Limu mountain

Limu mountain

Limu mountain is the longest group of mountains in Hainan Island. The whole group of mountains is located in the southwest of the central part of the island. Yinggeling, which is located at the junction of Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, Baisha Li Autonomous County and Wuzhishan City, is the main body. The rest extends northeast to limuling in Qiongzhong and southwest to haorou, which is located at the junction of Ledong Li Autonomous County, Changjiang Li Autonomous County and Dongfang City. It is about 80 km long and 13 km wide. Since ancient times, it has been known as the holy land of Li people and the ancestor mountain of Li people. According to ancient Xingxiu and geographers, nvxiu, one of the twenty-eight constellations in the sky, corresponds to Limu mountain, so it was called "Liwu mountain" in ancient times. Limu mountain is like spring all the year round, warm in winter and cool in summer, with an average annual temperature of 22.5 ℃. It is a resort for adventure tourism, sightseeing and religious activities.

geographical environment

Location context

Located in Qiongzhong, it has steep mountains and vast forests. It is not only a famous mountain in Hainan, but also the ancestor of Li people. It is famous for many waterfalls. Early in the morning, more than 1000 meters above sea level, there are countless streams. The water flows with the mountain, and there are many waterfalls on the cliff, which are very spectacular. Some waterfalls fly down like the Milky way, and the sound is like the heavy hammer of a drum in the sky, forming a beautiful and charming waterfall view! With rich tropical natural forests, beautiful scenery, it is a kingdom of tropical plants, open land and rich soil.

Geology and geomorphology

The forest area of Limu mountain is a high mountain area. The mountains in Limu mountain are formed by the branches of Wuzhi Mountain, stretching from southwest to northeast, that is, Yinggeling mountain in the West extends eastward. The whole mountain is hundreds of miles long, vast and undulating. The main mountains pass through the middle of the forest area. The main peaks are Limu mountain (1412 meters above sea level), sanqinglin mountain (1062 meters above sea level), yingguoao mountain (1006 meters above sea level), and the general peaks are 600-1000 meters above sea level The altitude difference is 400-300 meters, the altitude difference is 300-600 meters, the altitude difference is 300 meters, and most of them are hilly terrain with a slope of 20-35 degrees. There are small basins and valleys between them.

Limu mountain is a Horst type fault block mountain with complete geological structure, and it is a Mesozoic Paleozoic granite low mountain and low mountain high hill landform. Most of the soil in the forest area is sandy loam formed by weathering of granite and sandstone and a small part of light loam. The pH value is generally 5-6. The soil above 1000 meters above sea level is strongly acidic. The thickness of humus layer is 4-25 cm, the depth of topsoil is 30-40 cm, and the depth of soil layer is 60-100 cm. The soil is fertile and the drainage is good. The main soil types are yellow soil, red soil and latosol In the area of 350-750 meters above sea level, the brick red soil is mostly below 350 meters, which is suitable for the growth of many kinds of plants, animals and microorganisms.

Climate conditions

The forest area of Limu mountain has a tropical monsoon climate, with no obvious four seasons, no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. It is warm and humid all the year round, with abundant rainfall. The average annual temperature is 22.5 ℃, the coldest in January, and the average monthly temperature is 16 ℃; the hottest in July, with the average monthly temperature of 26 ° C, and the average annual rainfall is 2188 mm. The rainy season is from May to October, with the rainfall of 1809 mm, accounting for 83% of the annual rainfall, and the highest in October is 254.7-520.9 mm The annual evaporation is 1391-1426 mm, the relative humidity is 87% - 88%, the average annual wind speed is 1.1 m / s, and the extreme maximum wind speed is 24 m / s. The wind direction is mostly southeast and westerly, the annual sunshine is 1773.5-1918.3 hours, and the annual sunshine rate is 40%. It is an ideal "natural air conditioning area", which can avoid both cold and summer. The whole forest area is rich in light, heat, soil and water resources, suitable for the growth and reproduction of a variety of plants and animals.

Scenic spots

Main attractions

Waterfall is a kingdom of tropical plants and a paradise for wild animals. Hainan Cephalotaxus grandis, a national first-class protected precious tree species, etc. It can predict the weather of "know wind grass", known as "the best fragrance in the world" and other exotic flowers. There are many kinds of wild animals in the garden, among which butterfly species are more precious, such as Phoenix butterfly, pink butterfly, exotic butterfly and so on. The whole park is full of the characteristics of tropical flora and has high ornamental and scientific research value. The main scenic spots of the park are composed of limupo stone scenic spot, diaodengling scenic spot, Cuiyuan scenic spot, Tianhe scenic spot, yingge'ao scenic spot and Dahe Waterfall Scenic spot. Each scenic spot sets off each other and reflects each other. The stone mountain and stone scenery in the scenic spot are unique and can be called unique.

Plant treasure house

Limushan forest area is one of the rare original tropical rain forest protection areas in China, with a total area of 193000 mu, of which 173000 Mu is for forestry, accounting for 89.6%; 20000 mu is for non forestry, accounting for 10.4%; 109000 Mu is for natural forest, accounting for 56%; 35000 Mu is for artificial forest, accounting for 18%; and 5000 mu is for economic forest.

