to the statistics of the local cultural department, there are 20 inscriptions on the cliffs of Yanxi mountain that are illegible, including some of the works of famous artists in the Tang and Song dynasties. And more than 80 existing stone carvings are gradually weathered and blurred.

In 1981, YanXiShan cliff inscriptions were announced as municipal cultural relics protection units. It is stipulated that the center of the stone carving should be extended for 50 meters, and construction damage is prohibited. However, according to local cultural and historical workers, some precious stone carvings and ancient buildings in Yanxi mountain have been damaged in the past and have not yet been restored.

Zhang Renmin, former vice principal of Lianzhou middle school, said that the trees, mosses and parasites around the rock carvings of Yanxi mountain are easy to accumulate rainwater and produce secretions, which is the biggest enemy of cliff carvings. However, the ancient trees, mosses, pavilions and flowing water of Yanxi mountain are interdependent with the stone carvings. If these things are removed, the stone carvings will have no vitality and support, so it is necessary to explore and protect the cliff carvings It has become a very urgent task.

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