Zhaotong ancient cultural site

Zhaotong ancient cultural site is located in guoshandong village, Tangfang second community, Beizha Town, north of Zhaotong City. The cave is more than 40 meters long, more than 10 meters wide and about 5 meters high. In 1982, some mammal fossils and a human tooth fossil were discovered by the municipal cultural relics survey team. The early Homo sapiens fossil discovered for the first time is named "Zhaotong man". This discovery fills the gap between the ape man stage and the late Homo sapiens stage. After the discovery of the Paleolithic site inside the cave, a Neolithic site was found at the foot of the collapsed rock on the left side of the front cave. The front of the cave is high and the back is low. The site forms a slope inward, and many pieces of pottery are exposed on the ground surface. Preliminary exploration shows that the cultural layer is more than 1 meter deep, with a distribution area of about 10 square meters. Unearthed artifacts include stone axes and stone axes, which are rough ground. Most of the pottery is red pottery with sand, followed by gray pottery with sand, all of which are cable surface. The shape of the utensils includes long neck and pointed bottom jar, single ear and round foot jar, ring bottom bowl, flat bottom small cup, folding edge jar, kettle shaped utensil, etc.

Zhaotong ancient cultural site

Guoshandong is located 15 kilometers north of Zhaotong City, 35 meters behind guoshandong village, Tangfang second community, Beizha town. The front cave is slightly to the East and to the north. The width of the cave is more than 10 meters, and the highest part is about 5 meters. The back cave faces southeast, which is slightly smaller than the front cave. In November 1982, some mammal fossils and a human tooth fossil were found about 20 meters from Houdong by the municipal cultural relics survey team.

introduce

There are many ancient cultural sites in Zhaotong, Yunnan, mainly including the following.

The old instrument of guoshandong

Guoshandong is located 15 kilometers north of Zhaotong City, 40 meters behind guoshandong village, Tangfang second community, Beizha town. The front cave is slightly to the East and to the north. The width of the cave is more than 10 meters, and the highest part is about 5 meters. The back cave faces southeast, which is slightly smaller than the front cave. In November 1982, some mammal fossils and a human tooth fossil were found about 20 meters from Houdong by the municipal cultural relics survey team. According to expert identification, mammal fossils include Oriental Saber Toothed elephant, Chinese rhinoceros, monkey and so on. They lived in the late Pleistocene or early Late Pleistocene. Human tooth fossil is the first early Homo sapiens fossil found in our province, named "Zhaotong man".

After the discovery of the ancient artifacts in the cave, a Neolithic site was found on the left side of the cave.

Neolithic of yezhudong

Located 300 meters north of xunlongwan village office, Shayu Township, Zhaotong City. The hole is 3 to 4 meters wide. Its height ranges from 1.5m to 3m, and its depth is more than 10m; there are bifurcated holes on both sides, and its depth is 4 to 5M. Unearthed artifacts include stone, stone axe, net pendant, red pottery with sand and gray pottery; human mandible and bones of bison and dog. Compared with the Neolithic artifacts passing through the cave, the unearthed artifacts are more rough. Its cultural age may be earlier than that of guoshandong site.

Yeshi Neolithic

It is located in yeshishe village, puzhilu village, Taoyuan Township, 5 kilometers east of Ludian County. The site covers an area of 1 square kilometers and is concentrated on both sides of the river at the entrance of today's Yeshi natural village. The cultural layer is 1.3 meters thick. The unearthed artifacts include red pottery with sand, black clay polished pottery and gray pottery. Ancient tombs and half cave house foundations are also found in the site. There are about 200 square meters in the site, the soil is gray white, mixed with a large number of ceramic pieces. Yeshi site is a rare large village site with large scale, thick cultural layer and less damage among the Neolithic sites found in Yunnan so far, which has high research value. In December 1987, it was approved and announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.

Machang Neolithic

Located in Ludian County 5 kilometers east of Ciyuan Township Hulukou village Machangying. The site covers an area of more than 100000 square meters. The cultural layer is mainly located in the East, South and west to the edge of the mound. On the west side, the cultural layer is 1.3 meters thick. It is also divided into upper and lower layers: the upper layer is maroon, and the lower layer is dark gray, with red burnt soil, charcoal chips and pottery chips. More than 500 pieces of pottery have been unearthed, most of which are argillaceous gray pottery, and the rest are sandy gray pottery and argillaceous black pottery. The types of pottery can be identified as bowl, one ear jar, flat bottom jar, flowing jar, one ear jar, mouth closing jar, long shaped ware, small bottom pot with long neck and small mouth, and round bottom bowl with flat neck and belly. Some of the objects are painted with black pottery, which is the only one found in the Neolithic period unearthed in Yunnan. There are knives and axes in the stone tools. The stone is hard and finely ground. The perforation technology has reached a high level.

Late tombs

Qiaojia county is located in the center of the small east gate. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, this place was where the government office was. After 1950, it was the backyard of the county Party committee and the county people's government. Due to the fact that the ground is covered by buildings, no planned survey and excavation have been carried out, and the area of the tomb is unknown. Over the years, some artifacts have been unearthed. In 1984, the county science and Technology Commission built a house, found 6 tombs, and collected 3 unearthed artifacts. The texture of the pottery is gray pottery with sand, flat bottom and bulging belly. There are veins on the bottom, parallel lines on the shoulder and mouth. In 1990, the people's Government of the county built a staff dormitory and found a stone slab tomb again, which was reported to the cultural relics administration committee of the province and selected to be excavated by the cultural relics administration office of Zhaotong district and the cultural relics administration office of the county. It took 27 days to excavate an area of 400 square meters, 19 tombs were cleared, and more than 50 pieces of pottery, stone, bone and shellfish were unearthed. The sarcophagus is inlaid with natural sand and stone, and the head of the deceased is all to the south. The burial objects have been cleaned up and registered, and need to be identified. The initial dating of the stone slab tombs is the late Neolithic period.

Address: Tangfang village, Beizha Town, Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province

Longitude: 103.77634

Latitude: 27.431259

Chinese PinYin : Zhao Tong Gu Wen Hua Yi Zhi