Jujube garden

Jujube garden

Zaoyuan used to be the seat of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, 8 kilometers northwest of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. Jujube garden used to be a landlord's manor. After the CPC Central Committee settled in Yan'an, it was the residence of the Social Department of the CPC Central Committee, so it was renamed "Yanyuan". On both sides of the stone pillars of the gate of the former site, there is the word "Yanyuan" written by Kang Sheng. From 1944 to March 1947, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was moved here by Yang Jialing. At the same time, there are Zaoyuan street in Zhangqiu City, Zaoyuan town in Zhenping county and Zaoyuan residence in Xinghua City.

survey

On both sides of the stone pillars at the gate of the former site are the words "Yanyuan" written by Kang Sheng. From 1944 to March 1947, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was moved here by Yang Jialing. During his residence here, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee continued to lead the whole party to carry out the rectification movement and the mass production movement carried out by the army and the people in the liberated areas, prepared for the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, led the army and the people throughout the country to win the final victory of the Anti Japanese War, and led the people throughout the country to fight tit for tat with the Kuomintang diehards for democratic unity and peaceful nation building The reactionaries of the Democratic Party have made full preparations for an all-round civil war.

In February 1947, introduced by Ye Jianying, Liu Shaoqi and Wang Guangmei married here. On September 8, 1944, at the foot of the Xishan Mountain in Hougou, Zaoyuan, Mao Zedong attended the memorial meeting of martyr Zhang sider and wrote an elegy: "pay homage to Comrade Zhang sider who died for the interests of the people!" And delivered an important speech of "serving the people". After the withdrawal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from Yan'an in 1947, the Kuomintang troops destroyed Yan'an and the jujube garden was seriously damaged. After 1953, the people's government began to carry out maintenance according to the original appearance. At present, the former site of Zaoyuan has the small auditorium of the Central Secretariat, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Zhang Wentian, Peng Dehuai's former residence, "serving the people" speech platform, Central Medical Center, Xingfu canal and other scenic spots. Jujube garden is a garden like revolutionary memorial site, with beautiful scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter, quiet environment, convenient transportation and constant tourists all year round. In 1996, the ceremony of collecting the "fire of revolution" for the torch relay of the Fifth National University Games was solemnly held in Zaoyuan. Jujube garden has become one of the important bases of national revolutionary traditional education.

brief introduction

There were several rows of caves and some fruit trees in the garden. After 1942, several "pin" shaped small houses were built one after another, and dozens of earth caves were built on the mountain, and some fruit trees, flowers and plants were planted. In October 1943, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was moved here by Yang Jialing, and the Ministry of social affairs moved to Hougou. From 1943 to 1947, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee led the rectification movement and mass production movement of the whole party, prepared for the Seventh National Congress of the CPC, won the victory of the Anti Japanese War, fought tit for tat with the Kuomintang for democratic unity and peaceful nation building after the victory of the anti Japanese War, and made full preparations for smashing the all-round civil war launched by the Kuomintang. Mao Zedong wrote "study and current situation" and "on Chongqing negotiation" and other works here. The former residence of Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Zhang Wentian, Peng Dehuai and the small auditorium of the Secretariat are preserved here. After the Kuomintang occupied Yan'an in February 1947, some buildings were destroyed and restored according to their original appearance after liberation. In hougoukou of Zaoyuan, there is a "service for the people" speech platform. It is the place where Mao Zedong delivered the "service for the people" speech at the meeting convened by the organs directly under the CPC Central Committee in memory of Zhang sider on September 8, 1944.

Structural layout

Zaoyuan revolutionary site is an important part of red tourism and one of the key scenic spots of red tourism. At present, the scenic spot has opened the small auditorium of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Zhang Wentian, Peng Dehuai's former residence, "serving the people" speech platform, Central Medical Center, Xingfu canal and other scenic spots. Xingfu canal is located on the right side of the jujube garden yard near the hillside, passing through the middle of the yard. The 6 km long canal was built in April 1940 and can irrigate more than 80 hectares of land. The canal turned the dry land of zaoyuanchuan into irrigated land, and the crops were bumper year after year, so the people named it "happy canal". Mao Zedong's former residence is located on the hillside in the northeast of Zaoyuan. It is adjacent to Zhou Enlai's and Zhu De's former residence. The cave faces the southwest and is divided into five holes. From the right, there are reception room, office and dormitory. The other two holes are staff rooms. Zhou Enlai's former residence is located on the hillside behind Ren Bishi's former residence. It is a two hole cave with an office on the left and a dormitory on the right. Zhou Enlai lived here from October 1944 to March 1947. The small auditorium of the Secretariat is located in the center of Yanyuan, which is of brick and wood structure. This is the meeting room of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and also the club. The decision on Chongqing negotiation was made here. There are 815 precious cultural relics on display in the old revolutionary site of Zaoyuan, which has become one of the important bases of Chinese revolutionary traditional education and occupies an important position in red tourism.

