stage

The stage was built by Bao Shiyi, a guerrilla General of Jiayuguan in 1792. It was a place of entertainment for the city's garrison officers and soldiers, the city's residents and the past business. It is a typical traditional Chinese stage. The front and back stages are separated by a wooden screen. Eight figures are drawn in the center of the screen, which is the content of "Eight Immortals". The top is the traditional Chinese pattern "Eight Diagrams". On both sides is a group of murals, the content is the temple monks and nuns nunnery nunnery and the beauty of the nunnery. These paintings are very rare on other stages. On both sides of the stage, there is a couplet "parting, joys and sorrows, acting in the past, and foolish, virtuous, loyal and sycophantic recognizing on the spot".

stage

The stage is a special place for opera performance. From the earliest "terrace" to the three-dimensional stage in Jin Dynasty, to the Yuan Dynasty, it is very common for the stage to be divided into front and back stages, which is an important sign of the maturity of opera. Its appearance and changes also reflect the rise and evolution of opera art from one side.

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Stage, a stage for performance.

"Outlaws of the marsh" the fifth time: "gongs and drums ring, that Bai Xiuying morning stage, pay homage to the four."

The second chapter of Lao Can's Travels: "the Ming Lake was originally a big opera garden, with more than 100 tables in front of the stage."

Ba Jin's "home" 30: "in the middle gate, the place facing the main room, with the threshold as the boundary, has arranged an exquisite stage."

Detailed introduction

Stage is the stage of drama, which is a special place for drama performance. The ancient Chinese stage is basically a wooden structure, which can be roughly divided into single-layer and double-layer from the height. The single-layer stage is built on a platform with a height of about 1 meter; the double-layer stage is built on the passageway with a height of about 2 meters. From the perspective of opening, it can be divided into one-sided view and three sided view, and there are also some between them.

From the perspective of the wooden structure of the stage, most of the four corner pillars are set with sparrows to replace the Big Dipper, and four large architraves are set on the big dipper to form a huge box. Below the box is the performance area with large space, and above it bears the weight of the whole roof. This kind of architectural form of the forehead square is very beneficial to the stage with large space. On the stage of Wei village and Wang Qu in the early Yuan Dynasty, an auxiliary column was set at the rear third of both sides, and a gable was built behind the column to connect with the back wall. An account could be set between the two auxiliary columns, which divided the stage into two parts: the front stage and the back stage. There were no Gables on both sides of the front stage, which could be viewed from three sides. This kind of stage can be proved in the stage models of the Jin tombs of Macun and Houma in Jishan County, Shanxi Province. As for the tabernacle divided by the front and back platforms, it can be seen in the murals of the Yuan Dynasty in the mingyingwang Hall of the water temple of Guangsheng temple in Hongdong. However, this way of construction changed in Dongyang and Caogong stage in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty. The two Gables were all built up, and the audience watched from three sides to one side. This kind of structure has been basically followed on the stage after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, only the front desk is widened and the entrance is divided into three bays.

Theatres everywhere

Beijing

In the Qing Dynasty, there were three famous theatres at home and abroad. They were the Heyuan theater in the summer palace, the changyinge theater in the Palace Museum and the qingyinge theater in Chengde Mountain Resort.

Jiangxi

Jiangxi Ningdu stage was built in the second year of Guangxu. It is opposite to the "Laoguan Temple" in the north and south. The stage is made of wood and divided into two stages. The front stage is used for opera singing, and the back stage is used for opera makeup and accommodation. The total length is about 10 meters and the width is 15 meters. On the doorpost of the front desk, there is a wooden couplet with red lacquer gilded in Yang Style: "you can see it when you come out, either as a gentleman or a villain, or as a talented person or a beautiful woman; sometimes it's calm, sometimes it's earth shaking, and it's all empty in the twinkling of an eye.". On the top of the stage, there is a horizontal plaque painted with red lacquer and gold: "the sound is full of songs". Generally, the stage is used three times a year, that is, three plays are performed. One is the flower festival in February, one is the birthday of the senior official in April, and the other is the he Miao opera in August. Each performance is more than one month, less than half a month. During the performance, all the people around will come to the theater. Some are just watching the opera, some are doing business, some are gambling, some are whoring, some are visiting relatives. They have everything. There are a lot of people. Hotels and restaurants are full every day. It's very busy. This three times a year play is also called "Xingfen play". The price of the play comes from those who give birth to boys, those who get married, those who get rich in business, those who are donated by various shops, and those on the gambling table. The content of singing opera is mostly Hunan opera, which is the same every year. Sometimes, some activities will be held in conjunction with other places. For example, in early August, Ningdu Troupe will be invited to sing Tea Picking Opera in memory of Mr. Xu Jing.

