Maoershan National Nature Reserve

Maoer Mountain is located in the northwest of Xing'an County, 55 kilometers away from Xing'an County and 81 kilometers away from Guilin city. It spans two counties of Xing'an and Ziyuan, covering an area of 53000 hectares. It is the main peak of Yuechengling, one of the five mountains, with the highest altitude of 2142 meters. It is not only the first peak in Guangxi, but also the first peak in South China. It's named for the cool shape of a crouching cat at the top of the mountain. In 1990, Lu Dingyi inscribed a monument in Laoshanjie, praising Mao'er Mountain as "the grandeur of Mount Tai, the danger of Mount Hua, the seclusion of Mount Lu and the beauty of Emei".

Maoer Mountain is a high mountain scenic spot with 112 species of rare animals and 1436 species of wild plants, including 36 species of Rhododendron. The famous hemlock tree is a precious tree species left over from the ice age. Together with Metasequoia glyptostroboides and Ginkgo biloba, it is known as the "living fossil" of the plant kingdom. In addition, Liriodendron, the most representative primitive species of Magnoliaceae, is a well-known tertiary relic plant, which is preserved in a certain amount in the BEIGOU valley of Maoer Shanxi Province. In addition, there are 20 rare species, such as Maoer excrement, which is the representative of the original species of akebiaceae, and new record plants in Guangxi, such as Litsea angustifolia, Euonymus javanica, Rhododendron elongatus, Podocarpus gnathoides, Patrinia heterophylla, etc. Mao'er Mountain is named after a granite boulder at its peak, which looks like a crouching cat's head. Maoer Mountain is the main peak of mountain crossing, with an altitude of 2141.5 meters. It stands in Huajiang Yao Township, Xing'an County, Guilin City, as the highest peak in South China.

Maoershan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi

synonym

Maoershan National Nature Reserve generally refers to Guangxi Maoershan National Nature Reserve

Maoershan National Nature Reserve, located at the junction of Xing'an County, Ziyuan County and Longsheng County of Guilin, is in the center of Great Northern Guangxi tourist area, with a total area of 17008.5 hectares, including 7759.0 hectares of core area, 3635.4 hectares of buffer area and 5614.1 hectares of experimental area. The scope of the reserve includes Laoshanjie, gaozhaidaiyunshan, changchangmaojie and other areas.

Due to its special geographical location and high biodiversity conservation value, the nature reserve is one of the most well preserved areas of the original subtropical mountain evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest with the most typical characteristics in the world. It is listed as one of the 14 key areas of terrestrial biodiversity with international significance and 16 hotspot areas of biodiversity in China. There are 2484 species of higher plants, 345 species of vertebrates, including 71 species of mammals, 145 species of birds, 39 species of reptiles, including 5 species of first class national protection, 32 species of second class protection, and 3300 species of insects. It is known as "green treasure house of Nanling Mountains in China".

In 1976, Maoershan Nature Reserve was established for operation and management.

In 2003, it was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council. The main protected objects of the reserve are primary subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem, national protected wild animal and plant species, and water conservation forest at the source of the three rivers.

Location range

Maoershan Nature Reserve is located in the northeast of Guangxi and the north of Guilin city. It belongs to the Nanling Mountain Yuechengling mountain system. The main peak of Maoershan is 2141.5 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak in South China. It is known as "the top of Wuling Mountain, the top of South China", "Xiujia South China, Gaoling Bagui". The geographical coordinates are 110 ° 19 ′～ 110 ° 31 ′ e, 25 ° 44 ′～ 25 ° 58 ′ n, 20 km wide from east to west and 23 km long from north to south. The nature reserve is located at the junction of Xing'an County, Ziyuan County and Longsheng County of Guilin City, and is in the center of the Great Northern Guangxi tourist area, with a total area of 17008.5 hectares, including 7759.0 hectares of core area, 3635.4 hectares of buffer area and 5614.1 hectares of experimental area. The scope of the reserve includes Laoshanjie, gaozhaidaiyunshan, changchangmaojie and other areas.

Evolution of organizational system

In 1976, Maoershan Nature Reserve was established for operation and management.

In 2003, it was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council.

Protected objects

The main protected objects of the reserve are primary subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem, national protected wild animal and plant species, and water conservation forest at the source of the three rivers.

Due to its special geographical location and high biodiversity conservation value, the nature reserve is one of the most well preserved areas of the original subtropical mountain evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest with the most typical characteristics in the world. It is listed as one of the 14 key areas of terrestrial biodiversity with international significance and 16 hotspot areas of biodiversity in China. There are 2484 species of higher plants, 345 species of vertebrates, including 71 species of mammals, 145 species of birds, 39 species of reptiles, including 5 species of first class national protection, 32 species of second class protection, and 3300 species of insects. It is known as "green treasure house of Nanling Mountains in China".