Protection and development

Hainan Limushan Provincial Nature Reserve

Located in Qiongzhong County and Baisha County, Hainan Limushan Provincial Nature Reserve was established in July 2004 with the approval of the provincial people's government. The main protected object is the tropical rainforest ecosystem, with a total area of 12889 hectares. In order to strengthen the management of the reserve and guarantee the construction of Qiongzhong pumped storage power station project, the provincial government approved the adjustment of the scope and functional zoning of Hainan Limushan provincial nature reserve. After adjustment, the total area of Limushan nature reserve is 11701 hectares.

Limushan National Forest Park

Limushan National Forest Park is one of the most abundant biological resources in China and one of the six national forest parks in Hainan.

Limushan Forest Park is located in Limu Town, Qiongzhong County, the peak area of Central Hainan Province, at the junction of Danzhou City and Baisha County, 165 km away from Haikou City, the provincial capital. The highest altitude is 1411.7 meters, with a total area of 193000 mu, of which the natural forest area is 109000 mu. It is located in the tropical evergreen monsoon rain forest zone, which is one of the areas with the richest tropical biological resources in China. There are more than 2000 kinds of plants in the garden, of which 55 are under state key protection. There are 58 species of rare and endangered wild animals belonging to 28 families under the state and provincial key protection. It is the birthplace of Nandu River, Wanquan River and Changhua river.

Limushan Forest Park has unique natural scenery and rich ethnic customs. Many vivid and charming myths and legends, such as the appearance of Limushan, the auspiciousness of diaodengling and Xianren cave, are widely spread.

Every year on the 15th of the third month of the lunar calendar, the folk worship of Li Mu is very lively

extraordinary. The main scenic spots of Limushan Forest Park are limuposhi scenic spot, diaodengling scenic spot, Cuiyuan scenic spot, Tianhe scenic spot, Yingge Ao scenic spot and Kaihe Waterfall Scenic spot. Each scenic spot sets off each other and shines with each other.

The legendary Limu mountain is the main habitat of the ancestors of the Li Nationality in Hainan, which is the transformation of Limu Wumai. Limu mountain is one of the famous mountains in Hainan, which was praised by the ancient military generals earlier. It is also one of the areas with more myths and legends. As early as 900 years ago, Su Shi, a great writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem titled Li Wu mountain. There were many scholars and generals in the later yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and some of them even engraved stone inscriptions. There are more poems about Limu mountain in recent years. It can be seen that Limu mountain forest park is superior to other forest parks because of its long influence and profound cultural heritage.

The main human landscapes of Limushan Forest Park are as follows:

1. Stone statue of Li Mu and Li Mu Temple

The stone statue of Li Mu is not only a peculiar natural landscape, but also full of humanistic connotation. It is the ancestor of the Li nationality. It is often worshiped by the Li people, reflecting the traditional culture and customs of the Li nationality. Its discovery process is more mysterious and legendary. For the ancestor of Li people. In the Yuan Dynasty, a temple of Li Mu was built in (Qiong) Fucheng. It was rebuilt (destroyed) in the fourth year of Yongle (1406) of the Ming Dynasty (Volume 6 of Lingnan shenggai). The temple of Li Mu on Li Mu mountain was built by modern people. In the main hall of the temple, the statue of Li Mu Niang is vivid. Every year around "March 3" and "March 15", all Li people and even all parties are not good believers of Li nationality. They are not far away from the mountain and are not afraid of dangerous roads , competing to pray and worship, colorful flags, incense, lively, become a rare mountain event, is a unique tourism landscape, attractive to tourists from all walks of life.

2. Stone wall of Liwu mountain (Song Dynasty)

At the top of Limu mountain, it is more than Zhang high. As a sophomore, there is a handwritten poem by Dongpo in the middle. Two clouds split near the wall. (Ding'an County annals)

3. Stone cliff of Liwu mountain (Yuan Dynasty)

At the top of the mountain, Zhu bin, commander-in-chief of the grand capital, sent his troops to Li and arrived at Guzhen Prefecture. Then he climbed Wuzhi Mountain, followed by Liwu mountain, and carved stones: the army horses of the Yuan Dynasty came here. (Ding'an County annals)

4. Dongpoling moan stone carvings

Located 2km northeast of houtouling, Jinbao village, Wanling town (formerly named Meiling, later named dongpoling because of Zeng Zhongxiu's poems on the Limu mountain of Su Dongpo). At the top of the mountain, there is a stone about eight or nine feet high, which is flat on three sides, with only Tuo on the back. In the 27th year of Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, Zeng Zhong, general manager of Taiping battalion, carved thirteen lines of "pinglile stone" on the front of the stone, and inscribed Sutong in regular script on the lower side There is a poem about polimu mountain, each word is 5 × 8 cm in size. Next engraved Zeng Zhong and Dongpo rhyme a song.

Zeng Zhong, general manager of Taiping Battalion

Li Kou sword

Chinese PinYin : Li Mu Shan