Leping City, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province is known as the Museum of Chinese ancient stage. There are more than 412 ancient theatres scattered in the villages of the city. The construction time spans more than 500 years from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the present. The ancient stage of Leping can be roughly divided into five types: House stage, temple stage, guild stage, ancestral hall stage and Wannian stage, among which ancestral hall stage and Wannian stage are the most common. No matter what kind of stage they are, they all have the same pattern: they are all traditional brick and wood structures, the facade is archway style, and the third and fifth floors are different. In the center of the roof, there are all the halberds painted by Fang Tian. Some halberds painted by Fang Tian are placed on the top of the colored porcelain. The two ends of the roof are decorated with beautiful fish. There are very tall and straight cornices above the front. Under the eaves, there are wind bells and iron horses. In the center of the stage canopy is a gorgeous caisson. Almost all the wooden components on the stage are carved with exquisite relief: Qionghua yaocao, auspicious animals, Youliang, suifang, sanjialiang, qiantouliang, interspersed with Fangshang and between the layers of the archway. Among these dramas, the most frequently appeared ones are Kuixing diandou, jiulaotiangong, Baxian Guohai and Magu xianshou.

Zhejiang

Zhejiang Ningbo Town God's Temple stage. In the past, except for the main hall and the rear hall, there were two small theatrical stands on both sides. The existing Hall of the central hall is the essence of Town God's Temple. The large and small parts of the whole building are decorated with traditional Zhu Jin wood carvings, and the content is mainly drama stories.

As an important evidence of "hometown of traditional opera" and "birthplace of southern opera", Wenzhou ancient stage has a long history and a large number. Yongjia County alone has 236, far more than Ninghai County, Ningbo City, which is known as "the hometown of Chinese ancient stage culture". A few days ago, Wenzhou ancient stage, as one of the series of "achievements of the third national cultural relics survey of Wenzhou City", was published by Zhejiang ancient books publishing house. It is also the first book in Wenzhou devoted to introducing ancient stage.

Guizhou

Zhaoxing is located 67 kilometers south of Liping County, with more than 800 households and a population of more than 4000. It is the largest ancient Dong village in China. Zhaoxing Dong village is surrounded by mountains. There is a saying that there is no ancestral temple without a platform among the Dong people. The stage is near the drum tower, which is relatively simple. Hanging on the top of the mountain, the six pillars stand at the foot, and the bottom is open. The stage was badly damaged during the cultural revolution, and the overhanging technology of the original eaves and column corners can be seen from a distance. The stage is specially used for singing Dong opera. Zhaoxing people always invite troupes to perform during festivals and festivities. Dong people can have a good time with Dong opera.

Shanxi

The stage of Jin Dynasty in Erlang temple, Wangbao village, Gaoping City, Shanxi Province.

The stage was founded in the 23rd year of Dading, Emperor Shizong of Jin Dynasty (1183 A.D.), which is the earliest stage in China.

Gaoping City is located in the southeast of Shanxi Province, under the jurisdiction of Jincheng City, more than 300 kilometers away from Taiyuan city. There are many high mountains in the territory, with an altitude of about 1500 meters and a height of more than 2000 meters. The famous mountains are Taihang Mountain, Wangwu mountain and Zhongtiao Mountain. The long history has left abundant cultural relics and historic sites in the southeast of Shanxi Province. The essence is a large number of well preserved ancient temples and Taoist temples, making the southeast of Shanxi Province the area with the most existing ancient temples in Shanxi Province.

Niuwang temple stage is located in Weicun Niuwang temple, 25 km northwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province. The stage was built in 1283, which was damaged by the Pingyang earthquake in 1303, and rebuilt in 1321. It was repaired repeatedly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The existing stage building is the original structure of the Yuan Dynasty, the rest of which were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The stage is built on a brick platform with a height of more than 1 meter. Its surface is 7.45 meters wide and depth is 7.55 meters. Its plane is nearly square and its single eaves rest on the top of the mountain. The beam frame structure has its own characteristics, not only has load capacity, but also has decorative effect. The Big Dipper is placed on the four corner column, the mouth of the dipper is equipped with a cross sparrow to bear the large architrave, and the top of the architrave is surrounded by 12 dougongs, which can be divided into two types: patching room and corner. The five layers are made of heavy lifting and heavy Dougong, and the center is built to support the eaves and the upper beam frame. The corner of the Dougong is equipped with a trowel and a trowel beam. The beam and Dougong are built on the top of the well head Fang, and the upper bearing angle Fang forms an oblique frame shape. A vertical column is set in the center of the angle Fang, and a small appendix is set up to form a flat octagonal roof truss. A Lei Gong column is suspended in the center, which is different from the interest of the caisson.

The whole body of the stage is open on three sides, only the back eaves and the back walls of the two mountains are built, and the gables are about 1 / 3 of the total length of the mountain. The front eaves and the front of the two mountains are exposed, which is the inherent form of the early stage.

Guangxi

At the entrance of the ancient town stands a stage. The stage is very old. The last time it was repaired was in the Qing Dynasty. Step onto the stage and push open the mottled old wooden door. The creaking makes people suddenly think that they will hear the creaking music as soon as they open the door. They will see the colorful actors and the bustling spectators Of course, trance is just

Chinese PinYin : Xi Tai