Maoershan Forest area covers an area of nearly 400000 mu, covering Huajiang Yao Township, Jinshi Township, Liangshui Township, Chetian Township, Zhongfeng township of Ziyuan County and Jiangdi township of Longsheng Autonomous County, of which 107450 Mu is designated as National Nature Reserve.

Maoershan Forest area is characterized by tall and straight mountains, deep valleys, slopes of 30-35 degrees, overhanging cliffs of 100 meters high, and clear spring waterfalls of tens of meters high. In the bajiaotian area with an altitude of 1950-2000 meters, an Intermountain basin with an area of about 3560 Mu is formed, in which hills fluctuate and ravines crisscross. At an altitude of 1600 meters, there are 36 hills, with deep clouds and heavy fog, dense forests and bamboos, covering an area of about 800 mu.

The climate in Maoershan Forest area is complex, with great changes in some areas. The temperature difference between the top of the mountain, the foot of the mountain and the valley can reach 10 ℃ ~ 14 ℃, the average annual temperature at the top of the mountain is about 7 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 23 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is minus 19 ℃, the air pressure is about 800 MB, the relative humidity is often more than 90%, the annual precipitation is more than 2100 mm, the rainy season is from February to June, and the rainy day is about 80%. Three fourths of the year is full of clouds and fog, especially in the area with an altitude of 1000-2000 meters (8-28 km of highway), a cloud layer is often formed, and only about 50% of the clear weather occurs in July to September. November is the cold winter season, snow and ice will last for four months. The annual wind is strong, and increases with the elevation. Except for the south wind in midsummer, the other seasons are mainly northerly. This special climate condition forms the different characteristics of animals, plants and soil in Maoershan Forest Area. The soil in Maoershan Forest area belongs to mountain low forest soil above 2000 meters above sea level. There are deep peat soil (swamp soil) in bajiaotian basin. 1800-1200 m is yellow brown soil. It is mountainous yellow soil in the range of 1200-700m, with grass growing yellow soil in between. Below 700 meters are yellow red soil and mountain red soil. The parent rock is mostly hard granite above 1800 meters above sea level, and shale and slate appear at about 1800 meters above sea level. Below 1800 meters above sea level, most of them are soft granite, and there are sandstone and kaolin in the section about 900 meters above sea level. The soil of the whole forest region is loose and moist, with high content of organic matter and rich mineral nutrition, which provides favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of plants. Maoershan is an important water source forest area, especially in bajiaotian basin, there are 1120 mu of peat soil, which has strong water storage and water conservation performance. The water storage capacity is generally more than 80% by volume, and the water storage capacity in the driest period is 900000 cubic meters, which is called "green natural reservoir" by the masses. In the forest area, there are many streams, and there are 39 rivers named "Jiang" and "he" by local people. Among them, 19 rivers flow into the Darong River to the Lijiang River, which is the birthplace of the Lijiang River. There are 747 species and 50 varieties of 152 families, 374 genera in Maoershan Forest Area. Among them, there are 534 species of woody plants belonging to 87 families, mainly in subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen coniferous trees in some areas. Maoershan Forest area is also a good breeding place for precious animals and economic animals. According to the investigation and statistics of Guangxi precious animal resources investigation team in September 1978, there are 112 species of animals, belonging to 46 families, 22 orders, 4 classes, among which the yellow bellied Tragopan belongs to the first class of national protected animals. There are 15 species of national second class protected animals, such as Cervus, Tragopan, Macaca mulatta, bear, musk deer, giant salamander, water deer, hyena, great civet, little civet, golden cat, Silver Pheasant, Golden Chicken and pangolin. The unique animal and plant communities in the subtropical high-altitude mountains formed in the Maoershan Forest area are not only a natural water source forest, but also a valuable scientific research site and wild resource utilization base. Maoer Mountain is high and steep, with broad forests and dense trees. You can see Guilin city when you climb the peak on a sunny day. There is a TV station on the top of the mountain. Maoershan Nature Reserve has become an important part of Guilin Tourist Area.

Maoershan, the highest peak, is 2141.5m above sea level, which is the highest in South China. The natural vegetation types are mainly coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, shrub, grass and so on, while the artificial vegetation types are mainly Cryptomeria fortunei forest, timber forest and so on. The nature reserve is mainly distributed in mountain yellow red soil, mountain yellow soil, mountain yellow brown soil and mountain meadow soil.

The reserve is rich in resources, with 311 species of terrestrial wild animals. At present, there are 36 species of national key protected wild animals, including

Chinese PinYin : Mao Er Shan Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu