Hangzhou West Lake

The West Lake has been the soul of Hangzhou since ancient times. Su Dongpo, a great writer of the Song Dynasty, once wrote: "among the 36 West Lakes in the world, Hangzhou is the best.". The West Lake, with its three sides of cloud mountains and one water embracing the city, has the natural scenery of "comparing the West Lake with the West Lake, and the heavy make-up and light make-up are always suitable" for all living beings in the world.

The beautiful scenery of Hangzhou West Lake is unique not only in spring, but also in summer with lotus flowers, autumn night with three pools full of moonlight, and winter snow with red plum blossoms. The area along the lake is surrounded by green shade, verdant mountains, picturesque bridges, willows and clouds, winding among the mountains, beautiful forests and deep streams. Among the nearly 100 distinctive parks and scenic spots, there are three autumn osmanthus, six bridge willows, Nine Mile Yunsong and ten mile lotus. There are also the famous "ten sceneries of West Lake" and more than ten new scenic spots with their own characteristics which have been built and opened in recent years. They make the West Lake a colorful garland, making it beautiful in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The appearance of Santan Yinyue landscape on the back of RMB one yuan note also reflects the special status of West Lake in China's scenic spots.

West Lake

synonym

Hangzhou West Lake (Hangzhou West Lake, Zhejiang Province) generally refers to the West Lake (Hangzhou West Lake, Zhejiang Province)

The West Lake is located at No.1 Longjing Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, in the west of Hangzhou city. The total area of the scenic spot is 49 square kilometers, the catchment area is 21.22 square kilometers, and the lake area is 6.38 square kilometers.

West Hunan, West and North are surrounded by mountains. Baidi, SUDI, Yanggong and Zhaogong divide the lake into several water surfaces. The profile of the West Lake is nearly oval, and the bottom of the lake is relatively flat. The average water depth of the lake is 2.27 meters, the deepest is about 5 meters, and the shallowest is less than 1 meter. The natural surface water sources of the lake are Jinsha stream, Longhong stream, Chishan stream (Huiyin stream) and Changqiao stream. The West Lake is located on the edge of hills in Southeast China and the northern edge of the middle subtropical zone. The annual total solar radiation is between 100-110 kcal / cm2, and the sunshine hours are 1800-2100 hours.

There are more than 100 park scenic spots in the West Lake, including "ten sceneries of the West Lake", "ten sceneries of the new West Lake" and "ten sceneries of three reviews of the West Lake". There are more than 60 national, provincial and municipal key cultural relics protection units and more than 20 museums. There are scenic spots such as broken bridge, Leifeng Tower, Qianwang temple, Jingci temple, Su Xiaoxiao tomb, etc.

In 2007, Hangzhou West Lake scenic spot was rated as "national AAAAA scenic spot".

On June 24, 2011, "Hangzhou West Lake Cultural Landscape" was officially listed in the world heritage list.

Historical evolution

In the state of Wu and Yue in the Five Dynasties, the West Lake was not built for many years.

During the period of Jingde in the Song Dynasty, after Qian's return to the Song Dynasty, the troops in the lake were abandoned, and the West Lake was annihilated again. Half of the lake is occupied by monks.

During the Qing Dynasty and Li Dynasty of Song Dynasty, fengtusai was mostly occupied by the powerful families, and the lake water was narrow.

During the reign of song Xining, both Liujing and shengongjing were abandoned.

During the song and Yuan Dynasties, Fengtian on the lake was about 250000 Zhang (about 4100 mu), and nearly half of the West Lake was blocked. The six wells are almost abandoned when the rivers are blocked by ships.

After the first year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty, the residents of Lin'an became more and more prosperous, the rivers became congested, the boats were difficult to navigate, and the West Lake silted up.

During the Chunyou period of the Southern Song Dynasty, the lake dried up due to the severe drought.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the West Lake of the Su dyke was covered with mulberry fields; under the six bridges of the Su dyke, the water flowed like a line.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the West Lake gradually became a flat field, and the water was blocked.

During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1723-1735), Fengtan in the West Lake was seriously damaged. More than 440 mu of lake surface is occupied by tiandang (contract area: 0.29 square kilometers) and more than 3120 mu of lake surface is silted up into shallow sand beach (contract area: 2.08 square kilometers).

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the political affairs department of the Zhejiang military government presided over the demolition of the qiantangmen to yongjinmen city wall and Qiying city wall, opened up a new market, built a lakeside road along the lake, set up a fence 20 meters away from the lake, and planted flowers and trees inside, known as the Lakeside Park.

In 1928, the Zhejiang provincial government built a bronze statue of Chen Yingshi at the third Park pier; the following year, the Zhejiang provincial Party headquarters of the Kuomintang built a "memorial tower for the soldiers killed in the Northern Expedition" at the second pier.

In the spring of 1930, Hangzhou municipal government built the sixth Park in the north of Changsheng Road to qiantangmentou, which was filled with mud from Junhu lake.

In 1933, the Hangzhou municipal government began to build the memorial to the soldiers who died in the battle of Songhu of the 88th division at the fifth Park wharf.

Since 2002, Hangzhou has implemented the free opening of scenic spots around the lake park.

On February 19, 2020, the parks and scenic spots of Hangzhou West Lake scenic area will be opened. Scenic spot real-time tourist volume control, and require all tourists to wear masks to visit.

geographical environment

Location context

The West Lake is located at No.1 Longjing Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, in the west of Hangzhou city. The total area of the scenic spot is 49 square kilometers, and the lake area is 6.38 square kilometers. The central geographic coordinates are 30 ° 14 ′ 45 ″ north latitude and 120 ° 8 ′ 30 ″ east longitude.

Geology and geomorphology

The West Hunan, West and North are surrounded by mountains, the East is adjacent to the urban area, and the south is adjacent to the Qiantang River. Baidi, SUDI, yanggongdi and zhaogongdi in the lake divide the lake into several water surfaces. There are three islands in the lake. The mountains of the West Lake can be divided into four levels from near to far, with the West Lake as the center. The elevation rises from 50 to 400 meters in turn, forming a geomorphic landscape of "overlapping mountains". The West Lake is connected with the first level of the mountains, and the distance from the latter three levels is 1650m, 3450m and 5600m respectively. The elevation angle of the West Lake is within 5 ° when viewing the mountain scenery in the lake.

hydrographic features

The catchment area of the West Lake is 21.22 square kilometers. The annual runoff in the basin is 14 million cubic meters, and the water storage is nearly 14 million cubic meters. The natural alternation of water is once a year. The outline of the West Lake is nearly oval, and the bottom of the lake is relatively flat. The natural surface water sources of the lake are Jinsha stream, Longhong stream, Chishan stream (Huiyin stream) and Changqiao stream. The water level of the lake is kept at 7.15m, ± 0.05m, the highest water level is 7.70m, the lowest water level is 6.92m, and the height difference is 50cm. The storage capacity is about 14.294 million cubic meters. The average water depth of the lake is 2.27 meters, the deepest is about 5 meters, and the shallowest is less than 1 meter. The average annual precipitation of the lake is 5.629 million cubic meters. The scouring coefficient is 1.49. When the gate is closed in dry season, the velocity is equal to 0. Even in flood season, the velocity is only less than 0.05 M / s. The West Lake diverts water from Qiantang River, about 120 million cubic meters per year.)

Climatic characteristics

The West Lake is located on the edge of hills in Southeast China and the northern edge of subtropical zone. The annual total solar radiation is between 100-110 kcal / cm2, sunshine hours are 1800-2100 hours, the light is sufficient, the annual average temperature is 16.2 ℃, and the annual average frost free period is 245 days. There are four distinct seasons throughout the year, alternate with sunny and rainy days, significant alternation of winter and summer monsoon, abundant rainfall, annual precipitation of about 1500 mm and humid air

. The west lake ecosystem can be divided into three subsystems: forest ecosystem, freshwater ecosystem and wetland ecosystem.

natural resources

animal

There are 119 species of birds and more than 20 species of mammals in the West Lake scenic area. There are 38 kinds of waterbirds on the surface of the West Lake. Dingjiashan and Wuguishan are the habitats of egrets, with more than 20000 egrets.

Botany

There are some deciduous broad-leaved tree species in the limestone area of West Lake. The forest ecosystem around the West Lake is mainly composed of evergreen broad-leaved deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest with subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest. There are 1369 species of seed plants belonging to 739 genera and 184 families in the West Lake scenic area, including 28 species of gymnosperms belonging to 19 genera and 7 families, 1273 species of angiosperms belonging to 675 genera and 150 families, and 68 species of pteridophytes belonging to 45 genera and 27 families. There are 21 species of national first-class protected rare plants, such as Phoebe chekiangensis, wild soybean and Bambusa breviflora, and 63 species of national second-class protected plants. There are 5 species of rare plants listed in the national or provincial reserve list, such as Machilus chekiangensis, corydalis violifera, Celastrus linearis, caryopterus veniformis and Phyllostachys Hanzhu.

Old and Famous Trees

There are 620 ancient trees over 100 years old in the West Lake scenic area, belonging to 87 species (or varieties) of 65 genera and 38 families, of which 138 are under first-class protection over 300 years old.

 

Main attractions

overview

There are more than 100 park scenic spots in the West Lake, including sanqiuguizi, liuqiaoyanliu, jiuliyunsong, Shili lotus, ten sceneries of the West Lake, ten sceneries of the new West Lake, and ten sceneries of the three appraisals of the West Lake. There are more than 60 national, provincial and municipal key cultural relics protection units and more than 20 museums.

 

scenic spot

Broken Bridge

The West Lake Bridge is located at the dividing point of Beili lake and waixi Lake in Hangzhou. One end of the bridge crosses Beishan Road and the other end connects Baidi. It is said that the broken bridge had been built as early as the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, it was called Fu Fu Bridge, and in the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Duan Jia

Chinese PinYin : Hang Zhou Xi Hu