Yuliang dam

Yuliangba is the largest ancient barrage on Jiang'an river. It is the only existing ancient stone rolling dam in China. It is praised as "Jiangnan Dujiangyan" by Zheng Xiaoxie, a famous national ancient architecture expert. The 138 meter long dam cuts across the Lianjiang River. It is built with tons of stones, and the adjacent stones are firmly interlocked with wedge-shaped stone locks. People who have seen it have to admire the wisdom of the ancient working people. At one end of the Yuliang dam is the old Yuliang street. There is no commercial development of the typical Hui style buildings in the city. You can see the pure folk customs on the street.

Lianjiang River has beautiful scenery. You can also walk along the river and enjoy a good time. In spring, you can see rape flowers on the hillside and ancient boats in the river.

Yuliang dam

Yuliangba is located in Yuliang village, Huicheng Town, Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. It was built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, about 1400 years ago. It is one of the famous water conservancy projects in ancient China and the largest water conservancy project in Shexian county.

Yuliang dam is the oldest and largest ancient barrage in the upper reaches of Xin'an River. It is the most famous water conservancy project in ancient Huizhou. It is known as "the first Dujiangyan in the south of the Yangtze River". Yuliang dam plays an important role in flood discharge and drought prevention, ship interception and environment beautification. The rise and fall of the dam is regarded as the symbol of the rise and fall of Huizhou in all dynasties. As an important wharf for hundreds of years, yuliangba is the place where Huizhou merchants set sail to take over the prosperity of their families in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is worthy of the name of "source of Huizhou merchants".

On June 25, 2001, as an ancient building from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, yuliangba was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

Yuliang dam is the largest water conservancy project in Shexian County in ancient times. It was built in Tang Dynasty and has a history of nearly 1400 years. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Wang Hua, the ancestor of Huizhou people and Duke of Yue, moved to Xin'an prefecture to govern Shexian County, and built dams to intercept the river, which was used as military supplies on water.

In the second year of shaoding (1229), Yuan fufu commanded Jiangdong, and appointed Zhao Xishu, the governor of this prefecture, to supervise the construction of Yuliang dam. He was very skilled in Min engineering and began to dig mountains and take stones.

In the 14th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1501), "to remove the ash and sand from the dam core" became a gravity dam with all stones, and then it was repaired many times.

In the 33rd year of Wanli (1670), the Yuliang dam was rebuilt.

Architectural features

Yuliangba is made of granite layer by layer. The building method of their base is scientific and ingenious. Each base consists of ten bluestones, each with a stone column. Between the upper and lower layers, solid stone piers are inserted, such as nails. This kind of stone spike is called "stability", also known as Yuanbao nail. In this way, if the upper and lower layers wear stone locks, they connect with each other and are extremely firm. The stones in each layer are interlocked with stone locks, so that they are tightly connected up, down, left and right, forming a solid fishing beam dam that can cross the river. There is a water gate in the middle of the dam for drainage.

The Yuliang dam cuts across Lianjiang River, making the water potential on the dam flat and the torrent running under the dam. The south end of the dam is adjacent to Longjing mountain, and the north end is connected to the old street of Yuliang ancient town. This old street is still well preserved. It is a typical layout of Hui style dwellings. There are many forks on the side of Qingshiban road towards the river, which can go down to Yuliang.

Cultural relics

Ziyang Bridge

Ziyang bridge is 140 meters long, 14 meters high and 10 meters wide. Because the upstream of the bridge is the wharf for Huizhou merchants to go boating, the hole of the bridge is much larger than the ordinary bridge.

Yuliang dam

The Yuliang dam can store the water in the upstream and slow down the flow under the dam. Irrigation, boating, rafting and flood fighting can all be beneficial at the same time. The dam is 138 meters long, 27 meters wide at the bottom and 4 meters wide at the top. All of them are built with solid stones of the same color. Each stone weighs more than one ton.

Cultural relic value

The building method of Yuliang dam is scientific and ingenious. Each base has ten bluestones, and a stone column is set up. Between the upper and lower layers, solid stone piers are inserted as nails. If the upper and lower layers wear stone locks, they connect with each other and are extremely firm. Each layer of each stone is interlocked with a stone lock, so that the upper, lower, left and right are tightly linked together, forming a solid fishing beam dam across the river. The design, construction and function of Yuliang dam have comprehensive utilization value.

Cultural relics protection

On June 25, 2001, as an ancient building from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, yuliangba was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In 2005, the Ministry of construction and the State Administration of cultural relics published the list of the second batch of famous historical and cultural villages in China, and 24 villages including Yuliang village, Huicheng Town, Shexian county were rated as famous historical and cultural villages in China.

History and culture

The origin of the name of yuliangba

The Tang and song ancient street on the Bank of yuliangba is like a fish. Yaojiaxiang, the "fish belly" is 121.78 meters above sea level, while the original Temple of Yutou and Baiyun Buddhist temple, the "fish tail" are only about 115 meters, with a drop of about 7 meters. "It's high in the middle and low at both ends, so it gets its name.

The source of Huizhou merchants

The development of Huizhou merchants spanned the Ming and Qing Dynasties and lasted for more than 400 years. It can be said that if there is no yuliangba, there will be no glory of Huizhou merchants. Since ancient times, there have been many mountains and few fields in Huizhou, and the agricultural income is not enough for self-sufficiency, so the people have to turn to handicraft industry and commerce. In Huizhou, not only the poor peasants went out to do business without hesitation, but even some wealthy families or scholar bureaucrat's families with assets also had a strong interest in investing in business. That's why there is the saying that has been passed down for thousands of years: "I was born in Huizhou when I was not practicing in my previous life; I lost it when I was 13 or 14 years old." The starting point of this "one throw" is yuliangba.

Affected by the terrain, the land transportation in ancient Huizhou was very inconvenient. Local merchants could only rely on the rich water transportation resources to discharge water from Lianjiang River, the largest tributary of Xin'an River, and then transfer it to Xin'an River, and then to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. They continuously transported tea, wood, cotton, silk, paper and ink to tea houses and markets, and finally completed the original accumulation of capital.

Yuliangba, the largest and most upstream of Xin'anjiang River, has taken on this "heavy responsibility", and nine out of ten Huizhou merchants have come out of Huizhou. Among Huizhou merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shexian county was the most important one in ancient Huizhou, and Jixi had the largest number. Hui merchants from Shexian and Jixi went to Suzhou and Hangzhou, to the capital and other places from yuliangba. "

From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the opening of modern roads, yuliangba was very busy, with more than 300 ships berthing at the bottom of the dam. The prosperity of waterway transportation stimulated the development of yulianggu Town, and eventually formed a lively commercial market in this area. Among them, salt, tea, wood and pawn, which are known as the four major businesses of Huizhou merchants, occupy a prominent position in the commercial street.

Tourism information

Address: yuliangba is located in Yuliang village, Huicheng Town, she County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province.

Opening hours: 7:00-17:00

Transportation:

1. You can take bus No.1 from Boshi Manor - nanyuankou to Yuliang scenic spot station or Shangri La community station (West entrance of Yuliang scenic spot) and walk.

Route: 3 yuan for the whole journey. Among them, 1 yuan is from Boshi manor to tandu middle school, 1 yuan is from tandu middle school to tangwukou, and 1 yuan is from tangwukou to nanyuankou terminal station.

2. The bus from Tunxi to yuliangba in Huangshan City: there is No.2 bus for some scenic spots at Tunxi bus station. Along the way, it passes Qiankou residence, Tangmo, Paifang group, Huizhou ancient city, etc. the departure time is 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 13:00, 14:30, 16:00. Two way split.

Address: Yuliang village, 1.5km southeast of Huicheng Town, she County, Anhui Province

Longitude: 118.44963839442

Latitude: 29.857547396915

Tel: 0559-2156121

Tour time: 2 hours

Traffic information: 1. Take bus No.1 from Shexian ancient city to Yuliang scenic spot station, and then walk to the last bus at 18:00;

2. Starting from Tunxi bus station, there is No.2 bus for yuliangba and some scenic spots. The departure time is 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 13:00, 14:30 and 16:00

Ticket information: 30 yuan

Opening hours: 7:30-17:00

Chinese PinYin : Yu Liang Ba