Xuzhou Han culture scenic spot

The culture of the Han Dynasty -- the tomb of Chu king in lion mountain and the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty!

Xuzhou Han culture scenic spot

Xuzhou Han culture scenic spot is located at No.1, terracotta warriors Road, Third Ring Road, Yunlong District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. The whole scenic spot starts from the Third Ring Road in the East, ends at Longhai line in the south, Beijing Shanghai line in the west, and ends at Camel Mountain in the North. It is a Han culture protection base and boutique scenic spot integrating history exhibition, garden landscape, tourism and leisure.

Xuzhou Han culture scenic area covers an area of 1400 mu, which is composed of core area and extension area. The core area is composed of Shizishan Chu mausoleum, Han terracotta warriors Museum, Han Culture Exchange Center (displaying the art of Chinese statues), Liu's ancestral hall, Zhulin temple, yangguishan Pavilion (Queen's Mausoleum), underwater terracotta warriors Museum and other Han culture essence scenic spots, and the extension area includes Han culture square, Han Culture Museum, Han Culture Museum, and so on Public leisure square, chess tea garden, archaeological simulation base, grass skiing field and other attractions. It includes the Han tombs, terracotta warriors and horses, and Han painted statues, which are known as the "three wonders of the Han Dynasty", and shows the essence of the Han culture. It is the largest, richest and most abundant Han culture protection base in Xuzhou.

Xuzhou Han culture scenic spot presents a three-dimensional history of the Han Dynasty. It has become the largest Han culture theme park in China and a national 4A level cultural tourism area with the integration of "two Han and three unique features".

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers who are struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, the scenic spot will implement a free visit policy for medical workers with valid certificates (doctor's certificate and nurse's certificate) from the date of resumption of operation to December 31, 2020.

history

In 178 BC or 174 BC (the early period of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty), the king of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty began to build a mausoleum in the Shizishan area southeast of Pengcheng, the capital of Chu. Archaeology infers that the king of Chu died and was buried no later than 154 BC (the third year of emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty).

In the early 1980s, a number of terracotta figures of cavalry and Army history were unearthed in lion rock area.

At the end of 1984, the terracotta warriors and horses of Han Dynasty were found in the south of shizishanxiyuan, Xuzhou.

In 1985, No. 1, No. 2 and No. 4 pits of terracotta warriors were excavated: Xuzhou Museum of Han terracotta warriors and horses was established, and the hall of the pit site was completed and opened.

In 1986, the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty in Shizishan mountain were announced as the "cultural relics protection unit of Xuzhou City": "cultural relics" published a brief report on the archaeological excavation of the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou.

In 1987, a pit (No. 6 pit) of the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty was discovered in the north of the west of Shizi, and the main Tomb of the terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty was explored.

In 1988, the second large-scale scientific instrument survey of the main tomb was carried out.

In 1989, a burial pit for chariots, horses and pottery figurines of the Han Dynasty was found on the north side of lion rock.

In 1990, the third large-scale instrumental exploration of the main tomb was carried out, and two large-scale accompanying tombs of nobles in Chu king's cemetery of Western Han Dynasty were excavated on Xiuqiu mountain.

In 1991, traces of the tomb path of the king of Chu were found on the south slope of the main peak of lion mountain, 300 meters east of the pit.

In 1992, the No.1 pit of terracotta warriors and horses of Han Dynasty in Xuzhou was renovated, and the tomb of Chu king in Shizishan was excavated to investigate the shape of the tomb.

In 1993, he declared to excavate the main Tomb of the Han terracotta warriors and horses in Xuzhou, the tomb of King Chu in Shizishan.

In 1994, a plan for the excavation and protection of the tomb of the king of Chu in Shizishan was formulated: Xuzhou Museum of terracotta warriors and horses and Nanjing Museum jointly organized the excavation of the tomb of the king of Chu.

In 1995, the archaeological excavation of the tomb of the king of Chu was successfully completed, and it was announced as the "provincial key cultural relics protection unit": the Underground Palace exhibition hall of the tomb of the king of Chu was completed and opened.

In 1996, the tomb of the king of Chu in Shizishan was named "the first of the ten new archaeological discoveries in China in 1995": the tomb of the king of Chu in Shizishan and its accompanying terracotta warriors and horses pit were announced as the fourth batch of "national key cultural relics protection units" by the state Council.

In 1997, an archaeological survey was carried out on the Shizishan mountains on the East and west sides of the Chu mausoleum.

In 1998, the research on the iron armor unearthed from the mausoleum of the king of Chu was included in the national cultural relic research project: cultural relics and Archaeology published a brief report on the mausoleum of the king of Chu and archaeological harvest.

In 1999, the Queen's mausoleum in the Chu king's mausoleum area was investigated.

In 2000, at the construction site of the strange stone market in the east of lion mountain, pottery figurines buried with them and architectural relics of the cemetery were found.

In 2001, a small burial pit with several standing terracotta soldiers was found in the yard of the original waste collection station in the north of lion mountain.

In 2002, more than 200 standing terracotta warriors and horses were unearthed from a construction demolition site in northern Shandong Province.

