Pinus koraiensis broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain

Pinus koraiensis broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain

Pinus koraiensis is a precious tree species in Northeast China. The coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by Pinus koraiensis is the most representative forest type in Northeast China. In 1958, Heilongjiang Province established Fenglin Nature Reserve, covering an area of 18400 hectares, on the south slope of Xiaoxing'anling, where Korean pine forests are most concentrated.

Growth habit

Fenglin Nature Reserve has a gentle terrain, with an altitude of 280-683 meters. It is a slope like low mountain and hilly land

And broad valley, Fenglin River and Tangwang River tributaries throughout the region. Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by Pinus koraiensis grows in cold temperate semi humid climate. There are 568 species of higher plants in the area. Pinus koraiensis is a native tree species in Northeast China, with Xiaoxing'an Mountains and Changbai Mountains as its distribution centers. Pinus koraiensis in Fenglin Nature reserve accounts for more than 80% of the total number and volume of trees. Korean pine is famous for its excellent materials and various uses. The height of Pinus koraiensis is up to 30-40 meters. The material is soft, easy to process and not easy to crack. It is an excellent timber for building. In addition to Korean pine forest, there are many kinds of coniferous and broad-leaved forests in the area, such as Pinus koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Fraxinus mandshurica, pineapple, Juglans mandshurica, clove, etc. The mountain grape, Schisandra and other herbs under the forest add to the characteristics of the forest. In early spring, mountain flowers are brilliant and birds sing together; in midsummer, ancient trees are towering and lush; in late autumn, mountain scenery is gorgeous; in autumn and winter, it is forbidden to wear plain clothes.

Pinus koraiensis coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is the most representative vegetation type in the humid area of Northeast China. The reserve not only preserves the precious resources of Pinus koraiensis, but also becomes a natural museum and species gene bank, which provides good conditions for biological workers to study the ecology, community change, development and succession of Pinus koraiensis coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.

On October 23, 2005, the list of the most beautiful places in China was released in Beijing. Among the top ten most beautiful forests in China, Changbai Mountain Korean pine broad-leaved mixed forest ranks among them.

Introduction of Korean pine

Pinus koraiensis is a famous precious economic tree. Its trunk is thick and strong, so two people can't hold it hand in hand. Tree height into the cloud, straight straight, is the natural pillar of the wood. Pinus koraiensis is light and soft in material, fine in structure, dense and straight in texture, beautiful in shape and color, not easy to deform, and has strong resistance to decay. Therefore, it is the first-class wood for buildings, bridges, sleepers and furniture. Even the branches, bark and roots of Korean pine can be used to make pulp and fiberboard. Industrial raw materials such as turpentine, pine needle oil and rosin can also be extracted from pine roots, leaves and resin.

Pinus koraiensis is a rare tree species, only distributed in the northeast of China from Changbai Mountain to Xiaoxing'anling. Foreign countries are only distributed in Japan, North Korea and part of Russia. In recent years, Artificial Korean pine forests have been cultivated in mountainous areas, semi mountainous areas and forest farms. And as a green tree species, it has gone from the remote mountains into the noisy town market.

The landscape belt of coniferous broadleaved mixed forest is below 1000 meters above sea level. Vegetation grows on the flat platform composed of basalt, which is the representative of the horizontal distribution of mountain plants in China. Mountain brown forest soil is the main soil type in this belt, and swamp soil is developed in the valley with poor drainage and closed swamp. Pinus koraiensis coniferous broadleaved mixed type is the main representative type in this zone. There are lots of Larix olgensis growing on the water wetland, and some plots of Pinus sylvestris growing on the north side. The trunk of Changbai pine is straight, the bark is red and yellow, the crown is short, the tree posture is male and beautiful, also known as Meiren pine.

The proportion of coniferous and broad-leaved trees varies regularly with altitude. Conifers increase with altitude, and broadleaved trees decrease with altitude. Because the terrain is gentle, the climate is mild and humid, and there is a good mountain dark brown forest soil under the forest, the plant species are very rich, the lianas are very luxuriant, the community structure is more complex, the forest is dense, and the trunk is tall. Due to the wide variety of plants, lush growth, rich food for wild animals, there are many kinds of animals in the belt, and more than 200 kinds of vertebrates in Changbai Mountain, most of them inhabit in this belt.

Related animals and plants

The original coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain is often magnificent in appearance. It has not only various species, but also complex structure. It can be divided into tree, shrub and herb. Pinus koraiensis is the representative plant species of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The height of tree is often 30-40 meters, which is the first layer. Pinus koraiensis is a semi shade tree. Its young trees need to develop in the dark. Its trunk is straight and large, its material is good, and its use is wide. It is one of the rare trees in Changbai Mountain. In addition to Korean pine, the first layer of conifers includes Larix olgensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus ichthyosana, and a few Taxus. Broad leaved trees are: elm, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Populus davidiana, etc.

The shrub species in the mixed forest are also quite rich. The representative shrubs are hazelnut, acanthopanax senticosus, Euonymus japonicus, Lonicera japonica, Sambucus williamsii, Rubus, Rosa davurica, etc.

Under the mixed forest, there are more herbaceous plants, often forming small pure groups, the higher one can reach more than one meter, and the lower one is only about 10 cm. Common are eggplant, cotton horse, Equisetum, fern, Adiantum palmatum, moss and so on. Lianas in mixed forest are very developed, mainly including Vitis amurensis, Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus jujuba, Akebia chinensis, Schisandra chinensis, etc. They are often closely intertwined between trees and shrubs, making it very difficult for people to cross. It is quite a subtropical forest scene.

The mammals in this belt include Siberian tiger, black bear, weasel, otter, sika deer, red deer, wild boar, etc., the birds include mandarin duck, white bellied orchid, great azalea, three precious birds, etc., the reptiles include viper, Songhua snake, grass lizard, etc., the amphibians are mainly Oviductus Ranae (forest frog, frog), and the fish are mainly small scale fish, green scale fish and other mountain cold water fish.

Get evaluation

On October 23, 2005, the list of the most beautiful places in China was released in Beijing. Sponsored by National Geographic of China and co sponsored by 34 media across the country, the event lasted for 8 months and won three categories of awards, namely "experts association group", "media follower group" and "Internet mobile popularity group". "Media group" and "popularity group" produced 12 award-winning places by media voting, netizens voting and mobile phone users voting respectively. The awards of "expert society group" launched by National Geographic magazine of China are unique, which are divided into 15 types: mountain, lake, forest, grassland, desert, Yadan landform, island, coast, waterfall, glacier, canyon, urban area, rural ancient town, tourist cave, swamp and wetland. Among them, Changbai Mountain Korean pine broad-leaved mixed forest is rated as one of the ten most beautiful forests in China.

Address: Wuying District, Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province

Longitude: 129.19529262455

Latitude: 48.1328426928

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bai Shan Hong Song Kuo Ye Hun Jiao Lin