Yangxin Hall

Yangxin Hall

Yangxin hall was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, located in the west of Qianqing palace. In the Qing Dynasty, eight emperors successively lived in Yangxin hall. Yangxin hall is 94.8 meters long from north to South and 81.3 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 7707 square meters.

In December 2015, Yangxin hall started its first overhaul in more than 100 years. It has been 35 years since its last partial maintenance.

On March 17, 2016, the renovation of Yangxin hall received an anonymous donation of 80 million yuan from Hong Kong businessmen.

On September 3, 2018, the Beijing Palace Museum officially launched the renovation of Yangxin hall.

After more than two months of research, opening and repair, the treasure box "the universe inside" was made public, and the traditional built-in objects such as grains, five stones and five medicines and 24 pieces of gold coins were rediscovered.

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Historical evolution

Yangxin hall was built in Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, located in the west of Qianqing palace. Emperor Shunzhi died here in the early Qing Dynasty. The builders of the Forbidden City only regarded the Yangxin hall as a palace for the emperor to rest temporarily, that's all. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, it used to be a workshop of the palace manufacturing office, specializing in making imperial articles.

Yangxin hall is 94.8 meters long from north to South and 81.3 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 7707 square meters. Yangxin hall is an I-shaped hall. The front hall is three rooms wide, 36m wide, three rooms deep and 12m deep. Yellow glazed tile Xie peak, between the Ming Dynasty, the West indirect volume shed Baoxia.

The hall was rebuilt in Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty. During the two hundred years from Yongzheng to the end of Qing Dynasty, emperors lived and carried out daily activities here. The main hall has a throne and a royal case. There is a bookshelf behind the throne, which contains the works about the experience and lessons of the emperors of the past dynasties, especially for the new emperors. Some officials were often brought here to meet the emperor before promotion and transfer. This kind of ceremony is called "Introduction". Xijian was an important place for the emperor to read memorials and plan military and political activities with the Minister of military aircraft.

In the late Qing Dynasty, there were more than 780 furnishings in the palace. From the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, Qianqing palace was the emperor's bedroom. After the death of Emperor Kangxi, his son Emperor Yongzheng, in order to show filial piety, did not live in Qianqing palace, but lived in Yangxin palace. Later, Emperor Yongzheng took Yangxin hall as his bedroom, and did not move to Qianqing palace. Another reason is that Yongzheng lived in the simply decorated Yangxin hall to set an example for the people of the world. From Yongzheng to Xuantong, there were eight emperors living in Yangxin hall in the Qing Dynasty. Shunzhi, Qianlong and Tongzhi emperors died in Yangxin hall.

In the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), Emperor Kangxi received the Pope's envoy Jiale here, personally received the Pope's seal, and gave Jiale some clothes and utensils. The small house in the outer courtyard of Yangxin hall was the place where eunuchs were on duty. Officials were waiting for the emperor to summon them.

In 1861, after the death of emperor Xianfeng, the Empress Dowager used a stratagem to get rid of the eight assistant ministers, so as to control the imperial power. When the Tongzhi and Guangxu emperors were young, the dongnuange in the front hall of Yangxin hall was the place where the East empress dowager (empress Ci'an) and the West empress dowager (empress Cixi) listened to the government from behind the curtain. At that time, the little emperor sat in the front seat, and the empress dowagers of the two palaces sat in the back seat, separated by a yellow curtain. All the decisions were made by the empress dowagers of the two palaces behind the yellow curtain. Among them, the Empress Dowager ruled China for 48 years in the way of "listening to the government behind the curtain".

On March 16, 2016, Shan Jixiang, President of the Palace Museum in Beijing, said that the "research protection project" of Yangxin hall in the Palace Museum required a total of 220 million yuan. Previously, Chen Qizong, chairman of Henglong real estate, and Cui ruchuo, a contemporary master of traditional Chinese painting, donated 140 million yuan, with a difference of 80 million yuan. Some Hong Kong businessmen expressed their willingness to donate 80 million yuan.

On September 3, 2018, the Beijing Palace Museum officially launched the renovation of Yangxin hall.

Two presidents of the Palace Museum ascended the roof of the Yangxin hall. The tiles were uncovered. A tin treasure box with a painted dragon on the outside is now in the world. The year of Jiaqing is marked as "the sixth year of Jiaqing".

building structure

Yangxin hall is an I-shaped hall. The front hall is 7 rooms wide, 36 meters wide, 3 rooms deep and 12 meters deep. Yellow glazed tile Hill roof, Ming, West indirect volume shed Baoxia. The front eaves column position, each adds two square columns, the appearance looks like 9. The name of Yangxin temple comes from Mencius' "Yangxin Mo is good at lacking desire", which means: "the best way to cultivate one's mind is to reduce desire. In order to improve the lighting, Yangxin palace became the first palace with glass in the Forbidden City. The throne of the emperor was set in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with a plaque of "Zhongzheng Renhe" written by Yongzheng. In the east of the Ming Dynasty, there was a throne in the "dongnuange". To the west, there were two empresses dowagers, Cixi and Ci'an. The West warm Pavilion on the west side of the Ming Dynasty is divided into several rooms. There is a small room for the emperor to read memorials and talk with ministers. It is called "diligent and virtuous". There are Sanxi hall, the reading place of Emperor Qianlong, Xiaofo hall and Meiwu, which are places for the emperor to offer Buddhism and rest.

The back hall of Yangxin hall is the emperor's bedroom. There are five rooms in total. The East and West rooms are bedrooms, each with beds. The emperor can live at will. There are five ear rooms on both sides of the back hall. The east room is where the queen lives, and the west room is where the imperial concubine lives. During the reign of Tongzhi, when the empress dowagers of the two palaces listened to the government from behind the curtain, Ci'an lived in the "tishun hall" on the east side, and Ci Xi lived in the "Yanxi hall" on the west side. It was very convenient for her to step on the front hall at any time and deal with government affairs. There are more than ten enclosed rooms on both sides of the palace. The rooms are small and simple. They are temporary places for concubines to live when they are waiting.

There is a glazed gate in front of Yangxin hall, which is called "Yangxin gate". There is a long and narrow courtyard outside the gate. In 1750, three company rooms were built here. The height of the rooms is less than the wall, and the depth is less than 4m. It is the duty place for eunuchs, bodyguards and officials on duty. It is now on display in the palace.

Architectural pattern

West layout

In front of the Qianqing palace, there is the Yuehua gate in the west, which is a long street in the West. Directly opposite the gate is the glazed gate with the wall - Zunyi gate, also known as the dining room gate. In front of the entrance is the yellow glazed screen wall, followed by the courtyard of Yangxin hall, which is the first one to enter the East-West transverse length. There are three corridor rooms with eaves and ridges under the west, Southeast and northeast walls of the courtyard, with a total of 34 rooms. Built in the 15th year of Qianlong reign, it was the duty room for eunuchs.

South layout

The center of the south is yangxinmen, which faces south. Xieshan yellow glazed tile gate building, the entrance is wooden screen wall, archway style, the middle door can be opened, but usually do not open, only when the emperor in and out of Yangxin hall. Around Zhaobi is the main hall of Yangxin hall, which is 63 meters long from north to south, 80 meters wide from east to west and covers an area of 5000 square meters. The whole courtyard is divided into front yard (front hall of Yangxin Hall) and back yard (back bedroom Hall).

Main buildings

Front of main hall

The main hall has a width of 7 rooms (36 meters) and a depth of 3 rooms (12 meters). The yellow glazed tile single eaves rest on the top of the mountain. In front of the main room, the west second room and the west little room, there is a rolling shed hanging on the top of the mountain. The three main rooms in the middle are an open room. It has four characters "Zhongzheng Renhe" written by Yongzheng. Behind the screen, there are two small doors leading to the back hall, which are called tianche and andon. The north wall is divided by books, the east wall is separated by the west wall, and the south wall has a door leading to the East and West warm Pavilion.

Dongnuange

Dongnuange is the second room in the East and the tip room, which is divided into two rooms in the north-south direction. In the south room, there is a Kang by the window, and in the east wall, there are two seats in the West. In the southwest of dongnuange, there was a "bright window" for the emperor to write on New Year's day every year. The north room is divided into two rooms: the East and the West. There is no window in the East. The bed is near the north wall. It is the emperor's bedroom during fasting. There is an immortal tower in this room, which was originally used as a place for Buddha. The west room is close to the North window, and the North window of the West small room has a throne. There are plaques such as "Suian room" and "Jisuo Tuo", which are written by the emperor. Later, the plaque was moved to the bed of the East chamber. "Ji Suo Tuo" was originally a back room and a middle room, but it was changed to "Shou Yu Chun Hui" in the late Qing Dynasty.

West warm Pavilion

The West warm Pavilion is the west second room and the tip room. It is divided into two rooms, the north and the south. The front room is the "Sanxi hall" in the west, and the forehead is the imperial pen of Qianlong. It is named after the three calligraphy posts of Wang, the great calligrapher of Jin Dynasty. On the east wall, there is a small door leading to the middle room, which is a place where the emperor summoned his ministers. In order to keep secret, a wooden wall was set up outside the south window. In the East is a corridor with a door to the back room. The back room is also separated by a small room. The west room is called "Changchun Library". The east room is "tireless studio". There is a Buddhist hall in Qianlong's room. The heart nourishing hall and the West ear hall are "Meiwu", which was added in the 39th year of Qianlong. Hall face south, 1, yellow glazed tile hard top.

Front hall east side hall

The front hall, the east side hall, was built in the Ming Dynasty, with five broad front porches and yellow glazed tiles on the top of the mountain. It was originally named "Fu Ren Zhai". Open the door in the open room, and the window between the East and the West and the tip. The regulation of the west side hall is the same as that of the east side hall. There was no hall name in the Qing Dynasty. After Yongzheng, a Buddhist hall was set up here. It was a special Buddhist hall for the emperor.

Back hall

Pass through the two small doors of "andon and tianche" in the center of Yangxin hall, and then go straight to the back hall. The back hall is five rooms wide, with yellow glazed tiles on the top of the mountain. It was called "hanchunshi" in Ming Dynasty, but no hall in Qing Dynasty. Zhengjiane said, "Qianyuan Zishi" is a Kang near the north wall, and the south of zhengjiane is a hall connected with the front hall, forming an I-shaped hall. The window between the East and the west is the window. West tip between the "huazi hall" inside the bed, West

Chinese PinYin : Yang Xin Dian