In 2003, during the demolition of the buildings in the northern part of Shizi mountain, another burial pit was found, with more than 80 standing terracotta warriors unearthed. In the northeast of the mausoleum area, a building site of the mausoleum of the king of Chu in the Western Han Dynasty with an ambulatory was found.

In 2004, we cooperated with Nanjing University to explore Shizishan and yangguishan to the north of Shizishan, which is a large-scale accompanying mausoleum with a three room rammed earth platform. We comprehensively explored the area to be built in the north of Shizishan, and found a large-scale group of sacrificial pits in Chu king's mausoleum, including terracotta warriors pit, food utensils pit and chariot horse pit.

In 2005, the national heritage site protection project, the tomb reinforcement project of the Chu King Mausoleum in Shizishan, was completed; three burial pits, including bronzes, Figurine pits and horse pits, were excavated in the northern Chu King Mausoleum in Shizishan; the new museum of terracotta warriors and horses in Xuzhou was opened, and the Han culture scenic spot in Xuzhou based on the Chu King Mausoleum in Shizishan was established as a key cultural tourism development project in Xuzhou Objective to complete the first phase construction project of the Chu mausoleum protection area and the Han culture square.

geographical environment

geographical position

Xuzhou Han culture scenic spot starts from the Third Ring Road in the East, ends at Longhai line in the south, Beijing Shanghai line in the West and Camel Mountain in the north. It is located at No.1 terracotta warriors Road, Third Ring Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province.

climatic conditions

Xuzhou Han culture scenic area is a warm temperate monsoon climate zone, which is greatly affected by the southeast monsoon. The annual sunshine hours are 2284 to 2495 hours, the sunshine rate is 52% to 57%, the annual temperature is 14 ℃, the average annual frost free period is 200 to 220 days, the average annual precipitation is 800 to 930 mm, and the precipitation in rainy season accounts for 56% of 2012. The climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, sufficient light, moderate rainfall and the same period of rain and heat. Among the four seasons, spring and autumn are short, winter and summer are long, the weather in spring is changeable, summer is hot and rainy, autumn is crisp, winter cold wave is frequent.

scenic spot

Han Culture Square

Han culture square, the main entrance of the scenic spot, is about 280 meters long from east to west and 90 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 18000 square meters, taking a regular and solemn axial symmetry pattern. Its spatial orientation is east-west, with entrance square, Sinan, chronology of Han Dynasty events, historical and cultural gallery, Biyong square and other scenic spots arranged in turn, and the bronze statue of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, stands at the end, forming a complete spatial sequence. The square is paved with imitation Han bricks as the main material, and the patterns are the common decorative patterns such as cloud pattern in Han Dynasty portraits. A small amount of waterscape was designed around the chronology of Han Dynasty. The use of water can not only form a rigid and soft contrast with stone, but also become a means to connect various scenic spots in the cultural square of the Han Dynasty. Moreover, water has a unique effect in the design of garden square. Tourists can feel the magnificent spirit of "a spoon of water can make a thousand miles in the river", and appreciate the charm of the long history of Han culture. The design of the square is like a three-dimensional space of Han Fu. Through the four chapters of "Qi", "Cheng", "Zhuan" and "he", the ancient charm of Han style is naturally presented.

Sculpture square

The sculpture square of the cultural scenic spot is located outside the South Gate of the Han cultural scenic spot, covering an area of 19000 square meters. The sculpture is 50 meters long, 20 meters wide and 12 meters high. The sculpture takes granite as its base and combines bronze and granite statues.

Sculpture creation is based on historical data, with local excerpts as the basic elements of sculpture creation. At the same time, it is located in the level of the king of Chu as the king of princes, echoing with the mausoleum of the king of Chu. The group sculpture mainly describes the scene of the Han Dynasty stone reliefs, which is composed of eight bronze horses, three stone horses, nine bronze men and two stone men. The king of Chu was in the middle of a carriage drawn by four horses, with the prime minister in the carriage and two horsemen behind. The whole group sculpture is located in the center of the square, facing east in the West.

Xuzhou, as the birthplace of Han culture, creates large-scale sculptures of "traveling by car and horse", which highlights the profound foundation and historical status of Han culture. While deepening the connotation of Han culture scenic spots, it also becomes one of the symbols of Xuzhou City's cultural image.

More than 300 large-scale arbors, such as camphor and camphor, are planted in the sculpture square of the Han culture scenic spot, as well as cherry blossom, red maple and other flowering shrubs.

Mausoleum of the king of Chu

Located in the core area of Han culture scenic spot, the tomb of King Chu in Shizishan is the tomb of Liu Wu, the third generation of King Chu who was enfeoffed in Xuzhou in the early Western Han Dynasty. The terracotta warriors and horses of the Han Dynasty, 300 meters to the west, symbolize the troops guarding the mausoleum of the king of Chu. The mausoleum of the king of Chu was carved into a mountain for burial, with a peculiar structure and a huge project. The amount of stone chiseled was as high as 5100 cubic meters. More than 2000 sets of precious cultural relics such as gold, silver, copper, iron, jade and pottery were unearthed from the tomb. Among them, a jade garment with golden thread, a coffin inlaid with jade lacquer, a jade flute, a gold belt buckle and so on with the largest quantity and the best quality of jade pieces were unearthed in China

Chinese PinYin : Xu Zhou Han Wen Hua Jing Qu