History and culture

Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, the former site of Yan'an revolution. From 1937 to 1947, Yan'an was the seat of the CPC Central Committee and the capital of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region, the guiding center and the general rear of the Chinese revolution, and the holy land of the revolution. The former sites of Yan'an revolution include the former site of the CPC Central Committee in Fenghuangshan, the former site of the CPC Central Committee in Yangjialing, the former site of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee in Zaoyuan, the former site of the Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee and the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army in wangjiaping, and the former site of the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in China. The former site of Fenghuangshan revolution is at the foot of Fenghuangshan mountain in the north gate of Yan'an. In January 1937, the CPC Central Committee moved from Baoan (now Zhidan County) to here. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has held important meetings here, including the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau, the Chinese Congress, and the enlarged Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee. There is Mao Zedong's former residence at the foot of Fenghuang mountain, where Mao Zedong met with Dr. Bethune. There are also the former site of the general staff of the Red Army, the former residence of Zhu De and the former residence of Liu Bocheng. In November 1938, Japanese planes bombed Yan'an City, and the organs of the CPC Central Committee moved to Yangjialing.

From 1944 to March 1947, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was moved here by Yang Jialing. During his residence here, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee continued to lead the whole party to carry out the rectification movement and the mass production movement carried out by the army and the people in the liberated areas, prepared for the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, led the Chinese army and the people to win the final victory of the Anti Japanese War, and led the Chinese people to fight tit for tat with the Kuomintang diehards for democratic unity and peaceful nation building The reactionaries of the Democratic Party have made full preparations for an all-round civil war. Jujube garden is a garden like revolutionary memorial site, with beautiful scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter, quiet environment, convenient transportation and constant tourists all year round. In 1996, the ceremony of collecting the "fire of revolution" for the torch relay of the Fifth China University Games was solemnly held in Zaoyuan. Jujube garden has become one of the important bases of Chinese revolutionary traditional education.

Revolutionary experience

In October 1943, as the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee was preparing for the Seventh National Congress meeting in Zaoyuan, many problems needed to be dealt with by Mao Zedong himself. However, Yangjialing was far away from Zaoyuan. In order to avoid Mao Zedong running back and forth on the road and fighting for time, Mao Zedong moved into Zaoyuan with the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. Mao Zedong's residence in Zaoyuan was just the transition period from the Agrarian Revolution to the Anti Japanese war. Mao Zedong studied China's military science and war science with great energy. With philosophical thinking, he deeply analyzed and summarized the characteristics of China's revolutionary war, the strategies and tactics of China's revolutionary war, China's revolutionary base areas, the national conditions of the war between China and Japan, the military history of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and other major issues. He wrote the strategic issues of China's revolutionary war and the Anti Japanese guerrilla war His works, such as "on the strategic issues of Japan", "on protracted war", "war and strategic issues", laid a theoretical foundation for the victory of the Anti Japanese war.

On November 20, 1938, more than 20 Japanese planes suddenly bombed Yan'an City. Because the Japanese aircraft bombed Baota Mountain in Yan'an as a reference target, and Mao Zedong's cave in Fenghuang mountain was very close to Baota Mountain, many bombs were dropped near Mao Zedong's cave. For Mao Zedong's safety, the CPC Central Committee decided to transfer Mao Zedong from Fenghuangshan to Yangjialing overnight. In order to oppose the blockade of the base areas by the Japanese army and the Kuomintang army, Mao Zedong personally initiated the mass production movement, made his own efforts, provided sufficient food and clothing, realized the self-help of production, and basically solved the material difficulties of the base areas. Jujube garden is located in the northwest of Yan'an City, 15 li away from the city. It used to be a manor. After the Party Central Committee arrived in Yan'an, the Social Department of the Central Committee lived in the manor, so it was renamed "Yanyuan". Mao Zedong's residence is located on the hillside in the northeast of Yanyuan. It is a quiet courtyard with a row of stone cave facing southwest. From the right, the first cave is the reception room, the second is the office, the third is the dormitory, and the other two are the staff's living rooms. During his residence here, Mao Zedong wrote many works, such as study and the current situation, on the coalition government, and on the Chongqing negotiations, among which 28 were included in the selected works of Mao Zedong. Here, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the army and the people behind the enemy gradually took the initiative in the struggle against the enemy after overcoming the serious difficulties in the later stage of stalemate. In January 1946, Mao Zedong moved from Zaoyuan to wangjiaping.

Revolutionary events

From 1944 to March 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was stationed in Zaoyuan

Chinese PinYin : Zao Yuan